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公开(公告)号：US4567878A
公开(公告)日：1986-02-04
申请号：US737864
申请日：1985-05-28
申请人： William J. Larkin
发明人： William J. Larkin
CPC分类号： F24D11/007 , F24D17/0068 , F24J2/0444 , F24J2/44 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A solar heater system utilizes a passive anti-reverse siphon system to prevent the reversal of the fluid flow during evenings and other times when the ambient temperature is below the temperature within the system. The anti-reverse siphon system used functions strictly as a result of the geometry of the system and does not utilize either physical check valves or the immiscible fluid meniscus check valve system. Several embodiments include a wedge-shaped roof type version using a tandem or duplex system which heats first water for hot water use, with the hot water subsequently acting as the heating elment in the second of the tandem series for space heating, and other embodiments utilize a heat exchanger, a horizontally extended tank, a specialized corrugated hot plate for a flat plate solar collector which acts as the heating element for the system, and a system utilizing a special immersion heater in the anti-reverse siphon loop which can be externally energized if reverse siphon forces are so strong that the geometry of the system is inadequate to overcome them or if increased freeze protection is desired for the system.
摘要翻译： 太阳能加热器系统利用被动反向反虹吸系统来防止在偶尔期间和当环境温度低于系统内的温度时的其它时间的流体流动的反转。 所使用的反反虹吸系统严格地作为系统的几何形状，不使用物理止回阀或不混溶液体弯液面止回阀系统。 几个实施例包括使用串联或双工系统的楔形屋顶型，其加热用于热水使用的第一水，随后热水随后用作用于空间加热的串联串联的第二个中的加热层，并且其他实施例利用 热交换器，水平延伸槽，用作平板太阳能集热器的专用波纹热板，用作系统的加热元件，以及利用专用浸入式加热器在反向虹吸回路中的系统，该反向虹吸回路可外部通电 如果反向虹吸力如此强烈，使得系统的几何形状不足以克服它们，或者如果系统需要增加防冻保护。
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公开(公告)号：US4519383A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-28
申请号：US595485
申请日：1984-03-30
申请人： William J. Larkin
发明人： William J. Larkin
CPC分类号： F24D17/0068 , F24D11/007 , F24J2/0444 , F24J2/40 , F24J2/44 , F24J2002/4605 , Y02B10/20 , Y02B10/70 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A solar heater which is adapted for liquid heating and space heating, or both, utilizes a passive anti-reverse siphon concept in which fresh air or water is required to traverse upwardly along a passageway and then descend along a descending passageway insulated from the ascending passageway before it enters the solar heating chamber, with the result that the pressure heads generated in the ascending and descending passageways and the heating chamber offset one another such that forward, passive solar heating convection occurs, but in the evening when the heating chamber becomes cool, the normal reverse convection that occurs in passive units is stopped.
摘要翻译： 适用于液体加热和空间加热的太阳能加热器或两者都采用被动反向虹吸概念，其中需要新鲜空气或水沿着通道向上穿过，然后沿着与上升通道绝缘的下降通道下降 在其进入太阳能加热室之前，结果是在上升和下降通道和加热室中产生的压力头彼此偏移，使得正向被动太阳能加热对流发生，但是在加热室变冷时的晚上， 停止在被动单元中发生的正常反向对流。
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公开(公告)号：US4452231A
公开(公告)日：1984-06-05
申请号：US406186
申请日：1982-08-09
申请人： Ahmad M. El-Shayeb
发明人： Ahmad M. El-Shayeb
摘要： A solar water heating apparatus comprises a plurality of longitudinal tubular storage tanks positioned adjacent one another in a stacked array. Each tank is aligned adjacent the next tank in the same direction and plane. A cold water inlet pipe is directed through coaxial apertures near the bottom of each tank while a hot water outlet pipe is directed through aligned apertures near the top of each tank. Each tank in the array is associated with a heat conducting plate with each plate having a pipe thermally connected thereto. The pipe enters the associated tank at the bottom end through a first opening and enters at the top end through a second opening. The second opening at the top end is covered by a counter balanced valve member which is pivotally mounted to the tank and is operative to block the second opening for pressures below a given pressure. Hence when cold water is directed through the cold water inlet pipe, it enters the pipe associated with the plate. As the solar energy impinges on the plate, the water is heated and the pressure causes the water to rise through the pipe towards the top opening. When a particular pressure is reached due to temperature the valve will pivot and open thus causing the heated water to continue to circulate until the entire temperature of the storage tank reaches an ambient value. The valve prevents the water from cooling as during the night time.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能热水设备包括多个纵向管状储罐，其彼此相邻布置成堆叠的阵列。 每个罐在相同的方向和平面上与下一个罐相邻。 冷水入口管通过每个罐底部的同轴孔引导，而热水出口管通过每个罐顶部附近的对准孔。 阵列中的每个罐与导热板相关联，每个板具有与其热连接的管。 管通过第一开口在底端进入相关联的罐，并通过第二开口进入顶端。 在顶端的第二个开口被一个反平衡阀构件覆盖，该平衡阀构件可枢转地安装在储罐上，并且可操作地阻止第二开口用于低于给定压力的压力。 因此，当冷水引导通过冷水进水管时，它进入与板相关的管道。 当太阳能冲击板上时，水被加热并且压力导致水通过管道向顶部开口上升。 当由于温度达到特定压力时，阀将枢转并打开，从而导致加热的水继续循环，直到储罐的整个温度达到环境值。 该阀防止水在夜间冷却。
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公开(公告)号：US4428362A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-31
申请号：US224141
申请日：1981-01-12
申请人： William J. Larkin
发明人： William J. Larkin
摘要： A solar heating system is provided incorporating the flat plate collector and storage tanks substantially in the same unit and avoiding the usual reverse-siphon problems that are inherent in the nature of a passive integral system of this type by a piping system wherein heating and elevation of certain vertical components of connecting piping reverses, or almost reverses, the usual net pressure head which is responsible for creating the reverse siphon.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种太阳能加热系统，其包括基本上在同一单元中的平板收集器和储罐，并且避免了通过管道系统的这种类型的被动整体系统本质上固有的通常的反向虹吸问题，其中加热和升高 连接管道的某些垂直部件相反，或几乎反转了负责产生反向虹吸管的通常的净压头。
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公开(公告)号：US4378788A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-05
申请号：US267253
申请日：1981-05-26
申请人： Albert F. Naccache
发明人： Albert F. Naccache
CPC分类号： F24J2/4649 , F24J2/23 , F24J2/44 , Y02B10/20 , Y02E10/44 , Y10S126/908
摘要： An open-flow concrete flat-plate solar collector has a grooved photothermal conversion surface coated with an impermeable selective coating of high capillarity. A special header insures spreading of the heat transfer fluid over the photothermal conversion surface even if the collector is not perfectly level. The collector is used in a closed loop heat exchanger system or a closed loop thermosiphoning system with, as a heat transfer fluid, distilled water to which is added an antistatic agent. The collector may be free-standing, or it can be added onto an existing inclined roof, or incorporated as an integral part of such roof. This collector preferably is used for applications up to 150.degree. F.
摘要翻译： 开式混凝土平板太阳能收集器具有带有光滑的光热转化表面，该表面涂覆有高毛细管力的不可渗透的选择性涂层。 即使收集器不是完美的水平，一个特殊的头部保证传热流体在光热转换表面上的传播。 收集器用于闭环热交换器系统或闭环热虹吸系统中，作为传热流体，加入抗静电剂的蒸馏水。 收集器可以是独立的，或者它可以被添加到现有的倾斜屋顶上，或作为这种屋顶的组成部分结合。 该收集器优选用于高达150°F的应用。
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公开(公告)号：US4340030A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-20
申请号：US902950
申请日：1978-05-05
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
摘要： Various systems are disclosed for absorbing radiant heat, especially solar heat, by evaporating a refrigerant, and for releasing the heat thus absorbed to a medium to be heated, by condensing the evaporated portion of the refrigerant. The refrigerant fluid loop includes (1) an evaporator, or solar collector, including passageways where at least a portion of the refrigerant is vaporized, (2) a separator which may be a part of or a separate component from the evaporator, that divides the vapor portion and the liquid portion of the refrigerant exiting the evaporator passageways, (3) a condenser for condensing the vapor portion of the refrigerant and transferring the latent heat released to a medium to be heated, and (4) a condensate pump to return the liquid refrigerant from the separator and condenser to the evaporator. Systems are also disclosed for returning the liquid refrigerant to the evaporator by gravity thus eliminating the need for a condensate pump. Controls and component arrangements are shown for maintaining the temperature of evaporation of the refrigerant automatically insofar as practical just above that of the medium to be heated, independently of changes in the temperature of the medium, the temperatures of the system's surroundings, and the intensity of radiation intercepted by the system. Also disclosed are novel solar collector designs applicable to the invented systems.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于通过蒸发制冷剂吸收辐射热，特别是太阳能热，并且通过冷凝制冷剂的蒸发部分而将被吸收的热量释放到待加热介质的各种系统。 制冷剂流体回路包括（1）蒸发器或太阳能收集器，其包括其中至少一部分制冷剂被蒸发的通道，（2）可以是蒸发器的一部分或分离的部件的分离器，其将 蒸汽部分和离开蒸发器通道的制冷剂的液体部分，（3）冷凝器，用于冷凝制冷剂的蒸气部分并将释放的潜热转移到待加热介质，以及（4）冷凝泵， 液体制冷剂从分离器和冷凝器到蒸发器。 还公开了用于通过重力将液体制冷剂返回到蒸发器的系统，从而消除了对冷凝水泵的需要。 示出了控制和组件布置，用于自动地保持制冷剂的蒸发温度，只要实际上高于介质的加热介质温度，与介质温度的变化，系统的周围环境的温度和强度 系统截获的辐射。 还公开了适用于本发明系统的新型太阳能收集器设计。
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公开(公告)号：US4306544A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-22
申请号：US132324
申请日：1980-03-20
申请人： Mark H. Clemens
发明人： Mark H. Clemens
摘要： A solar powered water heater including a housing within which are a water storage tank, reflective coated insulation and a solar panel. Pressurized water such as from a municipal water system is fed into the tank interior via a tank supply conduit. A reverse flow of pre-heated water from the tank to the solar panel occurs during passive heat siphoning. A solar panel supply conduit in communication with the first mentioned conduit has a lower flow capacity to assure water from the source being directed into the water tank for pre-heating prior to heat siphoning flow through the solar panel. A modified housing includes an adjustable window with a reflective layer for increased solar reflection toward the water tank.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能热水器，包括壳体，储水箱，反射涂层绝缘层和太阳能电池板。 诸如来自市政供水系统的加压水通过储罐供应管道进入罐体内部。 在被动热虹吸期间，从罐到太阳能电池板的预热水逆向流动。 与第一提及的管道连通的太阳能电池板供应管道具有较低的流动能力，以确保在来自太阳能电池板的热虹吸流动之前来自源的水被引导到水箱中以进行预热。 改进的壳体包括具有用于增加朝向水箱的太阳反射的反射层的可调窗口。
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公开(公告)号：US4299203A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-10
申请号：US93753
申请日：1979-11-13
申请人： Alvin Skopp
发明人： Alvin Skopp
摘要： A tubular solar collector system is provided in which a heat absorbing fluid is contained within tubular solar collectors completely separate and independent from a fluid circulated through the manifold to which the tubular collectors are operably attached. The collectors extend downwardly from the generally horizontal manifold so that when the fluid within the tubular collector is heated by incident solar radiation it is circulated to a heat exchanger in the manifold by thermosyphoning action.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种管状太阳能收集器系统，其中吸收流体被包含在管状太阳能收集器中，该管状太阳能收集器完全独立于独立于循环通过歧管的流体，管状收集器可操作地连接于该歧管。 收集器从大致水平的歧管向下延伸，使得当管状收集器内的流体被入射的太阳辐射加热时，其通过热虹吸作用循环到歧管中的热交换器。
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公开(公告)号：US4192290A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-11
申请号：US900843
申请日：1978-04-28
申请人： Ronald N. Jensen
发明人： Ronald N. Jensen
CPC分类号： F24J2/402 , F24J2/345 , F24J2/44 , F24J2002/4605 , Y02E10/40
摘要： A combined solar energy collector, fluid chiller and energy storage system. A movable interior insulated panel in a storage tank is positionable flush against the storage tank wall to insulate the tank for energy storage. The movable interior insulated panel is alternately positionable to form a solar collector or fluid chiller through which the fluid flows by natural circulation.
摘要翻译： 一个组合的太阳能集热器，流体冷却器和储能系统。 储罐中的可移动内部绝缘板可定位成与储罐壁齐平，以使罐隔离以进行储能。 可移动的内部绝缘面板可交替地定位成形成太阳能收集器或流体冷却器，流体通过其自然循环流动。
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公开(公告)号：US4175541A
公开(公告)日：1979-11-27
申请号：US851102
申请日：1977-11-14
申请人： Calvert H. Midgley
发明人： Calvert H. Midgley
CPC分类号： F24J2/0494 , F24J2/22 , F24J2/34 , F24J2/44 , F24J2002/4698 , Y02E10/44
摘要： A solar heating system comprising a collector panel with a plurality of beverage cans or the like received in holes drilled therethrough. The surfaces of the panel and the cans protruding from the front of the panel are painted with a dark, heat-absorbing paint and the circular tops of the cans, which are exposed through the other side of the panel, are left uncoated to radiate heat directly into a heat storage medium, such as a pile of rocks on the other side. A heating duct exits from the top of the heat storage chamber to the area to be heated and the return duct enters at the same level. Circulation of air through the heating duct is mechanically induced.
摘要翻译： 一种太阳能加热系统，包括具有多个饮料罐或类似物的收集器面板，所述多个饮料罐或类似物容纳在穿过其中的孔中。 面板表面和从面板前面突出的罐头涂上一层黑色的吸热涂料，并且通过面板另一侧暴露的罐的圆形顶部不被涂覆以辐射热量 直接进入储热介质，如另一侧的一堆岩石。 加热管道从储热室的顶部排出到待加热区域，回流管道进入同一水平。 机械地诱导通过加热管道的空气循环。
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