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公开(公告)号：US4289987A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-15
申请号：US773771
申请日：1977-03-02
申请人： James T. Russell , Thomas J. Davis
发明人： James T. Russell , Thomas J. Davis
CPC分类号： G01L9/16 , H01L41/125
摘要： A system including a sensor and electronic instrumentation for measuring fission gas pressures inside a pressurized system or device or the like, such as a nuclear fuel rod. The system is based primarily on what is commonly known as the Villari effect which is the dependence of the magnetic permeability of certain magnetic materials upon applied stress, and permits pressure measurements to be made without any mechanical or physical penetration of the fuel cladding or end cap of the fuel rod. In a preferred embodiment pressure sensing is implemented by locating a sensor made from Villari sensitive material inside the pressurized system. The pressure places a stress loading on the sensor which in turn produces electrical output signals proportional to the applied stress. By sensing the initial magnetic permeability of the sensor, the difference between that sensed information and subsequently sensed similar information can be obtained, thereby providing an indication of any change in system pressure and the degree of such change. Such measurements can be made sequentially at multiple locations by placing an external electromagnetic search coil adjacent the internal sensor in the pressurized system such that the magnetic field of the search coil penetrates the containment wall of the pressurized system, thus interrogating the sensor and providing an appropriate readout which can be calibrated in terms of system pressure.
摘要翻译： 一种包括用于测量加压系统或装置等内的裂变气体压力的传感器和电子仪器的系统，例如核燃料棒。 该系统主要基于通常所称的Villari效应，其是某些磁性材料在施加的应力下的磁导率的依赖性，并且允许在没有燃料包层或端盖的任何机械或物理穿透的情况下进行压力测量 的燃料棒。 在优选实施例中，通过将由Villari敏感材料制成的传感器定位在加压系统内部来实现压力感测。 压力将应力负载放置在传感器上，这又产生与施加的应力成比例的电输出信号。 通过感测传感器的初始磁导率，可以获得感测信息与随后检测到的类似信息之间的差异，从而提供系统压力和这种变化程度的任何变化的指示。 通过将外部电磁搜索线圈放置在加压系统中的内部传感器附近，使得搜索线圈的磁场穿透加压系统的容纳壁，从而可以在多个位置进行这种测量，从而询问传感器并提供适当的 读数可根据系统压力进行校准。
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52.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4224481A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US934210
申请日：1978-08-16
申请人： James T. Russell
发明人： James T. Russell
IPC分类号： G11B7/003 , G11B7/004 , G11B7/08 , G11B7/12 , G11B7/24 , G11B20/00 , G11B27/032 , G11B27/10 , H04N5/073 , H04N5/91 , H04N5/915 , G11B7/00 , H04N5/86 , G11C7/00
CPC分类号： G11B20/00007 , G11B27/032 , G11B27/10 , G11B7/0031 , G11B7/004 , G11B7/08 , G11B7/12 , G11B7/24 , H04N5/0736 , H04N5/91 , H04N5/915 , G11B2220/90
摘要： Recording and playback optical scanners are relatively movable with respect to each other and with respect to a movable recording medium such as reel of tape adapted for recording variations in applied light. The playback scanner reproduces recorded information at a time delayed with respect to the time of recording, wherein the amount of delay can vary within wide limits. When the playback scanner is moved relative to recording scanner, the playback rate will be faster or slower than the recording rate.
摘要翻译： 记录和回放光学扫描仪可相对于彼此相对移动，并且相对于诸如适用于记录所施加的光的变化的可移动的记录介质，例如卷带。 回放扫描器在相对于记录时间延迟的时间再现记录的信息，其中延迟量可以在宽的范围内变化。 当播放扫描仪相对于记录扫描仪移动时，播放速度将比录制速度更快或更慢。
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公开(公告)号：US4163600A
公开(公告)日：1979-08-07
申请号：US870642
申请日：1978-01-19
申请人： James T. Russell
发明人： James T. Russell
CPC分类号： G11B7/135 , G11B27/102 , G11B7/0033 , G11B7/085 , G11B7/1362 , G11B7/24 , H04N5/76
摘要： Multi-layered optical data records and playback apparatus are described in which a plurality of optical data layers are provided on at least one side of a record substrate and the playback apparatus scans data tracks on such layers with a light beam to produce an electrical readout signal corresponding to the data in the scanned tracks. The playback apparatus includes selection means for selectively playing back data tracks on different ones of the data layers. The data track may be formed by lines of data spots of binary coded digital information or such spots may be frequency modulated or pulse length modulated analog information which are photographically recorded at extremely high data density so that they may be used to record audio or video signals including television signals. While the optical data records may be light transparent, they are preferably light reflective so that the playback light source and associated focusing and scanning means may be supported on the same side of the record as the light detector to provide a more compact playback apparatus. This also enables at least some of the same optical elements to be used for transmitting the reflected light beam to the detector that are used for transmitting the playback light beam from the light source to the record. Selection of one data track for playback may be accomplished by changing the focus of the light beam from one data layer to another, or by making the data tracks of optically different materials, such as using different color dyes or different photoluminescent materials, and selectively positioning corresponding color filters in front of the light detectors.
摘要翻译： 描述了多层光学数据记录和重放装置，其中在记录基板的至少一侧设置多个光学数据层，并且重放装置用光束扫描这些层上的数据轨道以产生电子读出信号 对应于扫描轨道中的数据。 播放装置包括选择装置，用于选择性地在不同的数据层上重放数据轨道。 数据轨道可以由二进制编码数字信息的数据点线形成，或者这些点可以是频率调制的或脉冲长度调制的模拟信息，其以非常高的数据密度照相记录，以便它们可以用于记录音频或视频信号 包括电视信号。 虽然光学数据记录可以是光透明的，但是它们优选地是光反射的，使得重放光源和相关联的聚焦和扫描装置可以被支持在与光检测器相同的记录侧，以提供更紧凑的重放装置。 这还使得能够使用至少一些相同的光学元件来将反射光束传输到用于将重放光束从光源传输到记录的检测器。 可以通过将光束从一个数据层的焦点改变到另一个数据层，或者通过使光学上不同的材料的数据轨迹，例如使用不同的彩色染料或不同的光致发光材料，并且选择性地定位 相应的滤光片前面的光检测器。
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公开(公告)号：US4133600A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-09
申请号：US728872
申请日：1976-10-01
CPC分类号： G02B5/32 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Holographic lenses are formed on a substantially transparent scanning disc wherein a line focus is the object for each hologram. Such hologram is then used to reconstruct the line focus at the location of the record to be scanned, thereby alleviating tolerance requirements in regard to the positioning or flatness of the scanned record.
摘要翻译： 全息透镜形成在基本上透明的扫描盘上，其中线焦点是每个全息图的对象。 然后使用这样的全息图在要扫描的记录的位置处重建线焦点，从而减轻关于扫描记录的定位或平坦度的公差要求。
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公开(公告)号：US4129384A
公开(公告)日：1978-12-12
申请号：US804814
申请日：1977-06-08
申请人： Ray A. Walker , Fred R. Reich , James T. Russell
发明人： Ray A. Walker , Fred R. Reich , James T. Russell
摘要： An optical extensometer is described using sequentially pulsed light beams for measuring the dimensions of objects by detecting two opposite edges of the object without contacting the object. The light beams may be of different distinguishable light characteristics, such as polarization or wave length, and are time modulated in an alternating manner at a reference frequency. The light characteristics are of substantially the same total light energy and are distributed symmetrically. In the preferred embodiment two light beam segments of one characteristic are on opposite sides of a middle segment of another characteristic. As a result, when the beam segments are scanned sequentially across two opposite edges of the object, they produce a readout signal at the output of a photoelectric detector that is compared with the reference signal by a phase comparator to produce a measurement signal with a binary level transition when the light beams cross an edge. The light beams may be of different cross sectional geometries, including two superimposed and concentric circular beam cross sections of different diameter, or two rectangular cross sections which intersect with each other substantially perpendicular so only their central portions are superimposed. Alternately, a row of three light beams can be used including two outer beams on opposite sides and separate from a middle beam. The three beams may all be of the same light characteristic. However it is preferable that the middle beam be of a different characteristic but of the same total energy as the two outer beams.
摘要翻译： 使用顺序脉冲光束描述光学引伸计，用于通过检测物体的两个相对边缘而不接触物体来测量物体的尺寸。 光束可以具有不同的可区别的光特性，例如极化或波长，并且以参考频率以交替方式进行时间调制。 光特性具有基本上相同的总光能并且对称地分布。 在优选实施例中，一个特征的两个光束段在另一特征的中间段的相对侧上。 结果，当沿对象的两个相对边缘依次扫描光束段时，它们在光电检测器的输出处产生读出信号，该信号通过相位比较器与参考信号进行比较，以产生具有二进制 当光束穿过边缘时，水平转换。 光束可以具有不同的横截面几何形状，包括两个不同直径的叠加和同心的圆形横截面，或者彼此相交的两个矩形横截面基本垂直，从而仅重叠其中心部分。 或者，可以使用一排三个光束，包括在相对侧上的两个外光束并且与中光束分离。 三个光束都可以具有相同的光特性。 然而，优选的是，中梁具有与两个外梁相同的总能量的不同特性。
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