Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes active fins extending in a first direction on a substrate; an isolation insulating layer covering a portion of side surfaces of the active fins; channel layers stacked vertically and spaced apart on the active fins; a gate pattern in a second direction across the active fins and the channel layers; and spacer layers across the active fins in the second direction on both sides of the gate pattern. At least one spacer layer extends downwardly along a side surface of the gate pattern such that a lower surface thereof contacts the isolation insulating layer. The lower surface of the spacer layer is higher than a level of upper surfaces of the active fins. The gate pattern has a lower surface contacting the isolation insulating layer. The lower surface of the gate pattern is lower than a level of the upper surfaces of the active fins.
Abstract:
An electronic apparatus, including a processor connected with a microphone, a memory and a communication interface, and configured to: based on receiving a user voice through the microphone, acquire an operation result by inputting the user voice into the first neural network model, and identify at least one device corresponding to the user voice by inputting the operation result into the second neural network model, and control the communication interface to transmit the operation result to the at least one device, wherein the first neural network model is configured to, after only some layers of a third neural network model trained to identify a text from a voice are additionally trained, include only the additionally trained some layers, and wherein the second neural network model is trained to identify a device corresponding to a voice.
Abstract:
A method of operating a wireless communication apparatus configured to support adaptive beamforming of a base station, the method including receiving a sounding packet from the base station through a plurality of sub-carriers, generating first channel information corresponding to first sub-carriers among the plurality of sub-carriers based on the sounding packet, performing an interpolation operation using the first channel information to generate second channel information corresponding to second sub-carriers among the plurality of sub-carriers, generating first beamforming feedback including the first channel information and the second channel information, and transmitting the first beamforming feedback to the base station.
Abstract:
Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to an antenna device that provides a wireless communication function and an electronic device including the antenna device is provided. The electronic device includes a communication module and an antenna structure electrically connected to the communication module. The antenna structure may include a conductive substrate including a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area a plurality of first slits formed in the first area of the conductive substrate parallel to each other with a first predetermined interval therebetween in a predetermined direction and a plurality of second slits formed in the second area of the conductive substrate at a position corresponding to an inter-slit area between at least some slits among the plurality of first slits.
Abstract:
A context aware service provision method and apparatus for recognizing the user context and executing an action corresponding to the user context according to a rule defined by the user and feeding back the execution result to the user interactively are provided. The method for providing a context-aware service includes receiving a user input, the user input being at least one of a text input and a speech input, identifying a rule including a condition and an action corresponding to the condition based on the received user input, activating the rule to detect a context which corresponds to the condition of the rule, and executing, when the context is detected, the action corresponding to the condition.
Abstract:
A method of operating a wireless communication apparatus, the method comprising: estimating a first channel using a sounding packet received from a base station to obtain an estimated first channel, the sounding packet including a plurality of first streams, generating a diagonal matrix and a beam steering matrix by performing singular value decomposition (SVD) on the estimated first channel, generating state information of a plurality of second channels respectively corresponding to a plurality of second streams generated by applying the beam steering matrix to the plurality of first streams using the diagonal matrix, and transmitting beamforming feedback based on the state information to the base station.
Abstract:
A method in a wireless station in communication with an access point over a communication channel includes receiving a channel estimation matrix; determining a beamforming matrix using the channel estimation matrix, the beamforming matrix being generated for a plurality of down-sampled feedback indices; the beamforming matrix including beamforming weights for one or more antennas associated with the access point, each beamforming weight being a complex value including an amplitude and a phase; setting the phase of the beamforming weight for a last antenna associated with the last feedback index of the beamforming matrix to zero and rotating the phase of each beamforming weight for each of the other antennas; performing smoothing of the beamforming matrix for each feedback index by normalizing each column vector of the beamforming matrix; compressing the smoothed beamforming matrix; and providing the smoothed beamforming matrix as output.
Abstract:
Methods, apparatuses, and systems for improved channel estimation in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system are discussed. In one example discussed herein, joint two-dimensional Minimum Mean-Square Error (2D-MMSE) channel estimation is performed on any Resource Element (REs) containing a reference signal in a Resource Block (RB), one-dimensional Minimum Mean-Square Error (1D-MMSE) channel estimation is performed in the frequency domain on each OFDM symbol in the RB, and then channel estimation is performed in the time domain on each frequency sub-carrier in the RB. In another example discussed herein, Power Delay Profiles (PDPs) and/or frequency correlations are calculated using minimax optimization and then stored in a Look-Up Table (LUT) indexed by estimated Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the estimated maximum delay spread. A portable device could use such an LUT in MMSE calculations.
Abstract:
A yeast cell, in which an alcohol dehydrogenase 6 activity is increased and an activity of converting acetaldehyde to ethanol is decreased, a method of decreasing ethanol production by using the yeast cell, and a method of producing lactate.
Abstract:
Provided is an acid-resistant yeast cell that is genetically engineered to enhance activity of a radiation sensitivity complementing kinase, and a method of producing lactate by using the yeast cell.