公开(公告)号：US09544230B2

公开(公告)日：2017-01-10

申请号：US14536182

申请日：2014-11-07

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Christian Martin

IPC: H04L12/18 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/703 ,  H04L12/761 ,  H04L12/723

CPC classification number: H04L45/50 ,  H04L12/18 ,  H04L45/02 ,  H04L45/12 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L45/28 ,  H04L45/54 ,  H04L45/74 ,  H04L45/745 ,  H04L47/33

Abstract: A method and network device are disclosed for multicast forwarding. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving at a node configured to use a bit-indexed forwarding table a multicast message comprising an incoming message bit array. The method further includes comparing the incoming message bit array to a first neighbor bit array within a first forwarding table entry, and determining that for at least one relative bit position in the bit arrays a corresponding destination node is both a destination for the message and a reachable destination from a first neighboring node. The method further includes forwarding toward the first neighboring node a copy of the message, where a first node on the path of the forwarded message is not configured to use a respective bit-indexed forwarding table. An embodiment of the device includes a network interface, a memory and a processor configured to perform steps of the method.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于组播转发的方法和网络设备。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括在被配置为使用位索引转发表的节点处接收包括输入消息位阵列的多播消息。 该方法还包括将输入消息比特阵列与第一转发表条目中的第一相邻比特阵列进行比较，并且确定对于比特阵列中的至少一个相对比特位置，相应的目的地节点既是消息的目的地也是 可达目的地从第一个相邻节点。 该方法还包括向第一相邻节点转发消息的副本，其中转发消息的路径上的第一节点未配置为使用相应的位索引转发表。 该设备的实施例包括网络接口，存储器和被配置为执行该方法的步骤的处理器。

公开(公告)号：US11601296B2

公开(公告)日：2023-03-07

申请号：US16987017

申请日：2020-08-06

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Nagendra Kumar Nainar

IPC: H04L12/18 ,  H04L45/74 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L45/00 ,  H04L45/50

Abstract: Functionality for creating a bit routing table for use in a bit-indexed explicit replication (“BIER”) environment in disclosed herein. In one embodiment, this functionality includes receiving information from a host, and determining whether the information comprises a MAC address that is a bit-indexed explicit replication (“BIER”) MAC address. In response to determining that the information comprises a BIER MAC address, this functionality creates an entry corresponding to the MAC address in a bit routing table. This functionality also analyzes the information to determine a bit position that is associated with the host, and also determines a port via which the host is reachable. The functionality updates the bit routing table by storing information identifying the bit position and the port in the entry, such that the bit position and the port both correspond to the MAC address. This functionality can be used to route packets in a BIER environment.

公开(公告)号：US11438186B2

公开(公告)日：2022-09-06

申请号：US16834860

申请日：2020-03-30

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Pierre Pfister ,  Neale D. R. Ranns ,  W. Mark Townsley ,  Gregory J. Shepherd

IPC: H04L12/18 ,  H04L45/745

Abstract: Methods, network devices and computer readable media are disclosed relating to a communication network. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a message comprising a message bit array. The message bit array identifies egress nodes for the message within a bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) domain of a communications network. A first bit position in the message bit array represents a first one or more of the egress nodes, and a bit value at the first bit position indicates that the message is to be forwarded to one of the first one or more of the egress nodes. The method further includes accessing a first forwarding table entry corresponding to the first bit position, determining whether the first bit position is an anycast bit position having multiple corresponding forwarding table entries, and forwarding the message to one of the first one or more of the egress nodes.

公开(公告)号：US20210119936A1

公开(公告)日：2021-04-22

申请号：US17136930

申请日：2020-12-29

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Neale D. R. Ranns ,  Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd

IPC: H04L12/911 ,  H04L12/703

Abstract: Various systems and methods for performing fast fail-over. One method involves receiving a packet at a primary forwarder node of a core network, determining whether the packet was received from a secondary forwarder node of the core network, via a tunnel, and, in response to a determination that the packet was received via the tunnel, forwarding the packet to another node in the core network. The tunnel communicatively couples the primary forwarder node and the secondary forwarder node. The primary forwarder node and the secondary forwarder node communicatively couple a local network and the core network. The packet was transmitted from the local network.

公开(公告)号：US20200228360A1

公开(公告)日：2020-07-16

申请号：US16834860

申请日：2020-03-30

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Pierre Pfister ,  Neale D. R. Ranns ,  W. Mark Townsley ,  Gregory J. Shepherd

IPC: H04L12/18

Abstract: Methods, network devices and computer readable media are disclosed relating to a communication network. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a message comprising a message bit array. The message bit array identifies egress nodes for the message within a bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) domain of a communications network. A first bit position in the message bit array represents a first one or more of the egress nodes, and a bit value at the first bit position indicates that the message is to be forwarded to one of the first one or more of the egress nodes. The method further includes accessing a first forwarding table entry corresponding to the first bit position, determining whether the first bit position is an anycast bit position having multiple corresponding forwarding table entries, and forwarding the message to one of the first one or more of the egress nodes.

公开(公告)号：US10659242B2

公开(公告)日：2020-05-19

申请号：US16049907

申请日：2018-07-31

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Christian J. Martin ,  Neale D. R. Ranns ,  Jesper Skriver

IPC: H04L12/18 ,  H04L12/761 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/705 ,  H04L12/723

Abstract: Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). For example, one method involves receiving a packet that includes a MPLS label. The packet also includes a multicast forwarding entry. The method also involves determining, based on the value of the MPLS label, whether to use the multicast forwarding entry to forward the packet. The method further includes forwarding the packet.

公开(公告)号：US20200067722A1

公开(公告)日：2020-02-27

申请号：US16669653

申请日：2019-10-31

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Christian J. Martin

IPC: H04L12/18 ,  H04L12/761 ,  H04L12/741

Abstract: Methods, devices and computer readable storage media for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER) are disclosed. One embodiment of a method includes obtaining, at an egress node of a network, a bit position assigned to the egress node. This embodiment also includes sending an outgoing advertisement to other nodes in the network, where the outgoing advertisement identifies the egress node and the assigned bit position. The bit position is within a bit mask comprising bits in a plurality of bit positions, and each bit position corresponds to a respective egress node of the network.

公开(公告)号：US10341222B2

公开(公告)日：2019-07-02

申请号：US14862915

申请日：2015-09-23

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： Toerless Eckert ,  Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Neale D. R. Ranns

IPC: H04L12/761 ,  H04L12/46 ,  H04L12/703 ,  H04L29/06 ,  H04L12/741 ,  H04L12/751 ,  H04L12/931

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for traffic-engineered forwarding through a new form of bit indexed explicit replication. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving at a first node in a network a message comprising a message bit array, and comparing bit values at one or more bit positions in the message bit array to one or more entries in a forwarding table stored at the first node. The one or more bit positions correspond in this embodiment to links in the network. This embodiment of the method further includes forwarding the message over a link represented in the forwarding table if a result of the comparing indicates that the link is included in a path to be taken by the message. In a further embodiment of the method, the message is a multicast message and forwarding the message comprises forwarding a replica of the multicast message.

公开(公告)号：US10242740B2

公开(公告)日：2019-03-26

申请号：US14847019

申请日：2015-09-08

Applicant: Cisco Technology, Inc.

Inventor： IJsbrand Wijnands ,  Gregory J. Shepherd

IPC: G06F15/16 ,  G11C15/00 ,  H04L12/701

Abstract: In one embodiment of a system, apparatus, and method the system, apparatus, and method including a table of neighboring network nodes stored in a ternary content-addressable memory (T-CAM), each one of the neighboring network nodes being indexed as a Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) bitmap, a plurality of selector lines in the T-CAM, each selector line associated with one neighboring network node, a bit set in the T-CAM for one single selector line among the plurality of selector lines such that the set bit is associated with a single match line, the single match line to be set high when an input on the selector line matches the set bit and otherwise to be set low, and a plurality of bits set to do not care for other selector lines, beside the one single selector line, associated with the single match line. Related systems, apparatuses, and methods are also described.

公开(公告)号：US20190068524A1

公开(公告)日：2019-02-28

申请号：US15689027

申请日：2017-08-29

Applicant: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC.

Inventor： Gregory J. Shepherd ,  Ijsbrand Wijnands ,  Neale Ranns ,  David Ward ,  Michael Francis O'Gorman

IPC: H04L12/931

CPC classification number: H04L49/201 ,  H04L12/184 ,  H04L12/189 ,  H04L45/16 ,  H04L49/70 ,  H04L67/1002 ,  H04L67/1095 ,  H04L69/163

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving from a host node comprising a tenant multicast application with a single tenant deployment, an encapsulated multicast packet over unicast at a virtual replicator, the encapsulated multicast packet comprising receiver information for the virtual replicator, replicating the encapsulated multicast packet at the virtual replicator, and transmitting the encapsulated multicast packet over unicast to a plurality of receiving nodes based on the receiver information. The receiving nodes comprise the tenant multicast application and the virtual replicator operates in a cloud without multicast capability. An apparatus is also disclosed herein.