摘要:
A sheet separation member having a separation pick includes a substrate made of hard material, which is swingable around a support shaft connected to a stable member, and a wrapping member made of resin softer than the substrate for wrapping the substrate. A leading end of the substrate is integrally molded with the wrapping member using inert molding, and a leading end of the wrapping member protrudes from the leading end of the substrate by not more than 5 mm.
摘要:
A thermal air flow rate measuring apparatus of great precision wherein sensitivity is enhanced by sensors having different output characteristics and an operating device employing a digitized signal. The sensitivity and temperature can be corrected easily depending on the flow direction of fluid. The measuring apparatus includes at least one heating resistor disposed in a gas fluid, temperature detecting resistors formed at an upstream part and a downstream part of the heating resistor in the flow direction of the fluid, a device for outputting at least two signals relating to the flow rate of the fluid, a quantizing device for quantizing the output values, and an operating device for operating the flow rate based on the quantized signals.
摘要:
An exhaust recirculation control system of the internal combustion engine computes an oxygen concentration in total intake air containing recirculation exhaust gas in a cylinder and the ratio between an oxygen quantity in the total intake air and a fuel injection quantity (oxygen quantity/fuel injection quantity ratio). The computed values are compared with target values which are pre-set according to engine operating conditions and, based on the result of the comparison, at least an EGR valve or a fuel injection quantity. In order to perform such a control with high accuracy, a correcting means corrects a recirculation exhaust gas mass flow signal from a gas mass flowmeter on the basis of a predicted exhaust gas component concentration. And, by using the corrected recirculation exhaust gas mass flow, oxygen concentration in total intake air containing the recirculation exhaust gas in the cylinder and the ratio between the oxygen quantity in the total intake air and the fuel injection quantity (target oxygen quantity/fuel injection quantity ratio) are computed to perform EGR control.
摘要:
A flow rate sensor has a problem that a resistance value of a heat generating resistor itself varies and sensor characteristics are changed during use of the sensor for a long term. Also, the temperature of the heat generating resistor must be adjusted on a circuit substrate with a resistance constituting one side of a fixed temperature difference control circuit, and this has been one of factors pushing up the production cost. All resistances used for fixed temperature difference control are formed on the same substrate as temperature sensitive resistors of the same material. This enables all the resistances for the fixed temperature difference control to be exposed to the same environmental conditions. Hence, even when the resistances change over time, the changes over time occur substantially at the same tendency. Since the resistances for the fixed temperature difference control change over time essentially at the same rate, a resulting output error is very small.
摘要:
A heating resistance flow rate measuring apparatus which can use a power source of an ECU in an automobile without requiring an expensive protective circuit and regulator. Heating of temperature detecting resistors themselves causes temperature changes on the windward and leeward sides, and these temperature changes depend on the amounts of heat generated by the temperature detecting resistors. The amounts of heat generated by the temperature detecting resistors depend on a voltage value of the ECU power source applied to the temperature detecting resistors, and an error is caused in a sensor output depending on a variation in the voltage of the ECU power source. Based on the finding that suppressing the amount of heat generated by the temperature detecting resistors is effective in avoiding the sensor output error caused depending on a variation in the output voltage of the ECU power source, means for suppressing the amount of heat generated by the temperature detecting resistors is disposed.
摘要:
A heating resistor type flow-measuring device is capable of adjusting heating temperature of a heating resistor according to the ambient temperature as well as making the initial adjustment. A heating resistor, a thermoresistance, a group of the resistors, and an amplifier constitute a bridge circuit, and leading terminals of the group of resistors are connected to one of input terminals of an amplifier for amplifying an error voltage through MOS transistors. The heating temperature of the heating resistor can be changed by selecting one of the MOS transistors and turning it on.
摘要:
A fixing device for fixing a toner image on a recording medium includes first and second belts rotatably disposed opposite to each other such that the recording medium having the toner image thereon moves therebetween, a fixing roller disposed in contact with an inner surface of the first belt, a pressure roller disposed in contact with an inner surface of the second belt, the fixing and pressure rollers forming a first nip part therebetween, a first supporting member disposed downstream of the fixing roller and held in contact with the inner surface of the first belt, and a second supporting member disposed downstream of the pressure roller and held in contact with the inner surface of the second belt. A second nip part is formed downstream of the first nip portion and upstream of the first and second supporting members facing each other via the first and second belts.
摘要:
A fixing device for an image forming apparatus includes a fixing member and coating member in contact there with for coating a parting agent on the surface of the fixing member. A feeding member is in contact with the coating member in order to feed the parting agent to the coating member. A holding member contains the parting agent and is held in sliding contact with the feeding member to thereby deposit the parting agent on the feeding member. The rotational speed of the coating member is controlled by a coefficient of friction between the coating member and the fixing member.
摘要:
A gas flowmeter capable of reducing a secular change comprises a silicon semiconductor substrate formed with a cavity and a heat element formed above the cavity of the semiconductor substrate by way of an insulating film. The heat element is a silicon (Si) semiconductor thin film impurity-doped at high concentration. Stoichiometrically stable silicon nitride (Si3N4) thin films as barrier layers which less permeate and less absorb hydrogen in the heat generating temperature range of the heat element are formed above and below the silicon (Si) semiconductor thin film.
摘要翻译:能够减少长期变化的气体流量计包括形成有空腔的硅半导体衬底和通过绝缘膜形成在半导体衬底的空腔上方的加热元件。 热元件是以高浓度杂质掺杂的硅(Si)半导体薄膜。 在上面形成作为在热元件的发热温度范围内较少渗透并且较少吸收氢的阻挡层的化学计量稳定的氮化硅(Si 3 N 4 N 4)薄膜, 在硅(Si)半导体薄膜之下。
摘要:
A gas flowmeter capable of reducing a secular change comprises a silicon semiconductor substrate formed with a cavity and a heat element formed above the cavity of the semiconductor substrate by way of an insulating film. The heat element is a silicon (Si) semiconductor thin film impurity-doped at high concentration. Stoichiometrically stable silicon nitride (Si3N4) thin films as barrier layers which less permeate and less absorb hydrogen in the heat generating temperature range of the heat element are formed above and below the silicon (Si) semiconductor thin film.
摘要翻译:能够减少长期变化的气体流量计包括形成有空腔的硅半导体衬底和通过绝缘膜形成在半导体衬底的空腔上方的加热元件。 热元件是以高浓度杂质掺杂的硅(Si)半导体薄膜。 在硅(Si)半导体薄膜之上和之下形成作为阻碍层的化学计量稳定的氮化硅(Si 3 N 4)薄膜,该阻挡层在热元件的发热温度范围内渗透较少并吸收较少的氢。