Abstract:
A fluid is filtered by passing a stream of fluid through a porous wall of an inlet chamber through a treatment zone filled with treatment material and then through another porous wall into a collecting chamber. The flow from the inlet chamber to the collecting chamber is substantially horizontal and a vertically upwardly directed liquid stream passes through the treatment material at the bottom of the container to entrain particles of the treatment material and lift them to the top of the container to provide for recirculation of the treatment material. The treatment material is regenerated during the circulation with the impurities being removed from the container near the top portion thereof above the treatment material.
Abstract:
A continuous method for producing treated water by utilizing at least three zones containing ion-exchange material in which one zone is utilized as a treating or deionization unit, another zone is utilized for regenerating exhausted ion-exchange material and a third zone is utilized for rinsing the regeneration solution from the ion-exchange material, all three zones being operated simultaneously, and when the ion-exchange material in the deionization zone is exhausted the influent water is then transferred to the rinsing zone and the ion-exchange material in the original deionization zone is then regenerated with a regeneration solution while the ion-exchange material in the original regeneration zone is rinsed. Preferably the rinsing operation is conducted by passing a portion of the deionized water through the regenerated ion-exchange material to rinse the salt solution therefrom. It is also preferred to deionize the water by passing the influent water upwardly through the ionexchange material and to regenerate the ion-exchange material by passing regeneration solution downwardly through said material. Moreover, very good results are obtained if each zone has a freeboard sufficient to allow for expansion of the ion-exchange material and the water to be treated is passed through the ionexchange material at a flow rate sufficient to force and hold the ion-exchange material against the top of the zone and in the freeboard space, thereby preventing said ion-exchange material from being mixed.
Abstract:
IN A CONVENTIONAL CONTINUOUS COUNTERCURRENT ION EXCHANGE RESIN SYSTEMS, WHEREIN THE REGENERATION TANK HAS AN UPPER RESIN INLET, AN UPPER LIQUID OUTLET, A REGENERANT INLET BELOW THE LIQUID OUTLET, SEPARATION LIQUID INLET MEANS BELOW THE REGENERANT INLET, AND A LOWER RESIN OUTLET BELOW THE SEPARATION LIQUID INLET, A METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING RESIN IS PROVIDED WHICH INSURES A CONTINUOUS UPFLOW DURING THE INTRODUCTION OF REGENERANT. THE TANK IS FILLED WITH RESIN, REGENERANT IS INTRODUCED AT THE REGENERANT INLET, AND A SEPARATION LIQUID AND SUPPLEMENTAL SEPARATION LIQUID ARE INTRODUCED AT THE SEPARATION LIQUID INLET MEANS TO PRESSURIZE THE TANK AND COMPACT THE RESIN OUT THROUGH THE RESIN OUTLET. THE INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL SEPARATION LIQUID AND THE REMOVAL OF RESIN FROM THE TANK AND TERMINATED AT ABOUT THE SAME TIME. THE INVENTION ALSO PROVIDES APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD, AND COMPRISING SUPPLEMENTAL SEPARATION LIQUID INLET MEANS COMMUNICATING WITH THE REGENERATION TANK BELOW THE REGENERANT INLET, AND HAVING VALVE MEANS THEREON.
Abstract:
A novel arrangement of fluid nozzles or spargers is positioned in a critical manner above a bed of sludge in the bottom of a settling tank or phase separator, such as that employed in a powdered ion exchange process of water treatment. Operation of the spargers causes a complete 100 percent suspension of the fine particles comprising the sludge thereby making complete removal of the particles by pumping out the suspension possible without the use of any mechanical agitators. Especially adapted in connection with nuclear processes where radioactivity of the sludge creates a problem, not only of suspension but also the necessity for complete 100 percent removal.
Abstract:
A single column contains a moving ion-exchange bed in which the treatments of regeneration, washing and exhaustion are effected simultaneously in three different vertical sections of the column. The successive batches of exchange resins are fed into the bottom of the column so as to bring about the intermittent progression of the bed, and each successive batch of resins is recovered at the top of the column. The rates of flow of the purified liquid, the regenerant flow and the discharged effluent are controlled so that the raw liquid inflow rate automatically adjusts itself to assure that an adequate flow distribution will be maintained in the different sections of the column.
Abstract:
In an ion exchange apparatus such as for the softening or desalting of water, the active column and the combined regenerating and washing columns are interconnected by pipe systems including counterpressure chambers so that spent ion exchange material is recycled from the active column through the regenerating and washing columns and back to the active column with a balanced rate of flow.
Abstract:
1,219,485. Sewage treatment; solid/liquid contact apparatus; ion-exchange. AMERICAN STANDARD Inc. 16 Oct., 1968 [18 Oct., 1967], No. 49155/68. Headings B1D, B1F and B1J. In solid-liquid contacting apparatus, sewage is purified by filtration and/or absorption as it passes upwards through zone 40 of a bed 10 of powdered coal or sand, from inlet pipe 15 to outlet pipe 16, and a fraction of purified sewage is recycled by pump 32 to flow downwards through upper zone 38, to pipe 16, thereby exerting sufficient downward force on the bed to keep zone 40 compacted against the pressure gradient between pipes 15 and 16. A net flow of purified sewage leaves outlet tank 20 over weir 22. The downwardly flowing sewage in zone 38 may be further purified therein. The granular filter medium is progressively replaced, spent medium being withdrawn through rotary valve 44 and fresh medium added to the recycled sewage where it flows through venturi 31. Or the fresh medium may be delivered directly to cylindrical filter housing 12 (Fig. 2, not shown). Inlet and outlet pipes 15, 16 may be replaced by apertures in the housing wall.
Abstract:
1,156,749. Ion-exchange. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE and SOC. GRENOBLOISE D'ETUDES & D'APPLI-CATIONS (HYDRAULIQUES SOGREAH. 18 May, 1967 [20 May, 1966], No. 23203/67. Heading B1J. Liquids to be treated by ion-exchange are admitted to a bed at 2 and are discharged from the sand embedded strainer 3. At the end of a period of treatment an injection of driving fluid at 11 forces the exchange up the column discharging solid at 12 and fluid at 14. The column is replenished from reservoir 9 and when the removal of resin stops a suitable state of equilibrium is reached in the chamber 8. The process of treatment is then repeated.