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    Method of detecting steady-state convergence of a signal
    81.
    发明授权
    Method of detecting steady-state convergence of a signal 失效
    检测信号稳态收敛的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06680607B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-20

    申请号：US10146195

    申请日：2002-05-15

    Applicant: James Craig Smith

    Inventor： James Craig Smith

    IPC: G01R2900

    CPC classification number: G05B5/01 ,  G05B13/024

    Abstract: A method for detecting steady-state convergence of a signal compares a filtered version of the signal or its derivative to a threshold over a given time interval, and a measure of the signal variability is used to tune the filter behavior. In one implementation, the signal is filtered with a high-pass filter, and the cut-off frequency of the filter is adjusted inversely with respect to the measured variability of the signal. In another implementation, the signal derivative is filtered with a low-pass filter, and the cut-off frequency of the filter is adjusted in proportion to the measured variability of the signal. In each case, the variability of the signal is measured by computing a differential of the signal and then smoothing the differential.

    Abstract translation: 用于检测信号的稳态收敛的方法将信号或其导数的滤波版本在给定时间间隔上与阈值进行比较，并且使用信号变异性的度量来调整滤波器行为。 在一个实现中，信号用高通滤波器滤波，并且滤波器的截止频率相对于测量的信号的可变性被相反地调整。 在另一个实施方式中，信号导数用低通滤波器滤波，并且滤波器的截止频率与所测量的信号的可变性成比例地调整。 在每种情况下，通过计算信号的差分，然后平滑差分来测量信号的可变性。

    Model-based position control for a solenoid actuated valve
    82.
    发明授权
    Model-based position control for a solenoid actuated valve 失效

    公开(公告)号：US06565064B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-05-20

    申请号：US09813940

    申请日：2001-03-21

    Applicant: James Craig Smith ,  James F. Sinnamon ,  Robert J. Ewalds

    Inventor： James Craig Smith ,  James F. Sinnamon ,  Robert J. Ewalds

    IPC: F16K3102

    CPC classification number: G05B19/44 ,  G05B2219/41214 ,  G05B2219/41333 ,  G05B2219/41432 ,  G05B2219/42065

    Abstract: An improved position control for a solenoid actuated valve, wherein the solenoid is activated based on the combination of a feed-forward component based on a model of the steady state operation of the valve and a closed-loop feedback component that responds to changes in the commanded position and compensates for any inaccuracy in the steady state model. The method involves a valve characterization procedure in which the actual force generated by the solenoid is measured for various combinations of valve position and solenoid current, resulting in a table of coil current in terms of developed force and valve position. In operation, the model is used to estimate the solenoid force required to achieve the commanded valve position under steady state operating conditions, and a controller addresses the table to obtain a feed-forward coil current command as a function of the commanded valve position and the estimated solenoid force. The feed-forward command is combined with a closed-loop feedback coil current command, which in turn, is used to develop a corresponding PWM duty cycle, given the solenoid temperature and the magnitude of the supply voltage.

    Altitude simulator for dynamometer testing
    83.
    发明授权
    Altitude simulator for dynamometer testing 失效
    用于测功机测试的海拔模拟器

    公开(公告)号：US06561014B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

    申请号：US09694078

    申请日：2000-10-20

    Applicant: James Craig Smith ,  Peter James Maloney ,  Matt Osterhout

    Inventor： James Craig Smith ,  Peter James Maloney ,  Matt Osterhout

    IPC: G01M1500

    CPC classification number: G01M15/00 ,  F01N11/00 ,  G01M15/02

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting dynamometric testing of an internal combustion engine at a test site under a simulated atmospheric pressure that differs substantially from an actual ambient atmospheric pressure existing at the test site. The internal combustion engine has an air inlet for supplying an intake airflow for combustion within the internal combustion engine and an exhaust outlet for exhausting an exhaust flow exiting from the internal combustion engine. The method includes the steps of subjecting the air inlet to the simulated atmospheric pressure, subjecting the exhaust outlet to the simulated atmospheric pressure and operating the internal combustion engine while both of the air inlet and the exhaust outlet are subjected to the simulated atmospheric pressure. The apparatus includes an exhaust pressure controller for maintaining the exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine substantially equal to a determined exhaust pressure during operation of the internal combustion engine and an intake pressure controller for maintaining the air inlet of the internal combustion engine substantially equal to a determined intake pressure during operation of the internal combustion engine.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于在模拟大气压力下在试验部位进行内燃机的测力试验的方法和装置，其显着不同于存在于试验现场的实际环境大气压力。 内燃机具有用于在内燃机内供给用于燃烧的进气气流的空气入口和用于排出从内燃机排出的排气流的排气口。 该方法包括以下步骤：对空气入口进行模拟的大气压力，使排气出口达到模拟的大气压力，并且在空气入口和排气出口都受到模拟的大气压力的同时操作内燃机。 该装置包括排气压力控制器，用于在内燃机的运行期间将内燃机的排气出口基本上等于确定的排气压力，以及用于将内燃机的进气口保持在基本上等于 确定内燃机运转中的进气压力。

    Flow-based control method for an engine control valve
    84.
    发明授权
    Flow-based control method for an engine control valve 失效
    一种用于发动机控制阀的基于流量的控制方法

    公开(公告)号：US06293267B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-25

    申请号：US09532431

    申请日：2000-03-23

    Applicant: James Craig Smith ,  Peter James Maloney

    Inventor： James Craig Smith ,  Peter James Maloney

    IPC: F02M2507

    CPC classification number: F02D41/0077 ,  F02D35/0007 ,  F02D2041/1433 ,  F02M26/47 ,  F02M26/48 ,  F02M26/72 ,  Y02T10/47

    Abstract: An improved control methodology for an engine control valve, in which the valve is positioned in response to a commanded flow rate of the controlled medium. The method involves a valve characterization procedure in which the actual flow rate is measured for various combinations of valve position and pressure ratio across the valve, subject to a standard set of upstream pressure and temperature values. This results in a table of valve position in terms of pressure ratio and standard flow rate—that is, flow rate under the standard upstream pressure and temperature values. In operation, a controller addresses the table to obtain the desired valve position as a function of a determined pressure ratio across the valve, and a desired standard flow rate determined based on the commanded flow rate and the pressure and temperature of the controlled medium upstream of the valve, relative to the standard pressure and temperature values. The required calibration effort is significantly reduced compared to the usual ad-hoc approach, and the control is based on the physical characteristics of the valve so that the commanded flow rate can be scheduled based on engine control considerations. Additionally, the control is modular in nature, which minimizes the re-design and re-calibration efforts required due to changes in system design.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于发动机控制阀的改进的控制方法，其中阀被响应于受控介质的指令流量而定位。 该方法涉及阀门表征程序，其中针对阀门的阀位置和压力​​比的各种组合来测量实际流速，受制于一组标准的上游压力和温度值。 这就产生了压力比和标准流量 - 即在标准上游压力和温度值下的流量的阀门位置表。 在操作中，控制器处理该表以获得所需阀位置，作为跨过该阀的确定的压力比的函数，以及基于所指示的流量和受控介质的压力和温度确定的期望标准流量 阀门相对于标准压力和温度值。 与通常的ad-hoc方法相比，所需的校准工作量显着降低，并且控制基于阀的物理特性，使得可以基于发动机控制考虑来调度指令流量。 此外，该控件本质上是模块化的，这最大限度地减少了由于系统设计的变化所需的重新设计和重新校准工作。

    Integrated inductive components and method of fabricating such components
    85.
    发明授权
    Integrated inductive components and method of fabricating such components 失效
    集成电感元件及其制造方法

    公开(公告)号：US06249039B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-06-19

    申请号：US09151410

    申请日：1998-09-10

    Applicant: Ian Robert Harvey ,  Michael Frederick Ehman ,  Malcolm Randall Harvey ,  James Craig Stephenson

    Inventor： Ian Robert Harvey ,  Michael Frederick Ehman ,  Malcolm Randall Harvey ,  James Craig Stephenson

    IPC: H01L218222

    CPC classification number: H01F17/0006 ,  H01F17/0033 ,  H01F41/042 ,  H01L23/645 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

    Abstract: An inductive component includes a substrate on the surface of which is a lower insulation layer having a shallow concavity or trench, a first plurality of conductive elements formed in the trench, a magnetic core formed over the first plurality of conductive elements, and a second plurality of conductive elements formed over the core. The first and second pluralities of conductive elements are connected to each other so as to form an inductive coil around the core. First and second core insulation layers are disposed between the core and the first and second pluralities of conductive elements, respectively. The component is fabricated by a method in which it is built up in the trench using thin film techniques. A first array of conductors is patterned over the lower insulation layer, and a first core insulation layer is applied over the first conductor array. A magnetic core is formed on top of the first core insulation layer, and a second core insulation layer is applied over the core. A second array of conductors is patterned on top of the second core insulation layer so that the ends of the conductors in the first and second arrays contact each other to form an inductive coil around the core. The formation of either the first or second plurality of conductors may coincide with the formation of the metal conductor layer in the manufacture of a semiconductor integrated circuit, whereby the inductive component can be manufactured as part of the integrated circuit.

    Abstract translation: 一种电感元件包括一个表面上的一个衬底，它是一个具有浅凹槽或沟槽的下绝缘层，形成在沟槽中的第一多个导电元件，形成在该第一多个导电元件上的一个磁芯， 的导电元件形成在芯上。 第一和第二多个导电元件彼此连接，以在芯周围形成感应线圈。 第一和第二芯绝缘层分别设置在芯和第一和第二多个导电元件之间。 该部件通过使用薄膜技术在沟槽中构建的方法制造。 第一导体阵列在下绝缘层上图案化，并且第一芯绝缘层施加在第一导体阵列上。 在第一芯绝缘层的顶部上形成磁芯，并且在芯上施加第二芯绝缘层。 在第二芯绝缘层的顶部上形成第二阵列的导体，使得第一和第二阵列中的导体的端部彼此接触以在芯周围形成感应线圈。 在半导体集成电路的制造中，第一或第二多个导体的形成可与金属导体层的形成重合，由此可以将电感元件制造为集成电路的一部分。

    Fertilizer dispenser
    87.
    发明授权
    Fertilizer dispenser 失效
    肥料分配器

    公开(公告)号：US5178181A

    公开(公告)日：1993-01-12

    申请号：US786706

    申请日：1991-11-01

    Applicant: James Craig

    Inventor： James Craig

    IPC: B01F1/00 ,  B01F5/04

    CPC classification number: B01F5/0496 ,  B01F1/0027 ,  Y10T137/4891

    Abstract: A fertilizer applicator is provided for use with a sprinkler line system. The applicator comprises a fertilizer container with integrally formed internal inlet and outlet tubes. Water is fed through an inlet-outlet tube into the bottom of the fertilizer container, where it dissolves or dilutes some of the solid or liquid fertilizer and forms a leached, concentrated solution. This concentrate continuously rises through the fertilizer and into the outlet tube where it drains downwardly. The concentrate is then diluted with water coming through the inlet-outlet tube including a venturi, the size of which controls the flow rate of the concentrate. The diluted concentrate is then passed into the sprinkler system for application to vegetation. The applicator has a single piece, simplified design, without moving parts, and does not leak fertilizer into the drain. Also, the bore arrangement of the applicator enables the device to be drained and then filled with fertilizer, without fertilizer leakage, followed by running water through the fertilizer at any selected time, and this renders the operation more automatic.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于洒水管线系统的肥料施加器。 涂抹器包括具有整体形成的内部入口和出口管的肥料容器。 水通过入口 - 出口管进入肥料容器的底部，其中它溶解或稀释一些固体或液体肥料并形成浸出的浓缩溶液。 这种浓缩物不断地通过肥料上升到排出管下方的出口管中。 然后将浓缩物用通过入口 - 出口管的水稀释，包括文氏管，其大小控制浓缩物的流速。 然后将稀释的浓缩物进入喷洒系统以施用于植被。 涂抹器具有单件，简化设计，无移动部件，不会将肥料泄漏到排水管中。 此外，涂布器的孔布置使得装置能够排出，然后用肥料填充，没有肥料泄漏，随后在任何选定的时间将水通过肥料，这使得操作更自动化。

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