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公开(公告)号：US6064315A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-16
申请号：US222147
申请日：1998-12-29
申请人： Mark P. Orlassino , Irwin Weitman
发明人： Mark P. Orlassino , Irwin Weitman
摘要： Detection of a zero speed or moving railway vehicle wheel or other metallic object is accomplished by providing a balanced E-core inductive detector. An exciter coil on the center leg of the E-core inductively couples a pair of sensor coils connected in series opposition on the outside legs of the E-core. A voltage detector responsive to unbalancing of the E-core magnetic field by a train wheel or other metallic object is connected to the output of the sensor coils. A zero speed wheel located at the center of the magnetic field is detected by using the output of one of the sensor coils compared with the phase shifted and amplitude adjusted exciter signal. Speed and direction of travel are also determined by monitoring wheel detection output sequencing and timing.
摘要翻译： 检测零速或移动的铁路车辆车轮或其他金属物体是通过提供平衡的E型电感式检测器来实现的。 E型芯的中心支脚上的励磁线圈电感耦合在E型芯的外部支腿上串联连接的一对传感线圈。 响应于通过轮系或其他金属物体对E型磁芯的不平衡的电压检测器连接到传感器线圈的输出端。 与相移和振幅调节的激励器信号相比，通过使用传感器线圈之一的输出来检测位于磁场中心的零速车轮。 速度和行驶方向也可以通过监控车轮检测输出顺序和定时来确定。
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公开(公告)号：US5924652A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-20
申请号：US939777
申请日：1997-09-29
申请人： Forrest H. Ballinger
发明人： Forrest H. Ballinger
CPC分类号： B61L29/286 , B61L1/188
摘要： A reliable and consistent electrical contact path between the rails of a section of railroad track established by the shunting effect of the wheels and axles of a train is ensured by applying time-spaced, short duration electrical pulses to the rails at a voltage level sufficient to overcome poor wheel/rail contact. Each of the pulses is produced by a generator that discharges a capacitor across the rails. The narrow pulse width inductively isolates the pulse generator and associated track section from adjacent stretches of track, and the spacing between pulses further avoids interference with other types of electrical track equipment. A detector responsive to the voltage on the rails disables the pulse generator when the received voltage exceeds a threshold and thus indicates that no train wheels are present in the track section. In a grade crossing warning system, once activated the pulse generator and detector assume the role of the island detection circuit and maintain the crossing warning.
摘要翻译： 通过在列车的车轮和车轴的分流效应下建立的铁路轨道的轨道之间的可靠和一致的电接触路径，通过将时间间隔短的持续时间的电脉冲施加在轨道上，电压水平足以 克服糟糕的车轮/轨道接触。 每个脉冲由发生器产生，该发生器通过轨道放电电容器。 窄脉冲宽度电感地将脉冲发生器和相关的轨道部分与相邻的轨道段隔离，并且脉冲之间的间隔进一步避免了与其他类型的电气轨道设备的干扰。 响应于轨道上的电压的检测器在接收电压超过阈值时禁用脉冲发生器，并且因此表示轨道部分中不存在轮系。 在等级交叉警告系统中，一旦激活脉冲发生器和检测器，就承担岛检测电路的作用，并保持交叉警告。
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公开(公告)号：US5769364A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-23
申请号：US856460
申请日：1997-05-14
申请人： Joseph Cipollone
发明人： Joseph Cipollone
IPC分类号： B61L23/04
CPC分类号： B61L1/188 , B61L23/044
摘要： A track circuit with diagnostic capability differentiates between an occupied track circuit and one in which a conductor of the track circuit (one of the rails) is broken. Transceiver units are provided at the respective ends of the track circuit and operate alternately in transmit and receive modes. The applied voltage and current are measured at the transmitting unit, and the received voltage and current are sensed and measured at the receiving unit. From these measurements made successively as the units alternately transmit and receive, each unit can determine whether the track is available or unavailable and, if unavailable, whether the track has a broken rail. A microprocessor in each unit distinguishes a broken rail from an occupied track when an increase in the applied transmitting voltage at the unit occurs simultaneously with a decrease in each of the other voltage and current measurements.
摘要翻译： 具有诊断功能的轨道电路区分被占用的轨道电路和其中轨道电路（其中一条轨道）的导体被破坏的轨道电路。 收发器单元设置在轨道电路的相应端，并以发送和接收模式交替工作。 在发射单元处测量施加的电压和电流，并在接收单元处感测和测量接收的电压和电流。 随着单元交替发送和接收，连续进行的这些测量，每个单元可以确定轨道是可用还是不可用的，并且如果不可用，轨道是否具有断开的轨道。 当每个单元中的施加的传输电压的增加与每个其它电压和电流测量值的减小同时发生时，每个单元中的微处理器区分断开的轨道与被占用轨道。
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公开(公告)号：US4934633A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US255135
申请日：1988-10-07
IPC分类号： B61L29/28
CPC分类号： B61L29/28
摘要： Warning lights at a railroad grade crossing are energized at a predetermined flash rate when a train is approaching through the use of an essentially fail-safe solid state crossing controller employing circuitry that is active in creating an off condition of the warning lamps. A controller unit operates a pair of warning lamps alternately in synchronism with a warning rate (flash rate) signal having a predetermined repetition rate, such as 55 pulses per minute. When the crossing is safe, an RC circuit in the lamp driver responds to a 500 Hz safe status signal by providing continuous control excitation to a normally conductive lamp switching circuit to maintain the lamps deenergized. In a failure mode, the normal condition of the switching circuit maintains one lamp of each pair continuously energized. Alternate flashing of a lamp pair is accomplished in synchronism with the warning rate signal by alternating an oscillator at the flash rate between two output frequencies and applying the oscillator output as modulation on the supply current to the lamps. Additional lamp pairs are operated by independent control units all responsive to the alternating oscillator output.
摘要翻译： 当火车通过使用本质上故障安全的固态交叉控制器接近时，在铁路坡口处的警示灯以预定的闪光速率被激励，该电路采用有助于产生警告灯的关闭状态的电路。 控制器单元与具有预定重复频率的警告速率（闪光速率）信号同步地交替地操作一对警告灯，例如每分钟55个脉冲。 当交叉路口安全时，灯驱动器中的RC电路通过向正常导通的灯开关电路提供连续的控制激励来响应500Hz的安全状态信号，以保持灯被断电。 在故障模式中，开关电路的正常状态保持每对的一个灯持续通电。 通过以两个输出频率之间的闪光速率交替振荡器并且将振荡器输出作为对电流的供给电流的调制施加到灯来，通过与警告速率信号同步地实现灯对的交替闪烁。 附加的灯对由独立的控制单元操作，全部响应交替的振荡器输出。
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公开(公告)号：US4234922A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-18
申请号：US18167
申请日：1979-03-07
申请人： Calvin D. Wilde , Daniel L. Turner
发明人： Calvin D. Wilde , Daniel L. Turner
CPC分类号： B61C17/12 , B60L15/34 , B60L2200/26 , F02B3/06 , Y02T30/10
摘要： An automatic speed control system for a consist of diesel locomotives conserves fuel by throttling back trailing engines and operating remaining engines at the most efficient throttle position. A control unit in the lead locomotive is operated by the engineer to command control units in equipped trailing locomotives of the consist. In the lead locomotive, depressing a "set speed" push button causes a speed memory to store the existing speed of the consist, and a cutout control signal is generated which is transmitted to trailing units in serial order, i.e., front to rear, by a single spare trainline wire. The control signal has two control voltage levels that increase or decrease with deviations of the speed of the consist from the desired speed in memory. These voltage levels are decoded by each trailing unit and, if power is needed, the engine throttle is set at the most efficient position or, if the locomotive is to be cut out, the throttle is set at a desired minimum position. The trailing units also cause these voltage levels to drop by a fixed amount (equivalent to a predetermined speed increase) as the control signal is conducted by the trainline wire rearwardly in the consist from each trailing unit to the next succeeding trailing unit. In this manner, engines are successively throttled back from the rear of the consist and returned to the higher throttle position from the front to maintain the desired train speed. A hold mode permits the automatic control system to be temporarily disabled without clearing the speed memory or changing the control signal, and depressing a "resume speed" push button on the lead unit reestablishes automatic speed regulation.
摘要翻译： 由柴油机车组成的自动速度控制系统通过节流返回后续发动机并以最有效的节气门位置操作剩余的发动机来节省燃料。 牵引机车中的控制单元由工程师操作，组装后备机车指挥控制单元。 在前置机车中，按下“设定速度”按钮使速度存储器存储组合的现有速度，并且产生切割控制信号，其以串行顺序，即从前到后以 一条备用的火车线。 控制信号具有两个控制电压电平，随着存储器中期望速度的组合速度的偏差而增加或减小。 这些电压电平由每个拖尾单元解码，并且如果需要功率，则将发动机节气门设置在最有效的位置，或者如果要切断机车，则将节气门设置在期望的最小位置。 尾随单元还使得这些电压电平下降固定量（相当于预定速度增加），因为控制信号由列车线路在从每个拖尾单元到下一个后续单元的组合中向后传导。 以这种方式，发动机从组合件的后部连续地节流回来并从前面返回到更高的节气门位置以保持所需的列车速度。 保持模式允许在不清除速度存储器或改变控制信号的情况下临时禁用自动控制系统，并且按下引导单元上的“恢复速度”按钮重新建立自动调速。
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公开(公告)号：US5586736A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-24
申请号：US491247
申请日：1995-06-16
申请人： Samuel R. Mollet
发明人： Samuel R. Mollet
CPC分类号： B61L3/221
摘要： Apparatus for sensing coded cab current information in a high level noise environment, caused by the magnetic fields of AC traction motors employed in the locomotive, utilizes pickup coils each having an upright axis and an axially extending, ferrite core. The coils are employed in pairs on a common magnetic structure located over an underlying rail, the coils being spaced apart horizontally and transversely of the rail. Magnetic flux resulting from the cab current is directed in opposite axial directions through the coils, whereas magnetic flux produced by the AC traction motors is directed through the coils in the same axial directions. This results in the addition of the voltages induced in the coils by the cab current, and voltage subtraction in response to the interfering magnetic field produced by the AC motors.
摘要翻译： 用于感测由在机车中使用的AC牵引电动机的磁场引起的高级噪声环境中的编码驾驶室电流信息的装置利用每个具有直立轴和轴向延伸的铁氧体磁芯的拾取线圈。 线圈成对地用于位于下面的轨道上的公共磁性结构上，线圈水平地和横向地与轨道间隔开。 由驾驶室电流产生的磁通量通过线圈在相反的轴向方向上引导，而由AC牵引电动机产生的磁通量以相同轴向方向被引导通过线圈。 这导致通过驾驶室电流增加在线圈中感应的电压以及响应于由AC电动机产生的干扰磁场的电压减法。
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公开(公告)号：US4868538A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US254971
申请日：1988-10-07
IPC分类号： B61L29/28
CPC分类号： B61L29/286
摘要： An island circuit detects the presence of a train on a crossing island, and, in response, de-energizes a normally energized relay to activate a warning. A random signature signal is generated and transmitted through the rails from a transmitter to a receiver connected to the rails on either side of the island. If a train is present within the island, the wheels and axles form an electrical shunt, preventing the receiver from detecting the transmitted signal. The circuit employs solid state micro-electronic components and ancillary components, and embedded software for controlling and monitoring the circuit functions. The random signature signal is characterized by a relatively high voltage level but a low duty cycle on the order of ten percent, and has three variables: (1) frequency; (2) duration time of the pulse, or burst, of the signal; and (3) the delay between successive bursts. Each of the three variables randomly assumes any one of eight different discrete values. Each time a signal is received, the detector checks to determine whether the received signal matches the transmitted signature signal. If three consecutive transmitted and received signals do not match, the island warning device is activated, and then five consecutive matched signals are required to reset the system and cancel the island warning. This feature allows the island circuit to discriminate against signals from other island circuits or recover from a temporary malfunction, and return to normal operation.
摘要翻译： 岛电路检测交叉岛上的列车的存在，并且作为响应，使正常通电的继电器断电以激活警告。 生成随机签名信号并通过轨道从发射机传输到连接到岛两侧轨道的接收机。 如果列车在岛内存在，则车轮和车轴形成电气分流，防止接收机检测到发射信号。 该电路采用固态微电子元件和辅助元件，以及用于控制和监控电路功能的嵌入式软件。 随机签名信号的特征在于相对较高的电压电平，但是低占空比大约为10％，并且具有三个变量：（1）频率; （2）信号的脉冲或脉冲串的持续时间; 和（3）连续突发之间的延迟。 三个变量中的每一个随机地假设有八个不同离散值中的任何一个。 每次接收到信号时，检测器检查以确定接收到的信号是否与发送的签名信号相匹配。 如果三个连续的发送和接收信号不匹配，则岛上警告装置被激活，然后需要五个连续匹配的信号来复位系统并取消岛屿警告。 该特征允许岛电路鉴别来自其他岛电路的信号或从临时故障中恢复，并返回到正常操作。
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公开(公告)号：US4581700A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-08
申请号：US637911
申请日：1984-08-06
CPC分类号： B61L29/226 , B61L29/284 , B61L29/30
摘要： A railroad train moving along an approach to a grade crossing (or other location of interest) is detected by apparatus that is responsive to the change in effective track impedance caused by the moving shunt. A constant current AC signal is applied to the track adjacent the crossing, and the resulting voltage changed in amplitude and phase is picked off by a receiver on the opposite side of the crossing. Voltage and current information derived from these signals is inputted to a microcomputer which calculates the track impedance and determines whether or not a warning device or devices at the crossing should be activated. Such determination is made on a repetitive basis in accordance with a repeating program loop and stored in memory. To assure that the system is failsafe, the program loop is interrupted at predetermined intervals and an interrupt service routine checks the memory address at which the determination is stored and causes an independent computer output to change state each time the memory is checked and activation of the warning is not required. Accordingly, the independent output is toggled to produce an AC output signal, the loss of which initiates activation of the warning. The program executes each loop in a fixed time period which is monitored, and if the program is not executed within such period, the system is forced to reset and the warning is activated until the proper time constraints are again met. A self check also assures that the system will respond to the loss of the AC output signal.
摘要翻译： 通过对由移动分路引起的有效轨道阻抗的变化作出响应的装置来检测沿着接近坡度交叉点（或其他感兴趣的位置）移动的铁路列车。 恒定电流AC信号被施加到与交叉点相邻的轨道上，并且所得到的振幅和相位变化的电压被交叉点的相对侧上的接收器拾取。 从这些信号导出的电压和电流信息被输入到计算轨道阻抗的微型计算机，并且确定是否应激活交叉路口处的警告装置或装置。 这种确定是根据重复的程序循环重复进行的并存储在存储器中。 为了确保系统故障安全，程序循环以预定间隔中断，并且中断服务程序检查存储确定的存储器地址，并且使得独立计算机输出在每次检查存储器时改变状态，并激活 不需要警告。 因此，独立输出被切换以产生AC输出信号，其损失启动警告的激活。 该程序在被监视的固定时间段内执行每个循环，并且如果程序在这样的时间段内没有被执行，则系统被强制复位，并且在再次满足适当的时间限制之前激活该警告。 自检也可确保系统对AC输出信号的丢失作出响应。
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公开(公告)号：US5628479A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US571065
申请日：1995-12-12
申请人： Forrest H. Ballinger
发明人： Forrest H. Ballinger
CPC分类号： B61L1/165
摘要： A vital wheel detector for railways injects an oscillating electrical current into a short rail segment and produces a monitor signal in response the magnetic field around the rail. A high Q pickup coil is employed which, when a car wheel is present on the rail segment, sharply decreases in Q and significantly reduces the level of the monitor signal. Any failure of the detector apparatus is in a safe mode, as a loss of rail current results in a loss of the monitor signal whether through an electrical or a mechanical failure. Also, internal mechanical or electrical failures either interrupt the current to the rail or interrupt transmission of the monitor signal to the processing logic.
摘要翻译： 用于铁路的重要车轮检测器将振荡电流注入短轨段，并响应轨道周围的磁场产生监测信号。 使用高Q拾取线圈，当车轮存在于轨道段上时，Q的急剧下降并显着降低监视信号的电平。 检测器装置的任何故障处于安全模式，因为轨道电流的损失导致监视信号的损失，无论是通过电还是机械故障。 此外，内部机械或电气故障会将电流中断到轨道，或将监控信号中断传输到处理逻辑。
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公开(公告)号：US5628478A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-13
申请号：US381438
申请日：1995-01-31
申请人： Lee A. McConnel , John H. Johnson
发明人： Lee A. McConnel , John H. Johnson
CPC分类号： B61L3/24
摘要： Inductive pickups for sensing coded cab current information employ short ferrite cores and exhibit a pronounced roll-off characteristic to provide a detection system that may be used with locomotives powered by alternating current traction motors. Desired response is enhanced by connecting the inductors in phase in a tuned circuit and by employing a cancelling coil in phase opposition that receives interfering motor noise but is insensitive to the coded information.
摘要翻译： 用于感测编码的驾驶室电流信息的感应拾取器采用短的铁氧体磁芯，并且具有明显的滚降特性，以提供可用于由交流牵引电动机驱动的机车的检测系统。 通过在调谐电路中同相连接电感器并且通过采用接收干扰电机噪声但对编码信息不敏感的相位相反的取消线圈来增强期望的响应。
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