摘要:
Unexpected corrosion of downstream sections of a dialkyl carbonate manufacturing apparatus has been traced to alkyl chloroformate impurities, which slowly decompose to yield hydrochloric acid. An improved process and apparatus for dialkyl carbonate synthesis reduce corrosion by physically removing or chemically decomposing the alkyl chloroformate impurities within the corrosion-resistant upstream sections of the apparatus.
摘要:
Unexpected corrosion of downstream sections of a dialkyl carbonate manufacturing apparatus has been traced to alkyl chloroformate impurities, which slowly decompose to yield hydrochloric acid. An improved process and apparatus for dialkyl carbonate synthesis reduce corrosion by physically removing or chemically decomposing the alkyl chloroformate impurities within the corrosion-resistant upstream sections of the apparatus. The alkyl chloroformate may be decomposed by passing it through a passageway at a temperature of about 30 C to about 130° C. for a time of about 0.5 hour to about 10 hours. The passageway may include one or more holding vessels or a tubular section that promotes plug flow.
摘要:
Organic carbonates: ##STR1## and cyclic organic carbonates: ##STR2## are prepared by reacting an alcohol (R--OH), or respectively a diol (HO--R'--OH), with carbon monoxide, in the presence of:a halogen, ora halogen and/or a halide ion and an oxidizing agent.
摘要:
A method is described for the preparation of 1-octene starting from butadiene, wherein in a first step (a) the bis-hydrodimerization of butadiene to 1,7-octadiene is effected in the presence of a catalyst based on palladium containing one or more tri-substituted monodentate phosphines, in an aprotic polar solvent, in a second step (b) the partial catalytic hydrogenation of 1,7-octadiene to 1-octene is effected in the presence of a titanium compound activated with one or more metal alkyls of group 13 (selected from boron, aluminum, gallium, indium).
摘要:
Unexpected corrosion of downstream sections of a dialkyl carbonate manufacturing apparatus has been traced to alkyl chloroformate impurities, which slowly decompose to yield hydrochloric acid. An improved process and apparatus for dialkyl carbonate synthesis reduce corrosion by physically removing or chemically decomposing the alkyl chloroformate impurities within the corrosion-resistant upstream sections of the apparatus.
摘要:
Acidic and salt impurities are removed from a condensed phase obtained from dimethyl carbonate synthesis by obtaining the condensed phase from the effluent of a reactor in which carbon monoxide, oxygen and methanol are reacted to form dimethyl carbonate, the condensed phase containing acid and salt impurities, and partially evaporating the condensed phase in an evaporator thereby preparing an evaporated stream substantially free of impurities and a residual bottom stream.
摘要:
Process for the conversion of lignin to liquid hydro-carbons comprising: subjecting the lignin to hydrogenolysis in the presence of at least one hydrogenolysis catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 250° C. to 350° C., preferably ranging from 290° C. to 320 ° C., so as to obtain depolymerized lignin; subjecting said depolymerized lignin to hydrotreating so as to obtain a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Said liquid hydrocarbons can be used as such (biofuels) for the production of reformulated gasolines, or they can be used for the production of gasolines or of gas oils through conventional refining processes.
摘要:
Process in two steps for the preparation of 1-octene starting from butadiene which comprises: a first step (a) in which the bis-hydrodimerization of butadiene to 1,7-octadiene is effected in the presence of a catalyst based on a palladium complex containing one or more tri-substituted monodentate phosphines, in an aprotic polar solvent optionally containing an organic base; a second step (b) in which the partial catalytic hydrogenation of 1,7-octadiene to 1-octene is effected, the above process being characterized in that: (i) in the first step the aprotic polar solvent is selected from disubstituted cyclic ureas; (ii) in the second step the catalyst is selected from non supported ruthenium complexes having general formula (II): RuXmLn (II).
摘要翻译:从丁二烯开始制备1-辛烯的两步法,其包括:第一步骤(a),其中丁二烯至1,7-辛二烯的双加氢二聚在催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂基于钯络合物 含有一种或多种三取代的单齿膦,任选地含有有机碱的非质子极性溶剂; 其中进行1,7-辛二烯部分催化氢化至1-辛烯的第二步(b),上述方法的特征在于:(i)在第一步中,非质子极性溶剂选自二取代的环脲 ; (ii)在第二步中,催化剂选自具有通式(II)的非负载钌络合物:RuX m L(II)。
摘要:
Process in two steps for the preparation of 1-octene starting from butadiene which comprises: a first step (a) in which the bis-hydrodimerization of butadiene to 1,7-octadiene is effected in the presence of a catalyst based on a palladium complex containing one or more tri-substituted monodentate phosphines, in an aprotic polar solvent optionally containing an organic base; a second step (b) in which the partial catalytic hydrogenation of 1,7-octadiene to 1-octene is effected, the above process being characterized in that: (i) in the first step the aprotic polar solvent is selected from disubstituted cyclic ureas; (ii) in the second step the catalyst is selected from non supported ruthenium complexes having general formula (II): RuXmLn (II).
摘要翻译:从丁二烯开始制备1-辛烯的方法分为两步,其包括:第一步(a),其中丁二烯至1,7-辛二烯的双加氢二聚在催化剂存在下进行,所述催化剂基于钯络合物 含有一种或多种三取代的单齿膦,任选地含有有机碱的非质子极性溶剂; 其中进行1,7-辛二烯部分催化氢化至1-辛烯的第二步(b),上述方法的特征在于:(i)在第一步中,非质子极性溶剂选自二取代的环脲 ; (ii)在第二步中,催化剂选自具有通式(II)的非负载钌络合物:RuX m L(II)。
摘要:
Catalytic procedure for the preparation of an organic carbonate having general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl radical, linear or branched, or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl radical; or of a cyclic organic carbonate having general formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R' represents a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene radical, linear or branched; including the reacting of an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic alcohol having general formula (III):R--OH (III)or an aliphatic diol having general formula (IV):HO--R'--OH (IV)wherein R and R' have the meaning described above, with carbon monoxide and oxygen, in the presence of a catalyst composed of a cobalt(II) or cobalt(III) ion and an organic binder containing at least one oxygen atom, characterized in that the process is carried out in the presence of at least one reaction coadjuvant selected from the following groups of linear or cyclic compounds: ureas, nitriles, amides, phosphoramides, sulphones, sulphoxides, carbamates.