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公开(公告)号：US4095955A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-20
申请号：US683518
申请日：1976-05-05
CPC分类号： C10L9/02
摘要： Fine particles of a solid carbonaceous fuel of the coal or coke type are treated to reduce their content of undesired constituents at least including sulfur or ash or both. The treatment comprises forming a mixture of the fuel particles with a liquid aqueous leaching solution, containing one or more cations selected from Groups IA and IIA of the periodic table, which is effective to dissolve the undesired constituents. The mixture is exposed to temperatures in the range of about 150.degree. to 375.degree. C under a pressure of at least the autogeneous steam pressure until the solution has dissolved the undesired constituents of the fuel to such an extent that the undesired constituent content of the fuel particles has been reduced to less than a desired limit. The major portion of the solution is then separated from the fuel particles under temperature and pressure conditions and within a time period such that the amount of the undesired constituents dissolved in the solution is not substantially reduced by precipitation, adsorption on the fuel particles, or chemical recombination therewith. The separation is typically carried out by filtering the solution to remove the solid fuel particles. The temperature of the mixture is typically maintained in the range of about 100.degree. to 375.degree. C during the separation step, desirably at about the same temperature and pressure as those used during the dissolving step.
摘要翻译： 处理煤或焦炭类型的固体碳质燃料的细颗粒以减少其至少包括硫或灰分或两者的不期望成分的含量。 处理包括形成燃料颗粒与液体含水浸出溶液的混合物，其中含有一种或多种选自元素周期表IA和IIA族的阳离子，其有效溶解不期望的组分。 将混合物在至少自动蒸汽压力的压力下暴露于约150℃至375℃的温度下，直到溶液将不期望的燃料成分溶解到燃料的不期望的组分含量 颗粒已经减少到小于期望的极限。 然后将溶液的主要部分在温度和压力条件下和在一段时间内与燃料颗粒分离，使得溶解在溶液中的不期望的组分的量通过沉淀，燃料颗粒或化学品上的吸附基本上不会降低 与其重组。 分离通常通过过滤溶液以除去固体燃料颗粒来进行。 在分离步骤期间，混合物的温度通常保持在约100至375℃的范围内，理想地在与溶解步骤期间相同的温度和压力下保持。
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公开(公告)号：US4055400A
公开(公告)日：1977-10-25
申请号：US565454
申请日：1975-04-07
CPC分类号： C10L9/02
摘要： A method of extracting a substantial proportion of the pyritic, organic, and sulfate sulfur compounds and ash present in a solid carbonaceous fuel of the coal or coke type comprising mixing the fuel with an aqueous alkaline solution containing a sodium, calcium, or ammonium carbonate, hydroxide, sulfide, or hydrosulfide, or a plurality thereof, heating the resulting mixture to at least about 125.degree. C at a pressure of at least about 25 psig to leach out the sulfur compounds and ash, separating the easily removable leached out materials from the remainder of the fuel, and washing said remainder of the fuel. The concentration of alkali in the solution typically is about 1 to 35 percent by weight, and the mixture typically is heated for at least about 5 minutes at about 350.degree. C, about 1 hour at 300.degree. C, about 2 hours at 250.degree. C, about 4 hours at 200.degree. C, about 10 hours at about 125.degree. C, or for at least a time approximately proportionately between the foregoing times at an intermediate temperature. The pressure may be provided at least in part by oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen plus nitrogen, or hydrogen plus nitrogen.
摘要翻译： 一种提取煤或焦炭类固体碳质燃料中存在的黄铁矿，有机硫酸盐硫酸盐化合物和灰分的大部分的方法，包括将燃料与含有碳酸钠，碳酸钙或碳酸铵的碱性水溶液混合， 氢氧化物，硫化物或氢硫化物，或其多个，将所得混合物在至少约25psig的压力下加热至至少约125℃，以将硫化合物和灰分浸出，将容易除去的沥滤材料与 剩余的燃料，并洗涤剩余的燃料。 溶液中碱的浓度通常为约1-35重量％，并且混合物通常在约350℃下加热至少约5分钟，在300℃下加热约1小时，在250℃下加热约2小时 在200℃下约4小时，在约125℃下约10小时，或在中间温度下大约比例地在上述时间之间成比例的时间。 压力可以至少部分地由氧，氢，氮，氧加氮或氢加氮提供。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5133947A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US487313
申请日：1990-03-02
CPC分类号： C22B34/32 , B22F9/24 , C01G37/02 , C01P2002/85 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2006/80
摘要： Disclosed is a method of making particle which comprise hydrous trivalent chromium oxide having the empirical formula CrO.sub.2 H intimately associated with a pulverulent carbonaceous substrate. A composition is formed which comprises an aqueous solution of water-soluble hexavalent chromium compound and a reducing agent in an amount sufficient to reduce the hexavalent chromium compound to the hydrous trivalent chromium oxide and to reduce the hydrous trivalent chromium oxide to metallic chromium. The reducing agent comprises a water-insoluble pulverulent carbonaceous substrate. Chrome metal can be made by heating the particles at a temperature of about 1100.degree. to about 1400.degree. C.
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公开(公告)号：US4280817A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-28
申请号：US162979
申请日：1980-06-25
CPC分类号： C10L9/10 , C10J3/00 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/723 , C10L9/02 , C10J2300/0906 , C10J2300/0909 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0996 , Y10S44/905
摘要： A process for treating solid particles (66) of a raw carbonaceous fuel (62) such as coal having an original sulfur content comprises producing (at 68) a slurry (74) of a quantity of the raw fuel particles and a liquid medium (70) comprising water, at least one alkali metal compound including a substantial amount of sodium or potassium sulfide or polysulfide or a combination thereof, and a catalytic agent (72) comprising calcium or magnesium oxide or carbonate, or dolomite. The slurry is subjected (in 78) for an effective period of time to elevated temperature and pressure effective with the alkali metal compounds and water to cause the medium to penetrate the microscopic structure of the particles and to chemically and physically incorporate a substantial amount of the catalytic agent into the structure. The readily separable medium is separated (at 84) from the fuel particles and the particles are washed (at 84,106) to produce a particulate fuel product (88,110) containing the incorporated catalytic agent. A substantial portion (90,94) of the separated medium is added (at 70) to the slurry produced as above. A sufficient quantity of the catalytic agent is added (at 72) to the medium or the slurry to replace the catalytic agent removed from the slurry with the particulate fuel product. More raw fuel particles (66) are added to the medium or the slurry. The foregoing steps are carried out continually with a multiplicity of new additions of the raw fuel particles and with a multiplicity of reuses of the separated medium to produce fuel product particles (88,110) containing a quantity of sulfur that is not less than the original sulfur content, in addition to the catalytic agent.
摘要翻译： 用于处理具有原始硫含量的原料碳质燃料（62）的固体颗粒（66）的方法包括：（68）生产一定量的原燃料颗粒和液体介质（70）的浆料（68） ）包括水，至少一种碱金属化合物，包括大量的硫化钠或硫化钠或硫化物或其组合，以及包含钙或氧化镁或碳酸盐或白云石的催化剂（72）。 将浆料（在78℃中）经历有效的时间段，以升高的温度和压力与碱金属化合物和水有效，使介质穿透颗粒的微观结构，并化学和物理地掺入大量的 催化剂进入结构。 容易分离的介质与燃料颗粒分离（在84℃），并且颗粒被洗涤（在84,106处）以产生含有所结合的催化剂的颗粒燃料产物（88,110）。 将分离的介质的大部分（90,94）（70）加入到如上制备的浆料中。 向培养基或浆料中加入足量的催化剂（在72℃）以用颗粒燃料产物代替从浆料中除去的催化剂。 将更多的原燃料颗粒（66）加入到介质或浆料中。 上述步骤连续地进行了多次新添加的原燃料颗粒和多次再分配的介质，以产生含有不少于原始硫含量的硫的燃料产物颗粒（88,110） ，除了催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4121910A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US816397
申请日：1977-07-18
申请人： Edgel P. Stambaugh
发明人： Edgel P. Stambaugh
CPC分类号： C10L9/086 , C10L9/00 , Y10S208/952
摘要： A method of treating a solid carbonaceous material comprising essentially lignite or bituminous or subbituminous coal to provide therefrom finely dispersed solid particles substantially free of ash and sulfur, by mixing the solid material with a liquid aqueous alkaline solution comprising essentially a sodium, potassium, or ammonium hydroxide, hydrosulfide, or carbonate, or a plurality thereof; dissolving the material by heating the resulting mixture to a temperature in the range of about 125.degree. C to the critical temperature, at a pressure of at least about 25 psig, while maintaining a substantial portion of the mixture in the liquid state; separating from the resulting solution any undissolved coal, ash, and other solids; reducing the pH of the solution to less than about 9 to precipitate therefrom a powder comprising the carbonaceous material, with a substantial proportion of the ash and sulfur that had been in the starting material now remaining in solution; and separating the precipitated powder from the solution. Typically either the pH of the solution is gradually reduced to less than about 2 during a time of at least about 5 minutes, or the precipitated powder is washed with an acid solution having a pH of less than about 2.
摘要翻译： 通过将固体材料与基本上含有钠，钾或铵的液体碱性水溶液混合来处理基本上由褐煤或烟煤或次烟煤组成的固体碳质材料的方法，从而提供基本上不含灰分和硫的精细分散的固体颗粒。 氢氧化物，氢硫化物或碳酸盐，或其多个; 通过将所得混合物加热至约125℃至临界温度至少约25psig的压力，同时将大部分混合物保持在液态，使材料溶解; 从所得溶液中分离出任何未溶解的煤，灰分和其他固体; 将溶液的pH降低到小于约9以从其中沉淀出包含碳质材料的粉末，其中原料中已存在的灰分和硫的大部分现在保留在溶液中; 并将沉淀的粉末与溶液分离。 通常在至少约5分钟的时间内将溶液的pH逐渐降低至小于约2，或者用pH小于约2的酸溶液洗涤沉淀的粉末。
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公开(公告)号：US4092125A
公开(公告)日：1978-05-30
申请号：US754153
申请日：1976-12-27
CPC分类号： C10L9/02 , C10J3/00 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/0943 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/0973 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/0986 , C10J2300/0996 , C10J2300/1807 , C10J2300/1884 , C10J2300/1892 , Y10S44/905
摘要： A method of treating fine particles of solid carbonaceous fuel of the coal or coke type that comprises mixing the fuel particles with a liquid aqueous solution comprising essentially (a) sodium, potassium, or lithium hydroxide together with (b) calcium, magnesium, or barium hydroxide or carbonate, or a plurality thereof, with a ratio of (a) to the fuel of about 0.04 to 0.70 (typically 0.10 to 0.35) by weight, a ratio of (b) to the fuel of about 0.02 to 0.30 (typically 0.08 to 0.20) by weight, and a ratio of water to the fuel of about 1 to 10 (typically 2 to 5) by weight; heating the resulting mixture, at an elevated pressure, to a temperature of about 150.degree. to 375.degree. C (typically 175.degree. to 300.degree. C) in such a manner as to improve the usefulness of the fuel particles; and cooling to below about 100.degree. C. The cooled mixture either is dried or filtered to separate the fuel particles from the solution, the particles then being washed and dried. The filtered solution is regenerated so that it can be again mixed with unreacted fuel particles. The solution typically comprises essentially sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide or carbonate, and may comprise also magnesium hydroxide or carbonate.
摘要翻译： 一种处理煤或焦炭类型的固体碳质燃料的细颗粒的方法，包括将燃料颗粒与基本上（a）钠，钾或氢氧化锂一起混合的液体水溶液与（b）钙，镁或钡 氢氧化物或碳酸盐或其多个，（a）与燃料的比例为约0.04至0.70（通常为0.10至0.35）重量比，（b）与燃料的比例为约0.02至0.30（通常为0.08 至0.20），水与燃料的比例为约1至10（通常为2至5）（重量比）; 将所得混合物在升高的压力下加热至约150至375℃（通常为175℃至300℃）的温度，以改善燃料颗粒的有用性; 并冷却至低于约100℃。将冷却的混合物干燥或过滤以将燃料颗粒与溶液分离，然后将颗粒洗涤并干燥。 过滤的溶液被再生，使得其可以再次与未反应的燃料颗粒混合。 溶液通常基本上包含氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙或碳酸盐，并且还可包含氢氧化镁或碳酸盐。
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公开(公告)号：US4619817A
公开(公告)日：1986-10-28
申请号：US716428
申请日：1985-03-27
IPC分类号： C01G25/02 , C04B35/486
CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 , C01G25/02 , C04B35/486 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/50 , C01P2004/61 , C01P2004/64 , C01P2006/60 , C01P2006/80
摘要： The invention is characterized by two main methods of producing stabilized or partially stabilized zirconia powders with controlled particle size by use of complexing agents and hydrothermal treatment. A further embodiment of the invention is characterized by a combination of the first two methods to produce powders containing more than one major particle size. The invention also allows use of low cost readily available starting material, controlled doping level and incorporation of dual constituents such as MgO, CaO; Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO; or Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO in the structure for production of stabilized zirconia. Triply stabilized zirconia containing Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO and CaO may also be produced. A final embodiment of the invention allows the production of dually and triply stabilized zirconia by hydrothermal treatment without the use of complexing agents.
摘要翻译： 本发明的特征在于通过使用络合剂和水热处理制备具有受控粒度的稳定或部分稳定的氧化锆粉末的两种主要方法。 本发明的另一个实施方案的特征在于前两种方法的组合以产生含有多于一种主要粒度的粉末。 本发明还允许使用低成本易得的起始材料，受控的掺杂水平和双组分如MgO，CaO的掺入; Y2O3，MgO; 或Y2O3，CaO在稳定氧化锆生产的结构中。 也可以生产含有Y 2 O 3，MgO和CaO的三稳态氧化锆。 本发明的最终实施方案允许通过水热处理生产双重和三重稳定的氧化锆，而不使用络合剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4321236A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-23
申请号：US232057
申请日：1981-02-05
IPC分类号： C22B3/00 , C01G23/053 , C22B34/12 , C01G23/02
CPC分类号： C22B34/12 , C01G23/0536 , C22B34/1245 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process for beneficiating titaniferous material whereby formation of fines during leaching of the titaniferous material is minimized. The titaniferous material and mineral acid reactants each are heated to an elevated temperature prior to admixing in the leaching operation. The heated reactants then are admixed in a leaching zone and further heated to a leaching temperature of from about 110.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. The preheating causes at least a portion of the acid-soluble titanium values in the titaniferous material to be hydrolyzed upon dissolution and to form an acid-insoluble precipitate. At least a portion of the precipitate is caused to deposit upon the titaniferous material such that fines or slime formation in the leach liquor is minimized. The leaching is continued for a sufficient time to dissolve most of the acid-soluble impurities contained in the titaniferous material. The solid residue remaining in the leaching zone is recovered as the beneficiated product.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的含钛材料的改进方法，因此在含钛材料浸出过程中细粉的形成最小化。 在浸出操作中混合之前，将含钛材料和无机酸反应物各自加热至升高的温度。 然后将加热的反应物混合在浸出区中，并进一步加热至约110℃至约150℃的浸出温度。预热使得含钛材料中至少一部分酸溶性钛值为 在溶解时水解并形成酸不溶性沉淀。 使沉淀物的至少一部分沉积在含钛材料上，使得浸出液中的细粉或粘泥形成最小化。 浸出持续足够的时间以溶解含钛材料中所含的大部分酸溶性杂质。 残留在浸出区中的固体残渣作为精选产品回收。
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