公开(公告)号：US4280817A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US162979

申请日：1980-06-25

申请人： Satya P. Chauhan ,  Herman F. Feldmann ,  Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Ke-Tien Liu

发明人： Satya P. Chauhan ,  Herman F. Feldmann ,  Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Ke-Tien Liu

IPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10L9/02 ,  C10L9/10

CPC分类号： C10L9/10 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10L9/02 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  Y10S44/905

摘要： A process for treating solid particles (66) of a raw carbonaceous fuel (62) such as coal having an original sulfur content comprises producing (at 68) a slurry (74) of a quantity of the raw fuel particles and a liquid medium (70) comprising water, at least one alkali metal compound including a substantial amount of sodium or potassium sulfide or polysulfide or a combination thereof, and a catalytic agent (72) comprising calcium or magnesium oxide or carbonate, or dolomite. The slurry is subjected (in 78) for an effective period of time to elevated temperature and pressure effective with the alkali metal compounds and water to cause the medium to penetrate the microscopic structure of the particles and to chemically and physically incorporate a substantial amount of the catalytic agent into the structure. The readily separable medium is separated (at 84) from the fuel particles and the particles are washed (at 84,106) to produce a particulate fuel product (88,110) containing the incorporated catalytic agent. A substantial portion (90,94) of the separated medium is added (at 70) to the slurry produced as above. A sufficient quantity of the catalytic agent is added (at 72) to the medium or the slurry to replace the catalytic agent removed from the slurry with the particulate fuel product. More raw fuel particles (66) are added to the medium or the slurry. The foregoing steps are carried out continually with a multiplicity of new additions of the raw fuel particles and with a multiplicity of reuses of the separated medium to produce fuel product particles (88,110) containing a quantity of sulfur that is not less than the original sulfur content, in addition to the catalytic agent.

摘要翻译： 用于处理具有原始硫含量的原料碳质燃料（62）的固体颗粒（66）的方法包括：（68）生产一定量的原燃料颗粒和液体介质（70）的浆料（68） ）包括水，至少一种碱金属化合物，包括大量的硫化钠或硫化钠或硫化物或其组合，以及包含钙或氧化镁或碳酸盐或白云石的催化剂（72）。 将浆料（在78℃中）经历有效的时间段，以升高的温度和压力与碱金属化合物和水有效，使介质穿透颗粒的微观结构，并化学和物理地掺入大量的 催化剂进入结构。 容易分离的介质与燃料颗粒分离（在84℃），并且颗粒被洗涤（在84,106处）以产生含有所结合的催化剂的颗粒燃料产物（88,110）。 将分离的介质的大部分（90,94）（70）加入到如上制备的浆料中。 向培养基或浆料中加入足量的催化剂（在72℃）以用颗粒燃料产物代替从浆料中除去的催化剂。 将更多的原燃料颗粒（66）加入到介质或浆料中。 上述步骤连续地进行了多次新添加的原燃料颗粒和多次再分配的介质，以产生含有不少于原始硫含量的硫的燃料产物颗粒（88,110） ，除了催化剂。

公开(公告)号：US4092125A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-30

申请号：US754153

申请日：1976-12-27

申请人： Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C10L9/10 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/72 ,  C10L9/02 ,  C10B57/00

CPC分类号： C10L9/02 ,  C10J3/00 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0986 ,  C10J2300/0996 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S44/905

摘要： A method of treating fine particles of solid carbonaceous fuel of the coal or coke type that comprises mixing the fuel particles with a liquid aqueous solution comprising essentially (a) sodium, potassium, or lithium hydroxide together with (b) calcium, magnesium, or barium hydroxide or carbonate, or a plurality thereof, with a ratio of (a) to the fuel of about 0.04 to 0.70 (typically 0.10 to 0.35) by weight, a ratio of (b) to the fuel of about 0.02 to 0.30 (typically 0.08 to 0.20) by weight, and a ratio of water to the fuel of about 1 to 10 (typically 2 to 5) by weight; heating the resulting mixture, at an elevated pressure, to a temperature of about 150.degree. to 375.degree. C (typically 175.degree. to 300.degree. C) in such a manner as to improve the usefulness of the fuel particles; and cooling to below about 100.degree. C. The cooled mixture either is dried or filtered to separate the fuel particles from the solution, the particles then being washed and dried. The filtered solution is regenerated so that it can be again mixed with unreacted fuel particles. The solution typically comprises essentially sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide or carbonate, and may comprise also magnesium hydroxide or carbonate.

摘要翻译： 一种处理煤或焦炭类型的固体碳质燃料的细颗粒的方法，包括将燃料颗粒与基本上（a）钠，钾或氢氧化锂一起混合的液体水溶液与（b）钙，镁或钡 氢氧化物或碳酸盐或其多个，（a）与燃料的比例为约0.04至0.70（通常为0.10至0.35）重量比，（b）与燃料的比例为约0.02至0.30（通常为0.08 至0.20），水与燃料的比例为约1至10（通常为2至5）（重量比）; 将所得混合物在升高的压力下加热至约150至375℃（通常为175℃至300℃）的温度，以改善燃料颗粒的有用性; 并冷却至低于约100℃。将冷却的混合物干燥或过滤以将燃料颗粒与溶液分离，然后将颗粒洗涤并干燥。 过滤的溶液被再生，使得其可以再次与未反应的燃料颗粒混合。 溶液通常基本上包含氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙或碳酸盐，并且还可包含氢氧化镁或碳酸盐。

公开(公告)号：US4095955A

公开(公告)日：1978-06-20

申请号：US683518

申请日：1976-05-05

申请人： Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Edgel P. Stambaugh ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C10L9/02 ,  C10L9/10 ,  C10B57/00

CPC分类号： C10L9/02

摘要： Fine particles of a solid carbonaceous fuel of the coal or coke type are treated to reduce their content of undesired constituents at least including sulfur or ash or both. The treatment comprises forming a mixture of the fuel particles with a liquid aqueous leaching solution, containing one or more cations selected from Groups IA and IIA of the periodic table, which is effective to dissolve the undesired constituents. The mixture is exposed to temperatures in the range of about 150.degree. to 375.degree. C under a pressure of at least the autogeneous steam pressure until the solution has dissolved the undesired constituents of the fuel to such an extent that the undesired constituent content of the fuel particles has been reduced to less than a desired limit. The major portion of the solution is then separated from the fuel particles under temperature and pressure conditions and within a time period such that the amount of the undesired constituents dissolved in the solution is not substantially reduced by precipitation, adsorption on the fuel particles, or chemical recombination therewith. The separation is typically carried out by filtering the solution to remove the solid fuel particles. The temperature of the mixture is typically maintained in the range of about 100.degree. to 375.degree. C during the separation step, desirably at about the same temperature and pressure as those used during the dissolving step.

摘要翻译： 处理煤或焦炭类型的固体碳质燃料的细颗粒以减少其至少包括硫或灰分或两者的不期望成分的含量。 处理包括形成燃料颗粒与液体含水浸出溶液的混合物，其中含有一种或多种选自元素周期表IA和IIA族的阳离子，其有效溶解不期望的组分。 将混合物在至少自动蒸汽压力的压力下暴露于约150℃至375℃的温度下，直到溶液将不期望的燃料成分溶解到燃料的不期望的组分含量 颗粒已经减少到小于期望的极限。 然后将溶液的主要部分在温度和压力条件下和在一段时间内与燃料颗粒分离，使得溶解在溶液中的不期望的组分的量通过沉淀，燃料颗粒或化学品上的吸附基本上不会降低 与其重组。 分离通常通过过滤溶液以除去固体燃料颗粒来进行。 在分离步骤期间，混合物的温度通常保持在约100至375℃的范围内，理想地在与溶解步骤期间相同的温度和压力下保持。

公开(公告)号：US08585903B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

申请号：US12527325

申请日：2008-02-14

申请人： Bruce F. Monzyk ,  F. Michael Von Fahnestock ,  James Kevin Rose ,  H. Nick Conkle ,  Ming Wang ,  Satya P. Chauhan ,  Ruey K. Bruce ,  Tenisha Highsmith

发明人： Bruce F. Monzyk ,  F. Michael Von Fahnestock ,  James Kevin Rose ,  H. Nick Conkle ,  Ming Wang ,  Satya P. Chauhan ,  Ruey K. Bruce ,  Tenisha Highsmith

IPC分类号： B01D21/01 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/56

CPC分类号： C02F1/5236 ,  B01D11/0288 ,  B01D17/047 ,  B01D21/01 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/56

摘要： The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floc inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floc are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种有效的方法来纯化水溶液，通常将溶解固体中的水溶液中特别是阴离子和阳离子的排泄水，特别是阴离子和阳离子矿化，通过用具有至少8个碳原子的带正电的萃取剂处理除去阴离子和阳离子 由此形成不稳定的乳液; 允许不稳定的乳液分解成负载阴离子和阳离子的萃取相，以及阴离子和阳离子中耗尽的水相; 在加载的萃取相中固有地形成絮凝物，然后将负载的萃取相和絮凝物与纯化水分离并处理以除去作为浓缩有用产物的阴离子和阳离子; 现在将阴离子和/或阳离子含量还原的处理过的水相也作为纯化水溶液与乳液分离。 萃取相优选是循环的。 提供连续的水净化过程。

公开(公告)号：US07169321B2

公开(公告)日：2007-01-30

申请号：US10374662

申请日：2003-02-26

申请人： Kevin L. Simmons ,  John G. Frye, Jr. ,  Todd A. Werpy ,  William D. Samuels ,  H. Nicholas Conkle ,  Bruce F. Monzyk ,  Sara F. Kuczek ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Kevin L. Simmons ,  John G. Frye, Jr. ,  Todd A. Werpy ,  William D. Samuels ,  H. Nicholas Conkle ,  Bruce F. Monzyk ,  Sara F. Kuczek ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C09K3/18

CPC分类号： C09K3/185 ,  C09K3/18

摘要： A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a nonionic surfactant selected from the polyoxyalkylene ethers, an antioxidant, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a surfactant, a food grade material that functions as an antioxidant, and water. A further deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a biobased freezing point depressant, a material that functions as both a buffer and a freezing point depressant, and water.

摘要翻译： 无毒除冰/防冰液体包括生物基冰点抑制剂，表面活性剂，抗氧化剂和水。 流体具有大于约10,000mg / L的LD 50。 另一种除冰/防冰液体包括生物基冰点抑制剂，分子量约为10,000至约700,000的乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物和水。 另一种除冰/防冰液体包括生物基冰点抑制剂，选自聚氧化烯醚，抗氧化剂和水的非离子表面活性剂。 另一种除冰/防冰液体包括生物基冰点抑制剂，表面活性剂，起抗氧化剂作用的食品级材料和水。 另外的除冰/防冰液体包括生物基凝固点抑制剂，作为缓冲剂和凝固点抑制剂两者的材料以及水。

公开(公告)号：US07001520B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-21

申请号：US10795944

申请日：2004-03-08

申请人： Jeffrey Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Jeffrey Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C02F1/461

CPC分类号： C02F1/4608 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F3/1221 ,  C02F11/12 ,  C02F11/14 ,  C02F11/18 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  C02F2301/046 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  C02F2303/06 ,  Y02W10/15

摘要： A method of treating of municipal sludge, paper-pulp sludge, animal and plant waste, and the like, whereby the treatment thereof via electroporation causes the breakdown of waste activated sludge, which is then recycled back to a bioreactor, or to one or more additional bioreactors such as aerobic, facultative, anoxic, or strictly anaerobic.

公开(公告)号：US08222223B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-17

申请号：US12876735

申请日：2010-09-07

申请人： Satya P. Chauhan ,  Paul J. Usinowicz

发明人： Satya P. Chauhan ,  Paul J. Usinowicz

IPC分类号： A61K48/00

CPC分类号： C12N13/00 ,  C12N15/87

摘要： A method of treating biocells includes the steps of: a. providing biocells; b. applying at least one stressor to the biocells sufficient to cause nonlethal and reparable cell wall damage to the biocells, thereby putting the biocells in a catabolic state during which catabolic metabolic functions predominate over anabolic metabolic functions; and c. obtaining at least one product produced by the biocells during the catabolic state. In another embodiment, the method includes the steps of: a. providing biocells that are mammalian cells; b. applying at least one stressor to the biocells sufficient to cause nonlethal and reparable cell wall damage to the biocells, the reparable cell wall damage comprising openings that allow increased passage of materials through the cells walls; and c. inserting foreign DNA through the openings into the biocells.

摘要翻译： 一种处理生物细胞的方法包括以下步骤：a。 提供生物细胞; b。 将至少一个应激源施加到生物细胞上，足以引起对生物细胞的非致死和可修复的细胞壁损伤，从而使生物细胞处于分解代谢状态，其中分解代谢功能占统治于代谢功能; 和c。 在分解代谢状态下获得由生物细胞产生的至少一种产物。 在另一个实施例中，该方法包括以下步骤：a。 提供哺乳动物细胞的生物细胞; b。 将至少一个应激源施加到足以引起对生物细胞的非致死和可修复的细胞壁损伤的生物细胞，所述可修复细胞壁损伤包括允许材料通过细胞壁的增加的通道的开口; 和c。 将外来DNA通过开口插入生物细胞。

公开(公告)号：US07105105B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-12

申请号：US10833942

申请日：2004-04-28

申请人： William D. Samuels ,  H. Nicholas Conkle ,  Bruce F. Monzyk ,  Kevin L. Simmons ,  John G. Frye, Jr. ,  Todd A. Werpy ,  Sara F. Kuczek ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： William D. Samuels ,  H. Nicholas Conkle ,  Bruce F. Monzyk ,  Kevin L. Simmons ,  John G. Frye, Jr. ,  Todd A. Werpy ,  Sara F. Kuczek ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C09K3/18

CPC分类号： C09K3/18 ,  C09K3/185

摘要： A nontoxic deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a freezing point depressant selected from short chain polyols having 3 to 5 carbons atoms, and mixtures thereof, a wetting agent, an antioxidant/preservative, and water. The fluid has an LD50 greater than about 10,000 mg/L. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes the freezing point depressant, a vinylpyrrolidone polymer having a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 700,000, and water. A runway deicing fluid includes glycerol, a buffer, an antioxidant/preservative, and water. Another deicing/anti-icing fluid includes a freezing point depressant having hydrophobic character, a wetting agent comprising an organophosphorus compound capable of producing an organic wettable surface, and water.

摘要翻译： 无毒除冰/防冰液体包括选自具有3至5个碳原子的短链多元醇及其混合物，润湿剂，抗氧化剂/防腐剂和水的凝固点抑制剂。 流体具有大于约10,000mg / L的LD 50。 另一种除冰/防冰液体包括冰点抑制剂，分子量介于约10,000至约700,000之间的乙烯基吡咯烷酮聚合物和水。 跑道除冰液包括甘油，缓冲剂，抗氧化剂/防腐剂和水。 另一种除冰/防冰流体包括具有疏水性的凝固点抑制剂，包含能够产生有机可湿性表面的有机磷化合物的润湿剂和水。

公开(公告)号：US06491820B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09998651

申请日：2001-12-03

申请人： Jeffry Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Jeffry Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C02F1461

CPC分类号： C02F11/12 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/4608 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F3/1221 ,  C02F11/18 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  C02F2301/022 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  C02F2303/06 ,  Y02W10/15

摘要： The present invention is directed to a pulsed electric-field system for rupturing and destroying molecular cellular units of waste-activated sludge to thereby liberate intracellular water molecules from the solids-content thereof. The waste-activated sludge is contained in waste sludge, such as paper-pulp sludge, municipal waste sludge, animal or plant waste sludge. The pulsed-electric field is generated by an electroporating device producing a non-arcing pulsed electric field. The released intracellular dissolved/organic matter may be recycled back to an aeration tank for supplying food to bacteria of the aeration tank for performing aerobic digestion thereon, whereby the intracellular, dissolved organic matter is used as food for the bacteria of the aeration tank, whereby the aerobic digestion process is accelerated.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于破坏和破坏废活性污泥的分子细胞单元的脉冲电场系统，从而从其固体含量释放细胞内水分子。 垃圾活性污泥含在纸浆污泥，城市污泥，动植物废渣等废渣中。 脉冲电场由产生非电弧脉冲电场的电穿孔装置产生。 释放的细胞内溶解/有机物质可以循环回到用于向曝气池的细菌供应食物以在其上进行有氧消化的曝气池，由此将细胞内溶解的有机物用作曝气池细菌的食物，由此 好氧消化过程加快。

公开(公告)号：US06395176B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09612776

申请日：2000-07-10

申请人： Jeffry Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

发明人： Jeffry Held ,  Satya P. Chauhan

IPC分类号： C02F1461

CPC分类号： C02F11/12 ,  C02F1/001 ,  C02F1/46 ,  C02F1/4608 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F3/1221 ,  C02F11/18 ,  C02F2201/46175 ,  C02F2301/022 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  C02F2303/06 ,  Y02W10/15

摘要： A system that allows the flexibility of primary and secondary treatment of municipal sludge, paper-pulp sludge, animal and plant waste, whereby the treatment thereof via electroporation may be used either as the primary dewatering treatment, secondary dewatering treatment, direct WAS-treatment, and combinations with other conventional dewatering techniques, in order to provide the municipal treatment plant, or the paper-pulp treatment plant, with the most cost-effective and efficient system as possible. The electroporated-treated sludge releases hitherto unreleased biosolids exiting from the PEF-electroporation system, which are returned to aeration tanks. The electroporation process causes the release of intracellular dissolved/organic matter, which is used as “food” for the bacteria of the aeration tanks.

摘要翻译： 可以灵活地对城市污泥，纸浆污泥，动植物废物进行一级和二级处理的系统，其中通过电穿孔处理可用作主要脱水处理，二次脱水处理，直接WAS处理， 以及与其他常规脱水技术的组合，以便为市政处理厂或纸浆处理厂提供尽可能最具成本效益和最有效率的系统。 电穿孔处理的污泥释放出从PEF电穿孔系统排出的迄今尚未释放的生物固体，并将其返回曝气池。 电穿孔过程导致细胞内溶解/有机物质的释放，其用作曝气池细菌的“食物”。