公开(公告)号：US20060242983A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：US11116713

申请日：2005-04-28

申请人： Paul Spadafora ,  Ronald Spadafora ,  Frank Spadafora

发明人： Paul Spadafora ,  Ronald Spadafora ,  Frank Spadafora

IPC分类号： F25D23/12 ,  F24J3/08 ,  F25B13/00

CPC分类号： F25B30/06 ,  F24T10/00 ,  Y02E10/10

摘要： Geothermal ground coils are installed and embedded in fill at the bottom of excavations, made for drainage fields associated with septic and other effluent systems, prior to the addition of the drainage field sanitary fill. This configuration eliminates the need for expensive bore holes and provides a ground heat source that is at a higher temperature than natural ground formations due to the supplemental heat imparted to the ground by the drain field effluent Fouling of the outside heat transfer surfaces of the ground coils is also avoided because of the clarifying and filtering action of the drain field fill. This provides an improved ground source heat pump system wherein the installation costs are reduced arid the capacity and efficiency of the system are improved.

摘要翻译： 在添加排水场卫生填充物之前，将地热接地线圈安装并埋设在挖掘底部的填充物中，用于与脓毒和其他污水系统相关的排水场。 这种配置消除了对昂贵的钻孔的需要，并且提供了比自然地层更高的温度的地面热源，这是由于排放场流出物向地面施加的补充热量。接地线圈的外部传热表面的结垢 由于排水场填充的澄清和过滤动作也避免了。 这提供了一种改进的地源热泵系统，其中降低了安装成本，并提高了系统的容量和效率。

公开(公告)号：US20060102314A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-18

申请号：US10989563

申请日：2004-11-16

申请人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

发明人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

IPC分类号： B22D11/00 ,  B22D11/07 ,  B22D11/12

CPC分类号： B22D11/07 ,  B22D11/113 ,  B22D11/117 ,  B22D11/1213

摘要： A seal for a continuous casting furnace having a melting chamber with a mold therein for producing a metal cast includes a passage between the melting chamber and external atmosphere. As the cast moves through the passage, the cast outer surface and the passage inner surface define therebetween a reservoir for containing liquid glass or other molten material to prevent the external atmosphere from entering the melting chamber. Particulate material fed into the reservoir is melted by heat from the cast to form the molten material. The molten material coats the cast as it moves through the passage and solidifies to form a coating to protect the hot cast from reacting with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the mold has an inner surface with a cross-sectional shape to define a cross-sectional shape of the cast outer surface whereby these cross-sectional shapes are substantially the same as a cross-sectional shape of the passage inner surface.

公开(公告)号：US20050227464A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US11143516

申请日：2005-06-02

申请人： Mark Stan ,  Nein Li ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Hong Hou ,  Paul Sharps ,  Navid Fatemi

发明人： Mark Stan ,  Nein Li ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Hong Hou ,  Paul Sharps ,  Navid Fatemi

IPC分类号： H01L21/20 ,  H01L21/22 ,  H01L21/38 ,  H01L31/00 ,  H01L31/078 ,  H01L31/18

CPC分类号： H01L31/078 ,  H01L21/02381 ,  H01L21/02461 ,  H01L21/02463 ,  H01L21/02543 ,  H01L21/2205 ,  H01L31/1852 ,  Y02E10/544

摘要： In a preferred embodiment, an indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) nucleation layer is disposed between the germanium (Ge) substrate and the overlying dual-junction epilayers for controlling the diffusion depth of the n-doping in the germanium junction. Specifically, by acting as a diffusion barrier to arsenic (As) contained in the overlying epilayers and as a source of n-type dopant for forming the germanium junction, the nucleation layer enables the growth time and temperature in the epilayer device process to be minimized without compromising the integrity of the dual-junction epilayer structure. This in turn allows the arsenic diffusion into the germanium substrate to be optimally controlled by varying the thickness of the nucleation layer. An active germanium junction formed in accordance with the present invention has a typical diffused junction depth that is ⅕ to ½ of that achievable in prior art devices. Furthermore, triple junction solar cells incorporating a shallow n-p germanium junction of the present invention can attain 1 sun AM0 efficiencies in excess of 26%.

摘要翻译： 在优选实施例中，铟锗磷（InGaP）成核层设置在锗（Ge）衬底和上覆的双结外延层之间，用于控制锗结中的n掺杂的扩散深度。 具体地说，通过作为包含在上覆外延层中的砷（As）的扩散阻挡层，并且作为用于形成锗结的n型掺杂剂的源，成核层使外延层器件工艺中的生长时间和温度最小化 而不损害双结外延层结构的完整性。 这又允许通过改变成核层的厚度来最佳地控制砷扩散到锗衬底中。 根据本发明形成的活性锗结具有典型的扩散结深度，其为现有技术装置中可实现的1/5至1/2。 此外，结合本发明的浅n-p锗结的三结太阳能电池可以获得超过26％的1次太阳AM0效率。

公开(公告)号：US20080060783A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-13

申请号：US11981135

申请日：2007-10-31

申请人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

发明人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

IPC分类号： B22D11/106

CPC分类号： B22D11/07 ,  B22D11/113 ,  B22D11/117 ,  B22D11/1213

摘要： A seal for a continuous casting furnace having a melting chamber with a mold therein for producing a metal cast includes a passage between the melting chamber and external atmosphere. As the cast moves through the passage, the cast outer surface and the passage inner surface define therebetween a reservoir for containing liquid glass or other molten material to prevent the external atmosphere from entering the melting chamber. Particulate material fed into the reservoir is melted by heat from the cast to form the molten material. The molten material coats the cast as it moves through the passage and solidifies to form a coating to protect the hot cast from reacting with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the mold has an inner surface with a cross-sectional shape to define a cross-sectional shape of the cast outer surface whereby these cross-sectional shapes are substantially the same as a cross-sectional shape of the passage inner surface.

摘要翻译： 一种连续铸造炉的密封件，其具有用于制造金属铸件的具有模具的熔化室，其包括熔化室和外部气氛之间的通道。 当铸件通过通道时，铸造外表面和通道内表面在其间限定有用于容纳液体玻璃或其它熔融材料以防止外部气氛进入熔化室的储存器。 供给到储存器的颗粒物质通过来自铸件的热量熔化以形成熔融材料。 熔融材料在铸件通过通道时涂覆，并固化形成涂层以保护热铸件不与外部气氛反应。 优选地，模具具有横截面形状的内表面以限定铸造外表面的横截面形状，由此这些横截面形状与通道内表面的横截面形状基本相同。

公开(公告)号：US20070204970A1

公开(公告)日：2007-09-06

申请号：US11799574

申请日：2007-05-02

申请人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

发明人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

IPC分类号： B22D11/07

CPC分类号： B22D11/10 ,  B22D11/006 ,  B22D11/055 ,  B22D11/108

摘要： A seal for a continuous casting furnace having a melting chamber with a mold therein for producing a metal cast includes a passage between the melting chamber and external atmosphere. As the cast moves through the passage, the cast outer surface and the passage inner surface define therebetween a reservoir for containing liquid glass or other molten material to prevent the external atmosphere from entering the melting chamber. Particulate material fed into the reservoir is melted by heat from the cast to form the molten material. The molten material coats the cast as it moves through the passage and solidifies to form a coating to protect the hot cast from reacting with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the mold has an inner surface with a cross-sectional shape to define a cross-sectional shape of the cast outer surface whereby these cross-sectional shapes are substantially the same as a cross-sectional shape of the passage inner surface.

摘要翻译： 一种连续铸造炉的密封件，其具有用于制造金属铸件的具有模具的熔化室，其包括熔化室和外部气氛之间的通道。 当铸件通过通道时，铸造外表面和通道内表面在其间限定有用于容纳液体玻璃或其它熔融材料以防止外部气氛进入熔化室的储存器。 供给到储存器的颗粒物质通过来自铸件的热量熔化以形成熔融材料。 熔融材料在铸件通过通道时涂覆，并固化形成涂层以保护热铸件不与外部气氛反应。 优选地，模具具有横截面形状的内表面以限定铸造外表面的横截面形状，由此这些横截面形状与通道内表面的横截面形状基本相同。

公开(公告)号：US20070163387A1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-19

申请号：US11333430

申请日：2006-01-17

申请人： Frank Spadafora ,  Michael Jacques ,  Kuang-O Yu

发明人： Frank Spadafora ,  Michael Jacques ,  Kuang-O Yu

IPC分类号： C22B9/00

CPC分类号： C22B34/1295 ,  C22B9/226 ,  F27B3/045 ,  F27B3/085 ,  F27B3/20 ,  F27B9/10 ,  F27B9/243 ,  F27B9/38 ,  F27B19/02 ,  F27D17/004

摘要： A casting furnace for preheating and melting solid feed material includes a melting chamber with a melting hearth therein and a feed chamber in fluid communication with the melting chamber for conveying the solid material into the melting chamber. A heat source melts the feed material within the melting hearth and produces surplus heat used to preheat the solid feed material. Preferably, gas is heated by the heat source and moved into the feed chamber to preheat the feed material while it is conveyed toward the melting hearth. The heated gas is recycled back into the melting chamber to be re-heated therein and reused to preheat additional feed material in the feed chamber. Where the heat source in the melting chamber includes a plasma torch, the gas is recycled via the plasma torch, which ionizes the gas to create a plasma plume for melting the solid material.

摘要翻译： 用于预热和熔化固体进料的铸造炉包括其中具有熔化炉底的熔化室和与熔化室流体连通的进料室，用于将固体材料输送到熔化室中。 热源熔化熔炉内的进料，产生用于预热固体进料的剩余热量。 优选地，气体被热源加热并移动到进料室中，以在进料被输送到熔化炉底时预热进料。 加热的气体被再循环回到熔化室中以在其中再次加热并重新用于预热进料室中的附加进料。 在熔化室中的热源包括等离子体焰炬的情况下，气体通过等离子体焰炬再循环，等离子体焰炬使气体电离，产生用于熔化固体材料的等离子体羽流。

公开(公告)号：US20080060784A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-13

申请号：US11980926

申请日：2007-10-31

申请人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

发明人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

IPC分类号： B22D11/106

CPC分类号： B22D11/07 ,  B22D11/113 ,  B22D11/117 ,  B22D11/1213

摘要： A seal for a continuous casting furnace having a melting chamber with a mold therein for producing a metal cast includes a passage between the melting chamber and external atmosphere. As the cast moves through the passage, the cast outer surface and the passage inner surface define therebetween a reservoir for containing liquid glass or other molten material to prevent the external atmosphere from entering the melting chamber. Particulate material fed into the reservoir is melted by heat from the cast to form the molten material. The molten material coats the cast as it moves through the passage and solidifies to form a coating to protect the hot cast from reacting with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the mold has an inner surface with a cross-sectional shape to define a cross-sectional shape of the cast outer surface whereby these cross-sectional shapes are substantially the same as a cross-sectional shape of the passage inner surface.

摘要翻译： 一种连续铸造炉的密封件，其具有用于制造金属铸件的具有模具的熔化室，其包括熔化室和外部气氛之间的通道。 当铸件通过通道时，铸造外表面和通道内表面在其间限定有用于容纳液体玻璃或其它熔融材料以防止外部气氛进入熔化室的储存器。 供给到储存器的颗粒物质通过来自铸件的热量熔化以形成熔融材料。 熔融材料在铸件通过通道时涂覆，并固化形成涂层以保护热铸件不与外部气氛反应。 优选地，模具具有横截面形状的内表面以限定铸造外表面的横截面形状，由此这些横截面形状与通道内表面的横截面形状基本相同。

公开(公告)号：US20060254746A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-16

申请号：US11433107

申请日：2006-05-12

申请人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

发明人： Michael Jacques ,  Frank Spadafora ,  Kuang-O Yu ,  Brian Martin

IPC分类号： B22D11/00 ,  B22D11/126

CPC分类号： B22D11/07 ,  B22D11/1213

摘要： A seal for a continuous casting furnace having a melting chamber with a mold therein for producing a metal cast includes a passage between the melting chamber and external atmosphere. As the cast moves through the passage, the cast outer surface and the passage inner surface define therebetween a reservoir for containing liquid glass or other molten material to prevent the external atmosphere from entering the melting chamber. Particulate material fed into the reservoir is melted by heat from the cast to form the molten material. The molten material coats the cast as it moves through the passage and solidifies to form a coating to protect the hot cast from reacting with the external atmosphere. Preferably, the mold has an inner surface with a cross-sectional shape to define a cross-sectional shape of the cast outer surface whereby these cross-sectional shapes are substantially the same as a cross-sectional shape of the passage inner surface.

公开(公告)号：US20060249276A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-09

申请号：US11122913

申请日：2005-05-05

申请人： Paul Spadafora ,  Ronald Spadafora ,  Frank Spadafora

发明人： Paul Spadafora ,  Ronald Spadafora ,  Frank Spadafora

IPC分类号： F24J3/08

CPC分类号： F28F13/00 ,  C04B2111/00663 ,  C04B2111/00706 ,  F24T10/10 ,  F28D20/0052 ,  Y02E10/12

摘要： A geothermal fill material composed of one or more high heat conductivity materials alone or in combination to produce a fill that can be used to cover and encapsulate geothermal ground coils to improve heat transfer between the ground and the fluid inside the coils and to improve the rate of heat recovery of the fill in contact and in the vicinity of the coils. These materials can be in the form of particulates, rods or wire mesh and in any combination. Further enhancements are to cover this high conductivity material with low conductivity materials near the surface of the ground or to install the coils in a ground coil field below a structure in order to reduce ground heat loss to the atmosphere in the winter and to reduce heat gain from the atmosphere in the summer.

摘要翻译： 一种由一种或多种高导热性材料单独或组合形成的地热填充材料，以产生可用于覆盖和封装地热接地线圈的填充物，以改善地面和线圈内的流体之间的热传递并提高速率 填充物接触的热回收和线圈附近。 这些材料可以是颗粒，棒或丝网的形式并且以任何组合。 进一步的增强是覆盖在地表表面附近的低导电率材料的高导电性材料，或将线圈安装在结构下方的接地线圈场中，以减少冬天对大气的地面热损失并减少热量增益 从夏天的气氛。

公开(公告)号：US20050111517A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-26

申请号：US10718045

申请日：2003-11-20

申请人： Louis Bartlo ,  Frank Spadafora

发明人： Louis Bartlo ,  Frank Spadafora

IPC分类号： H05B7/102

CPC分类号： H05B7/102

摘要： A method of manufacturing titanium electrodes in a vacuum arc remelting furnace as well as a reusable header for use in the remelting process is disclosed. An electrode may be attached to the reusable header and remelted in the furnace a number of times until a final ingot of the desired metallurgical quality is produced. The header and electrode are provided with a complimentarily shaped interlocking recess and projection to secure them together. The electrode may alternatively be integrally formed with a starter stub that includes a recess or projection that interlocks with a complimentarily shaped projection or recess on the header. At least a section of the header is made of the same metal as the electrode to be melted to reduce contamination of the ingot being formed in the furnace. Alternatively the starter stub is made from the same metal as the electrode.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在真空电弧重熔炉中制造钛电极的方法以及用于重熔过程中的可重复使用的集管。 电极可以附接到可重复使用的集管并在炉中重熔多次，直到产生期望的冶金质量的最终铸锭。 集管和电极设置有互补形状的互锁凹部和突起，以将它们固定在一起。 电极可替代地与起动器短截线整体形成，起动器短柱包括与头部上的互补形状的突起或凹部互锁的凹部或突起。 集管的至少一部分由与待熔化的电极相同的金属制成，以减少在炉中形成的锭的污染。 或者，起动器短截线由与电极相同的金属制成。