公开(公告)号：US5365063A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-15

申请号：US80581

申请日：1993-06-21

申请人： Stefan Kaesdorf ,  Hartmut Schroder

发明人： Stefan Kaesdorf ,  Hartmut Schroder

IPC分类号： G01N27/62 ,  H01J49/16 ,  H01J49/40 ,  B01D59/44 ,  H01J49/00

CPC分类号： H01J49/162 ,  G01N27/628 ,  H01J49/0463

摘要： A method and an apparatus for non-resonant photoionization of multiple species of neutral particles of a gas in which the neutral particles are ionized in an ionization space by a laser beam having a maximum intensity above the saturation intensity for ionizing neutral particles of multiple desired types. The ions so produced are extracted from the ionization space by an ion-optical system. The ionization of the desired types of neutral particles and/or the extraction of the produced ions are confined by light-optical or ion-optical means to a sharply limited space in which the intensity of the laser beam is above the saturation intensity or is negligibly low with respect to the ionization of neutral particles of interest, so that the number of extracted ions of the ion type of interest does not substantially increase when the laser beam intensity is further increased. The multiple ionized species can be quantitatively determined mass spectrographically in a single step.

摘要翻译： 一种用于使多种气体中性粒子非共振光离子化的方法和装置，其中中性粒子通过具有高于饱和强度的最大强度的激光束在电离空间中离子化，用于电离多种所需类型的中性粒子 。 通过离子光学系统从电离空间提取如此产生的离子。 所需类型的中性粒子的电离和/或所产生的离子的提取被光学或离子光学手段限制在激光束的强度高于饱和强度或可忽略的急剧有限的空间 相对于感兴趣的中性粒子的离子化为低，使得当激光束强度进一步增加时，感兴趣的离子型的提取离子的数量基本上不增加。 可以在单个步骤中通过质谱法定量测定多个离子化物质。

公开(公告)号：US07247845B1

公开(公告)日：2007-07-24

申请号：US10031542

申请日：2000-07-20

申请人： Christoph Gebhardt ,  Hartmut Schroder

发明人： Christoph Gebhardt ,  Hartmut Schroder

IPC分类号： H01J49/26

CPC分类号： F03H1/00 ,  H01J27/026 ,  H01J49/0463 ,  H05H3/02

摘要： A method for cluster fragmentation comprises the production of at least one cluster which contains a carrier substance and the fragmentation of the cluster into cluster fragments, with the cluster being loaded before the fragmentation with at least one reaction partner and the reaction partner being part of at least one cluster fragment after the fragmentation. A cluster beam system for performing the method, and applications of the cluster fragmentation for analysis and purification of surfaces, for analysis of clusters, and for the operation of ion thrusters are also described.

摘要翻译： 簇分裂的方法包括产生含有载体物质的至少一个簇和将簇分解成簇片段，其中簇在与至少一个反应伴侣和反应伴侣之间的一部分在碎片化之前被加载 碎片后至少有一个集群片段。 还描述了用于执行该方法的群集束系统，以及用于分析和净化表面的群集碎片的应用，用于群集分析以及离子推进器的操作的应用。

公开(公告)号：US4661839A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-28

申请号：US722364

申请日：1985-04-12

申请人： Martin Plantholt ,  Berthold Eiberger ,  Hartmut Schroder

发明人： Martin Plantholt ,  Berthold Eiberger ,  Hartmut Schroder

IPC分类号： H04N11/08 ,  H04N7/12

CPC分类号： H04N11/08

摘要： In the transmission of a color television signal containing chrominance burst and sync signals over a Nyquist channel between a transmitting station and a receiving station, a method for modulating and synchronously demodulating the television signal according to the offset modulation and offset sampling principle. The chrominance burst or sync pulses are used as a reference signal for frequency recovery at the receiving station. An additional reference signal is generated at the transmitting station and transmitted over the Nyquist channel. The additional reference signal is utilized for phase recovery at the receiving station.

摘要翻译： 在通过发射站和接收站之间的奈奎斯特信道上传输包含色度脉冲串和同步信号的彩色电视信号时，根据偏移调制和偏移采样原理调制和同步解调电视信号的方法。 色度突发或同步脉冲用作接收站频率恢复的参考信号。 在发射台处产生附加参考信号，并通过奈奎斯特通道传输。 附加参考信号用于接收站的相位恢复。

公开(公告)号：US5763875A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-09

申请号：US280387

申请日：1994-07-26

申请人： Stefan Kaesdorf ,  Matthias Wagner ,  Hartmut Schroder

发明人： Stefan Kaesdorf ,  Matthias Wagner ,  Hartmut Schroder

IPC分类号： H01J49/16 ,  B01D59/44 ,  H01J49/00

CPC分类号： H01J49/162

摘要： A mass spectrographic method and apparatus provide simultaneous quantification of multiple target species of gaseous neutral particles that may be laser sputtered from a sample. The invention employs non-resonant multiphoton ionization of the target species with a high intensity laser beam propagated toward a given extraction volume from which volume ions are withdrawn for quantification. In preferred embodiments, the given volume is defined by an acceptance aperture and a transverse energy acceptance interval which is itself defined by energy discrimination of the ions into bunches with a novel ion mirror. An inventive embodiment of ion mirror has four grids at different spacings and potentials with a second grid away from the acceptance aperture having a potential just below a third to separate out an undesired, low-energy ion bunch. Curves for simultaneously quantifying Ta.sup.+ ions with Ta.sup.++ ions are shown.

摘要翻译： 质谱方法和装置提供可以从样品激光溅射的气态中性粒子的多个靶物种的同时定量。 本发明使用目标物种的非共振多光子电离与向给定的提取体积传播的高强度激光束，从中提取体积离子用于定量。 在优选实施例中，给定体积由接受孔径和横向能量接受间隔限定，该间隔本身通过用新型离子镜将离子能量鉴定为束而定义。 离子镜的发明实施例具有不同间隔和电势的四个栅格，远离接收孔的第二栅极具有刚好低于三分之一的电位，以分离出不期望的低能量离子束。 示出了用Ta ++离子同时量化Ta +离子的曲线。