摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a specific conductive layer and promising less variation in light-area potential and residual potential in reproducing images repeatedly, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. Where a test in which a voltage of −1.0 kV having only a DC voltage component is continuously applied to the conductive layer for 1 hour is conducted, the conductive layer has volume resistivity satisfying the following mathematical expressions (1) and (2), as values before and after the test: −2.00≦(log|ρ2|−log|ρ1|)≦2.00 (1), and 1.0×108≦ρ1≦2.0×1013 (2), where, in the expressions (1) and (2), ρ1 is volume resistivity (Ω·cm) of the conductive layer as measured before the test and ρ2 is volume resistivity (Ω·cm) of the conductive layer as measured after the test.
摘要:
An AF apparatus for a microscope (1) of the present invention includes: an observational optical system (6) which radiates light on an object under inspection (3) via one of multiple interchangeable objective lens (2) and which has a CCD (imaging device) (5) for observing reflected light from the object under inspection (3); a light flooding portion (7) which radiates a laser (non-visible light) on the object under inspection (3) via the objective lens (2) of the observational optical system (6); a focal point detection optical system (10) which has a photo-detector (photo-electric conversion portion) (8) that is arranged at an image surface of a light figure of the reflected laser from the object under inspection and that outputs signals corresponding to the position of the light figure inside the image surface, and which detects the relative distance between the objective lens (2) and the object under inspection (3); an object position adjusting unit (11) which adjusts the focal position of the object under inspection (3) based on the output signals from the focal point detection optical system (10); and a diaphragm unit (12) which adjust the area on which the laser is radiated so as to be inside the imaging area of the CCD (5).
摘要:
A semiconductor wafer inspection apparatus is provided with a rotatable table on which a semiconductor wafer is held by suction, an illuminating device which illuminates at least an edge portion of the semiconductor wafer held on the rotatable table, an imaging device which captures an image of the edge portion of the semiconductor wafer when the edge portion is illuminated by the illuminating device, an image processing device which detects at least an edge cut amount or a crack by acquiring the image of the edge portion which is captured by the imaging device, and a display section which displays an image of the edge portion subjected to image processing by the image processing device.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member that can not easily cause charging lines even where it is an electrophotographic photosensitive member employing as a conductive layer a layer containing metal oxide particles is disclosed. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive layer which contains titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus or tungsten.
摘要:
To provide a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can not easily cause any fog due to an increase in dark attenuation, a conductive layer is formed with use of a coating liquid for conductive layer prepared with use of a solvent, a binder material and metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles (P) and binder material (B) in the coating liquid for conductive layer are in a mass ratio (P/B) of from 1.5/1.0 to 3.5/1.0. The metal oxide particle is a titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus or tungsten. Where powder resistivity of the metal oxide particle is represented by x (Ω·cm) and powder resistivity of the titanium oxide particle as a core particle constituting the metal oxide particle is represented by y (Ω·cm), the y and the x satisfy the following relations (i) and (ii): 5.0×107≦y≦5.0×109 (i) 1.0×102≦y/x≦1.0×106 (ii).
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a specific conductive layer and promising less variation in light-area potential and residual potential in reproducing images repeatedly, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. Where a test in which a voltage of −1.0 kV having only a DC voltage component is continuously applied to the conductive layer for 1 hour is conducted, the conductive layer has volume resistivity satisfying the following mathematical expressions (1) and (2), as values before and after the test: −2.00≦(log|ρ2|−log|ρ1|)≦2.00 (1), and 1.0×108≦ρ1≦2.0×1013 (2), where, in the expressions (1) and (2), ρ1 is volume resistivity (Ω·cm) of the conductive layer as measured before the test and ρ2 is volume resistivity (Ω·cm) of the conductive layer as measured after the test.
摘要:
Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which leakage doesn't easily occur, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive layer including titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with a hetero element. When an absolute value of a maximum current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case of performing a test of applying −1.0 kV including DC voltage to the conductive layer is defined as Ia, and an absolute value of a current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case where a decrease ratio of a current amount per minute reaches 1% or less for the first time is defined as Ib, the relations of Ia≦6000 and 10≦Ib are satisfied. A volume resistivity of the conductive layer before the test is 1.0×108 Ω·cm to 5.0×1012 Ω·cm.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided in which black spots on an output image are hardly caused by local charge injection from a support to a photosensitive layer. For this purpose, a conductive layer is formed using a coating liquid for a conductive layer prepared using a solvent, a binder material and a metal oxide particle that satisfies the following relation (i): 45≦A×ρ×D≦65 (i) wherein A denotes the surface area of the metal oxide particle per unit mass [m2/g], D denotes the number average particle diameter of the metal oxide particle [μm], and ρ denotes the density of the metal oxide particle [g/cm3]. The metal oxide particle is a titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus.
摘要:
Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which leakage doesn't easily occur, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive layer including titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with a hetero element. When an absolute value of a maximum current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case of performing a test of applying −1.0 kV including DC voltage to the conductive layer is defined as Ia, and an absolute value of a current amount flowing through the conductive layer in a case where a decrease ratio of a current amount per minute reaches 1% or less for the first time is defined as Ib, the relations of Ia≦6000 and 10≦Ib are satisfied. A volume resistivity of the conductive layer before the test is 1.0×108 Ω·cm to 5.0×1012 Ω·cm.
摘要:
To provide a process for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can not easily cause any fog due to an increase in dark attenuation, a conductive layer is formed with use of a coating liquid for conductive layer prepared with use of a solvent, a binder material and metal oxide particles. The metal oxide particles (P) and binder material (B) in the coating liquid for conductive layer are in a mass ratio (P/B) of from 1.5/1.0 to 3.5/1.0. The metal oxide particle is a titanium oxide particle coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus or tungsten. Where powder resistivity of the metal oxide particle is represented by x (Ω·cm) and powder resistivity of the titanium oxide particle as a core particle constituting the metal oxide particle is represented by y (Ω·cm), the y and the x satisfy the following relations (i) and (ii): 5.0×107≦y≦5.0×109 (i) 1.0×102≦y/x≦1.0×106 (ii).
摘要翻译:为了提供一种用于制造由于暗衰减增加而不容易引起灰雾的电子照相感光构件的制造方法,使用通过使用溶剂,粘合剂材料和粘合剂材料制备的导电层用涂布液形成导电层, 金属氧化物颗粒。 用于导电层的涂布液中的金属氧化物颗粒(P)和粘合剂材料(B)的质量比(P / B)为1.5 / 1.0至3.5 / 1.0。 金属氧化物颗粒是涂覆有掺杂有磷或钨的氧化锡的氧化钛颗粒。 其中金属氧化物颗粒的粉末电阻率由x(Ω·cm)表示,作为构成金属氧化物颗粒的核心颗粒的氧化钛颗粒的粉末电阻率由y(Ω·cm)表示,y和x满足 以下关系式(i)和(ii):5.0×107 @ y @ 5.0×109(i)1.0×102 @ y / x @ 1.0×106(ii)。