Abstract:
An image sensor having different bias voltages is provided. The image sensor may include a plurality of pixels configured to output pixel signals based on a received optical signal, and logic circuits configured to output the pixels signals as image data. The pixels may be formed on a first region of a semiconductor substrate, the first region being substrate biased to a first voltage. The logic circuits may be formed on a second region of the semiconductor substrate different from the first region, the second region being substrate biased to a second voltage different from the first voltage. A full-well capacitance (FWC) of the photodiode may be increased by applying the first voltage, which is a negative (−) voltage, to a photodiode of a pixel to reduce (or, alternatively prevent) a blooming effect.
Abstract:
Pixel arrays of an image sensor that include a first pixel and a second pixel adjacent the first pixel are provided. The first pixel may include a first photoelectric conversion device, a first charge storage device, a first floating diffusion node and a first transfer gate. The second pixel may include a second photoelectric conversion device, a second charge storage device, a second floating diffusion node and a second transfer gate. The pixel arrays may also include a storage gate on both the first charge storage device and the second charge storage device. The storage gate may have a unitary structure.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) burst in a communication system are provided. A transmitter obtains at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) according to a decoding order of a receiver which supports a HARQ mode. The receiver controls an order of at least one HARQ burst using burst information including a HARQ Channel IDentifier (ACID).
Abstract:
Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting apoptosis of neurons or neurodegeneration. The pharmaceutical composition effectively prevents or treats diseases related to apoptosis of neurons or neurodegeneration.
Abstract:
A base station in a wireless communication system and a method for controlling power by the same are provided. The method includes receiving channel state information from a mobile terminal, calculating information regarding a Modulation order Product code Rate (MPR) of the mobile terminal using the channel state information, and controlling transmission power for the mobile terminal according to the information regarding the MPR.
Abstract:
A photoelectric conversion module including a pair of substrates facing each other and forming a space for containing an electrolyte therein, a sealing member placed along the edges of the pair of substrates to seal the electrolyte, defining a plurality of photoelectric cells between the pair of substrates, and having an open portion to form an electrolyte inlet, and an inlet sealer formed along the electrolyte inlet. The photoelectric conversion module has improved durability, reliability, and mass-productivity.
Abstract:
A dye for dye-sensitized solar cells includes an organometallic complex represented by M(L)pX2:(Z)q. In the organometallic complex, M is a Group 8 through Group 10 metallic element, L is a bidentate ligand, X is a co-ligand, and Z is a counter-ion. The ratio of the bidentate ligand (L) to the counter-ion (Z) is about 1.1 to about 1.4. A method of preparing an exemplary dye includes mixing the organometallic complex with tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to prepare a solution, and purifying the solution at a pH of about 3.8 to about 4.1. A dye-sensitized solar cell includes a first electrode with a light absorbing layer, a second electrode and an electrolyte between the first and second electrodes. The light absorbing layer includes the dye.
Abstract:
An image interpolating method and apparatus, in which horizontal and vertical Differences of Absolute Inter-channel Differences (DAIDs) are calculated from a color filter array (CFA) image, and an unknown pixel is interpolated in horizontal and vertical directions estimated in consideration of the DAIDs of R, G, and B pixels. Therefore, the image interpolating method and apparatus provide a large Peak Signal and Noise Ratio (PSNR), a Structural Similarity (SSIM), and high visual quality images.
Abstract:
A dye-sensitized solar cell that includes a semiconductor layer, to which a photosensitive dye generating electrons is adhered; a photo electrode disposed on a side of the semiconductor layer so as to transfer electrons; and an auxiliary electrode disposed on the other side of the semiconductor layer so as to transfer the electrons, and at least one semiconductor layer and at least one auxiliary electrode are stacked alternatively. Thus, an amount of molecules of the photosensitive dye may be increased without increasing the moving distance of electrons, and the efficiency of the solar cell may be increased.
Abstract:
A dye-sensitized solar cell that includes a semiconductor layer, to which a photosensitive dye generating electrons is adhered; a photo electrode disposed on a side of the semiconductor layer so as to transfer electrons; and an auxiliary electrode disposed on the other side of the semiconductor layer so as to transfer the electrons, and at least one semiconductor layer and at least one auxiliary electrode are stacked alternatively. Thus, an amount of molecules of the photosensitive dye may be increased without increasing the moving distance of electrons, and the efficiency of the solar cell may be increased.