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1.发明授权Gradiometric measurement methodology for determining magnetic fields of large objects 失效用于确定大型物体磁场的Gradiometric测量方法公开(公告)号：US06714008B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-30
申请号：US10206761
申请日：2002-07-29
申请人： John J. Holmes , John F. Scarzello , Bruce R. Hood
发明人： John J. Holmes , John F. Scarzello , Bruce R. Hood
IPC分类号： G01R3300
CPC分类号： G01R33/022
摘要： Gradiometers are encompassingly disposed, relative to an object of interest, in a configuration generally describing a closed prolate spheroidal shape, and the measurements taken by the gradiometers are mathematically processed. The gradiometric measurements are defined as directional derivatives which exist in equations involving directional derivatives and prolate spheroidal multipole moments of said entity. The prolate spheroidal multipole moments are thereby calculated, and these prolate spheroidal multipole moment values are extrapolated to ascertain the magnetic fields (equivalently expressed, the magnetic signatures) associated with the object and inwardly delimited by the prolate spheroid. The practitioner can optimize such distribution numerically, orientationally and/or positionally by using the equations involving directional derivatives and prolate spheroidal multipole moments. Extraneous magnetic field effects (e.g., applied fields, earth fields) are inherently excluded, thus obviating the object's removal from an electromagnetic test facility.
摘要翻译： 辐射计相对于感兴趣的物体被概括地设置在通常描述闭合的长椭球形状的构型中，并且数学地处理由梯度计进行的测量。 梯度测量被定义为方程导数，其存在于涉及方向导数和所述实体的长圆球形多极矩的方程中。 由此计算出长椭球形多极矩，并推断出这些长椭球多极矩值，以确定与物体相关的磁场（等价表示为磁特征），并由长椭球体内向界定。 从业者可以通过使用涉及方向导数和长圆球形多极矩的方程来数字，方向和/或位置优化这种分布。 固有地排除了外部磁场效应（例如，施加的场，地球场），从而避免了物体从电磁测试设备的移除。
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2.发明授权Vehicle presence, speed and length detecting system and roadway installed detector therefor 失效车辆存在，速度和长度检测系统和道路安装检测器公开(公告)号：US06208268B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US08054166
申请日：1993-04-30
申请人： John F Scarzello , Daniel S. Lenko , Adam C. Feaga
发明人： John F Scarzello , Daniel S. Lenko , Adam C. Feaga
IPC分类号： G08G101
摘要： An improved detector is provided for installation in a roadway surface. The detector finds utility in a highway vehicle detection system for determining vehicle presence, vehicle speed and vehicle length. First and second matched induction coil magnetic sensors are maintained at or near the roadway surface. Each of the sensors has a longitudinal axis aligned normal to the roadway surface. The first and second sensors are separated from one another by a known distance in a direction substantially aligned with a direction of traffic flow. Each of the sensors generate a differential magnetic field signature with respect to time to indicate a passing vehicle's leading and trailing edge magnetic signatures. Vehicle speed is determined by a time-distance relationship using the leading and trailing edge magnetic signatures and the known distance. Vehicle length is determined by a time-speed relationship using the leading and trailing edge magnetic signatures and the determined vehicle speed. A triaxial magnetometer maintained at a location in close proximity to the first and second sensors measures a DC magnetic field. The DC magnetic field has vertical and horizontal magnetic field components with the horizontal components including a component substantially aligned with the direction of traffic flow and a component substantially perpendicular to the direction of traffic flow. The vertical and horizontal components caused by the passing vehicle are used to determine vehicle presence. An ELF communications system may be incorporated with the detector to link roadside and vehicle transmitted/received information.
摘要翻译： 提供改进的检测器用于安装在道路表面中。 检测器在公路车辆检测系统中可用于确定车辆存在，车辆速度和车辆长度。 第一和第二匹配的感应线圈磁传感器保持在道路表面处或附近。 每个传感器具有与道路表面正交对准的纵向轴线。 第一和第二传感器在基本上与交通流的方向对齐的方向上彼此隔开已知的距离。 每个传感器相对于时间产生差分磁场签名，以指示经过的车辆的前缘和后缘磁性签名。 车速由使用前后磁性签名和已知距离的时间距离关系确定。 车辆长度由使用前后缘磁性签名和所确定的车辆速度的时间速度关系确定。 维持在靠近第一和第二传感器的位置处的三轴磁力计测量直流磁场。 直流磁场具有垂直和水平的磁场分量，水平分量包括基本上与交通流的方向对齐的分量和基本上垂直于交通流的方向的分量。 由过往车辆引起的垂直和水平部件用于确定车辆存在。 ELF通信系统可以与检测器结合以连接路边和车辆发送/接收的信息。
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公开(公告)号：US5038103A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-06
申请号：US725709
申请日：1985-04-22
申请人： John F. Scarzello , Jack Finkel
发明人： John F. Scarzello , Jack Finkel
IPC分类号： G01R33/032
CPC分类号： G01R33/0322
摘要： An optical fiber magnetometer having omnidirectional capability is disclo herein for measuring a total magnetic field independent of its physical orientation or the direction of the field or fields. A relatively long optical fiber defining a sensing arm for exposure to a magnetic field is wound in the form of a spheroid (like rubber bands on a golf ball or yarn threads on a baseball) to provide optical path lengths of substantially the same total length in every direction through the spheroid winding. The plane of polarization of light transmitted through the optical fiber winding is caused to rotate (Faraday effect) when the fiber or components thereof is exposed parallel to a magnetic field. The extent of plane rotation is determined, inter alia, by the total magnetic field passing through the spheroid winding.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了具有全向能力的光纤磁力计用于测量独立于其物理取向或场或场的方向的总磁场。 限定用于暴露于磁场的感测臂的相对长的光纤以球体（如高尔夫球上的橡皮筋或棒球上的纱线线）的形式被卷绕，以提供基本相同的总长度的光路长度 每个方向通过球体绕组。 当光纤或其部件平行于磁场暴露时，透过光纤绕组的光的偏振平面被旋转（法拉第效应）。 平面旋转的程度尤其由通过球体绕组的总磁场确定。
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公开(公告)号：US07149150B1
公开(公告)日：2006-12-12
申请号：US11151182
申请日：2005-05-26
IPC分类号： G02B6/00
摘要： A plurality of sensing modules are deployed by positioning thereof in spaced relation to each other on a seafloor surface at a shallow depth to establish a targeted seawater zone within which certain conditions are detected, such as those produced by the presence of a sea vessel such as a submarine within the targeted zone. Data signals are generated within the deployed sensing modules in response to said detection of the submarine for radio frequency transmission above the seawater targeted zone from floating transmitters ejected from the sensing modules positioned on the seafloor surface after detection of the submarine.
摘要翻译： 多个感测模块通过在浅深度的海底表面上以彼此间隔开的关系来定位，以建立目标海水区域，在该区域内检测到某些条件，例如由海上存在产生的那些，例如 目标区内的潜艇。 在部署的感测模块之后，响应于所述潜艇的检测，在用于在检测到潜艇之后从位于海底表面上的感测模块弹出的浮动发射机之上的海水目标区域上方的射频传输的所述检测中产生数据信号。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06417665B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-09
申请号：US09517560
申请日：2000-03-02
IPC分类号： G01R3304
CPC分类号： G01R33/045
摘要： A magnetic field sensor based on fluxgate magnetometric principles includes a magnetic core having a highly elongated oblong configuration and accordingly defining a closed magnetic flux path. The core includes flexible amorphous magnetic material. A drive winding is wound about each of two linear sections of the core. The two drive winding-wound linear core sections are closely coupled in parallel adjacent disposition. A sense winding is wound about the drive winding-wound core, thereby forming a narrow unitary strip-like sensor construction which, depending on the embodiment, can be practically any length. Typically, a very long sensor is situated huggingly or abuttingly with respect to a great expanse of a ferromagnetic material surface. The sensor is capable of generating a detectable signal which is representative of the “integration” of magnetic field components over the length of the core. The invention's integrative function minimizes measurement skewing or distortion attributable to anomalous characteristics of the ferromagnetic material being sensed. The invention's “integrative” sensor admits of systematic association with any number and diverse kinds of “point” sensors, in furtherance of more complete data acquisition.
摘要翻译： 基于磁通门磁力计原理的磁场传感器包括具有高度细长椭圆形构造并因此限定闭合磁通路径的磁芯。 芯包括柔性非晶磁性材料。 驱动绕组围绕芯的两个线性部分中的每一个缠绕。 两个驱动绕组的线性芯部分相邻配置紧密耦合。 感应绕组缠绕在驱动绕线芯上，从而形成窄的单一条状传感器结构，根据实施例，传感器结构实际上可以是任何长度。 通常，非常长的传感器相对于铁磁材料表面的大片而拥挤地或邻接地位置。 该传感器能够产生可检测的信号，其表示在磁芯长度上的磁场分量的“积分”。 本发明的综合功能最小化了由感测的铁磁材料的异常特性引起的测量偏移或失真。 本发明的“综合”传感器承认与任何数量多样的“点”传感器的系统关联，以促进更完整的数据采集。
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公开(公告)号：US06344743B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-05
申请号：US09262932
申请日：1999-03-05
申请人： John J. Holmes , John F. Scarzello
发明人： John J. Holmes , John F. Scarzello
IPC分类号： G01R3302
CPC分类号： G01R33/045
摘要： The invention uniquely avails of Fourier analytical principles for determining the distribution of a magnetic field in a one-dimensional (linear), two-dimensional (planar) or three-dimensional (spatial) region of interest. According to many embodiments, integrating sensor apparatus having an associated length is inventively implemented so as to measure the magnetic field amplitude value for each of two or more different points. Alternating current is applied at at least one high frequency whereby, for each such frequency, the associated wavelength corresponds to some multiple of the sensor's length. Coiled around the sensor is/are one or more solenoids which is/are configured so as to establish a standing wave along the sensor's length. Inventive adaptation of the sensor's integrating function basically entails regarding a Fourier-type harmonic bias function as being consequential of the standing wave. A Fourier coefficient is thus inventively found for each selected multiple of the sensor's length. The invention is especially advantageous because a single inventive sensor is capable of measuring a magnetic field distribution of virtually unlimited expanse, the extensiveness of which would conventionally require a multiplicity of arrayed sensors.
摘要翻译： 本发明独特地用于确定感兴趣的一维（线性），二维（平面）或三维（空间）区域中的磁场分布的傅立叶分析原理。 根据许多实施例，本发明实现具有相关联长度的积分传感器装置，以便测量两个或多个不同点中的每一个的磁场振幅值。 交替电流以至少一个高频率施加，由此，对于每个这样的频率，相关波长对应于传感器长度的一些倍数。 传感器周围卷绕有一个或多个螺线管，其被构造成沿着传感器的长度建立驻波。 传感器集成功能的发明性适应性主要涉及傅里叶型谐波偏置功能，因此是驻波的结果。 因此，针对传感器长度的每个所选择的倍数，发现傅立叶系数。 本发明是特别有利的，因为单个本发明的传感器能够测量几乎无限宽的磁场分布，其广泛性通常需要多个阵列传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US5886661A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-23
申请号：US48101
申请日：1993-04-16
摘要： A detection and classification system for underwater objects uses a transting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit comprises a waveform generator, a power amplifier, and a transmitting antenna. The receiving unit comprises a receiving antenna, a pre-amplifier, a first harmonic suppressor, a digitizer, and a computer. The transmitting unit radiates an analog electromagnetic wave signal into a conductive medium such as seawater which the receiving unit detects and analyzes by a differential spectral analysis after conversion of the signal into binary code.The system uses a signal-processing method which includes the steps of determining the size of the underwater object to be detected, transmitting an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength proportioned to the size of the object, performing a spectral analysis of the received signal, performing a spectral analysis at a different time or different location, comparing the two spectra performed, and analyzing the difference between the two spectra.
摘要翻译： 水下物体的检测和分类系统使用发射单元和接收单元。 发送单元包括波形发生器，功率放大器和发送天线。 接收单元包括接收天线，前置放大器，第一谐波抑制器，数字转换器和计算机。 发射单元将模拟电磁波信号辐射到诸如海水的导电介质中，接收单元在将信号转换成二进制码之后通过差分光谱分析检测和分析。 该系统使用信号处理方法，该方法包括以下步骤：确定要检测的水下物体的大小，发送具有与物体大小成比例的波长的电磁波，对接收信号进行光谱分析，执行 在不同时间或不同位置的光谱分析，比较所执行的两个光谱，并分析两个光谱之间的差异。
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公开(公告)号：US06278272B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09517558
申请日：2000-03-02
IPC分类号： G01R3304
CPC分类号： G01R33/045
摘要： A magnetic field sensor based on fluxgate magnetometric principles includes a magnetic core having an elongated oblong configuration and accordingly defining a closed magnetic flux path. The core includes a rigid bobbin which defines the core's shape, and about which amorphous magnetic material is wrapped. A drive winding is wound about each of the two parallel linear sections of the core. A sense winding is wound about another rigid bobbin which surrounds the drive winding-wound core. Typically, a feedback winding is wound about another rigid bobbin which surrounds the sense winding. When, for sensing purposes, the driven sensor is situated near and parallel to a ferromagnetic material surface, the sensor is capable of generating a detectable signal which is representative of the “integration” of magnetic field components over the length of the core. The invention's integrative function minimizes measurement skewing or distortion attributable to anomalous characteristics of the ferromagnetic material being sensed.
摘要翻译： 基于磁通门磁力计原理的磁场传感器包括具有细长椭圆形构造并因此限定闭合磁通路径的磁芯。 芯包括限定芯的形状的刚性线轴，以及围绕其形成非晶磁性材料。 驱动绕组缠绕在芯的两个平行线段中的每一个上。 感测绕组缠绕在围绕驱动绕组磁芯的另一个刚性线轴上。 通常，反馈绕组缠绕在围绕感测绕组的另一个刚性线轴上。 为了感测目的，当驱动传感器位于铁磁材料表面附近并平行时，传感器能够产生可检测的信号，该信号代表磁芯长度上的磁场分量的“积分”。 本发明的综合功能最小化了由感测的铁磁材料的异常特性引起的测量偏移或失真。
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公开(公告)号：US5440232A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US186711
申请日：1993-12-06
CPC分类号： G01R29/0857
摘要： A portable electromagnetic field exposure dosimeter includes a triaxial fite-loaded coil sensor, a group of amplifiers and bandpass filters, a data control board, and a computer. The triaxial sensor receives electromagnetic radiation along three orthogonal axes for measurement which is channelled through a group of amplifiers and then bandpass filtered into three frequency signal ranges. One frequency range corresponds to exposure at 60 Hz and two of its harmonics. The second frequency range corresponds to high frequency pulsed energy. The third frequency range reflects body motion of a tested individual. The data control board converts such filtered signals into digital code and controls the flow of the converted data to random access memory and to the computer. The computer performs a Fast Fourier Transform on the converted data from the 60 Hz frequency range and then stores or displays the analyzed data as a function of frequency and time. The computer also stores or displays the data from the other two frequency ranges.
摘要翻译： 便携式电磁场曝光剂量计包括三轴铁氧体负载线圈传感器，一组放大器和带通滤波器，数据控制板和计算机。 三轴传感器沿着三个正交轴测量接收电磁辐射，通过一组放大器，然后带通滤波成三个频率信号范围。 一个频率范围对应于在60Hz和两个谐波的曝光。 第二频率范围对应于高频脉冲能量。 第三个频率范围反映了测试个体的身体运动。 数据控制板将这些经滤波的信号转换为数字代码，并将转换的数据的流程控制为随机存取存储器和计算机。 计算机对来自60Hz频率范围的转换数据执行快速傅里叶变换，然后存储或显示分析数据作为频率和时间的函数。 计算机还存储或显示来自其他两个频率范围的数据。
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公开(公告)号：US4323900A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US80596
申请日：1979-10-01
摘要： An electrically short, omnidirectional antenna formed with a strip conduc helically wound about the outside of a cylindrical ground plane. A layer (ideally, a very thick layer) of a nonconducting material preferably with a low dielectrical constant (i.e., .epsilon..sub.r .perspectiveto.1.0) separates the microstrip from the ground plane.
摘要翻译： 一种电气短的全向天线，其形成有螺旋缠绕在圆柱形接地平面外部的带状导体。 非导电材料的层（理想地，非常厚的层）优选地具有低介电常数（即，ε＆amp;＆amp; 1.0），将微带与接地平面分开。
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