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1.发明授权Process for carbothermic production of alkaline earth metal aluminide and recovery of same 失效碱土金属铝化物的碳热生产方法及其回收方法
公开(公告)号：US4812168A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US946200
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C22B26/20 , C22B21/04 , C22B7/04 , C22C1/00 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and them removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，以通过与铁合金除去硅，并除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4769069A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US946199
申请日：1986-12-24
CPC分类号： C22B26/22 , C22B21/02 , C22B21/04 , C22B26/20 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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公开(公告)号：US4737247A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US887638
申请日：1986-07-21
申请人： Noel Jarrett , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Noel Jarrett , Melvin H. Brown
摘要： This invention includes apparatus and method for providing a support mechanism for electrode assemblies including positioning spacer of electrically nonconductive material having an inside surface forming an internal cavity and a heat pipe for passing a heat transfer fluid through the cavity along the inside surface. The heat pipe transfers heat away from the positioning spacer to form a protective layer of frozen bath around the positioning spacer.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于提供用于电极组件的支撑机构的装置和方法，包括具有形成内腔的内表面的非导电材料的定位隔板和用于使传热流体沿着内表面通过腔的热管。 热管将热量从定位垫片传送出去，以形成围绕定位垫片的冷冻保护层。
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公开(公告)号：US4702181A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-27
申请号：US934424
申请日：1986-11-24
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
摘要： A cyclone separator is disclosed for effectively separating a gaseous or liquid medium from solid particles or for separating two or more similar substances by size or weight. The cyclone separator includes a chamber having a cylindrical member closed off by lower and upper end walls. A first inlet is tangentially formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical chamber and provides a means for introducing a first substance, for example, a carbonaceous fuel. A second inlet is also tangentially formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical chamber above and at an inclined angle to the first inlet. A second substance, for example, pressurized air, can be routed through the second inlet so as to combine with the fuel to form a combustible mixture. The mixture is circulated at a high velocity in an upwardly extending spiral path to promote burning and to produce combustible gas and ash. After the fuel has burned, the ash is removed from the cylindrical chamber through an oulet formed in the outer periphery of the upper wall while the hot combustible gas is removed through an outlet tube coaxially positioned within the cylindrical chamber. The outlet tube contains one or more peripheral openings which are sized and arranged to permit the combustible gas to enter the interior of the tube and be exhausted to the atmosphere. The surface adjacent to the peripheral openings can be curved to require a greater angular turn in order for a gas to enter the tube.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种旋风分离器，用于有效地将气体或液体介质与固体颗粒分离，或用于通过尺寸或重量分离两种或更多类似物质。 旋风分离器包括具有由下端壁和上端壁封闭的圆柱形构件的室。 第一入口在圆柱形腔室的下部切向形成并且提供用于引入第一物质例如碳质燃料的装置。 第二入口也在圆柱形腔室的下部切向形成，并且与第一入口成倾斜的角度。 第二物质，例如加压空气，可以通过第二入口，以便与燃料结合形成可燃混合物。 混合物以高速度在向上延伸的螺旋路径中循环以促进燃烧并产生可燃气体和灰分。 在燃料燃烧之后，灰尘通过形成在上壁的外周中的小口从圆筒形室中除去，同时热可燃气体通过同轴位于圆筒室内的出口管去除。 出口管包含一个或多个外围开口，其尺寸和布置为允许可燃气体进入管内部并排放到大气中。 与外围开口相邻的表面可以是弯曲的，以便气体进入管中需要较大的角度转动。
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公开(公告)号：US4685514A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-11
申请号：US812408
申请日：1985-12-23
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： F28F13/12 , Y10S165/904
摘要： The present invention provides heat transfer apparatus and method for enhancing the heat transfer of fluid passing along a tubular heat exchange surface including positioning a heat exchange insert of planar or, sheet-like shape to form an unobstructed area of about 20%-80% of the tubular cross section. The heat exchange insert is constructed of a material having an absorptance and emittance to provide high radiative heat transfer over a substantially unobstructed line of sight between the insert surface and the tubular surface. Heat exchange inserts are further positioned in the tube or pipe to increase the mass of fluid contacting the insert by alternating the position of insert in the tube.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于增强沿着管状热交换表面通过的流体的传热的传热装置和方法，包括定位平面或片状形状的热交换插入件，以形成约20％-80％的无阻碍面积 管状截面。 热交换插入件由具有吸收和发射的材料构成，以在插入表面和管状表面之间的基本上无阻碍的视线上提供高辐射热传递。 热交换插入件进一步定位在管或管中，以通过交替插入件在管中的位置来增加与插入件接触的流体的质量。
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公开(公告)号：US4622111A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-11
申请号：US488754
申请日：1983-04-26
摘要： Disclosed is an electrolytic cell including first and second inclined or nonhorizontal electrodes, means for holding the first electrode in position relative to the second electrode to form an inter-electrode zone of specified dimension, wherein the first electrode is held essentially free from support by the internal surfaces of the cell, and conductive means for electrically connecting one electrode to a separate liquid pad of higher conductivity than the electrolyte.Also disclosed is an electrolytic method including establishing first and second inclined or nonhorizontal electrodes in relative position in an electrolytic cell to form an inter-electrode zone of specified dimension for containing an electrolyte, supporting the first electrode essentially free from support by an internal cell surface, and connecting one electrode electrically with a separate liquid pad of higher conductivity than the electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种包括第一和第二倾斜或非水平电极的电解池，用于将第一电极相对于第二电极保持在适当位置的装置，以形成具有特定尺寸的电极间区域，其中第一电极基本上不受 电池的内表面和用于将一个电极电连接到比电解质更高导电性的单独液体焊盘的导电装置。 还公开了一种电解方法，包括在电解池中相对位置建立第一和第二倾斜或非水平电极，以形成用于容纳电解质的特定尺寸的电极间区域，其支撑基本上不受内部电池表面支撑的第一电极 并且将一个电极与具有比电解质更高的导电性的单独的液体焊盘电连接。
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公开(公告)号：US4359532A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US185178
申请日：1980-09-08
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C13K1/00 , A23J1/007 , Y10S435/801 , Y10S435/813
摘要： An improved method suitable for extracting glucose from green crops, such as leaves, grasses, legumes, stems of green plants and tree leaves. The method comprises the steps of subjecting the green crops to a pulping action in an organic acid solution recirculated from a subsequent fermentation separation step to produce a pulp comprising a protein-rich liquid and fibrous material, separating protein-rich liquid in the pulp from the fibrous material and separating protein from the protein-rich liquid by initiating anaerobic fermentation in an acidic solution thereby providing a concentrated protein fraction suitable for preservation and an acidic solution. At least a portion of the acidic solution is recycled to the separation step, the recycling of the solution being provided for purposes of washing the fibrous material to remove residual protein therefrom. The fibrous material is then subjected to hydrolysis with at least one material selected from the group consisting of mineral acids and enzymes to permit increased recovery of glucose.
摘要翻译： 一种适用于从绿色作物（如叶，草，豆类，绿色植物和树叶茎）中提取葡萄糖的改进方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：使绿色作物在随后的发酵分离步骤再循环的有机酸溶液中进行制浆作用以产生包含富含蛋白质的液体和纤维材料的纸浆，从纸浆中分离富含蛋白质的液体 通过在酸性溶液中进行厌氧发酵，从富含蛋白质的液体中分离蛋白质，从而提供适合于保存的浓缩蛋白质级分和酸性溶液。 将酸性溶液的至少一部分再循环到分离步骤中，为了洗涤纤维材料以除去残留的蛋白质而提供溶液的再循环。 然后将纤维材料用至少一种选自无机酸和酶的材料进行水解，以允许增加葡萄糖的回收率。
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公开(公告)号：US4359530A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US185177
申请日：1980-09-08
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： A23J1/007 , Y10S435/801 , Y10S435/813 , Y10S530/859
摘要： A method of extracting protein from green crops such as leaves, grasses, legumes, stems of green plants and tree leaves is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of subjecting the green crops to a pulping action in an acid solution recirculated from a subsequent anaerobic fermentation step to produce a pulp comprising a protein-rich liquid and fibrous material. The protein-rich liquid in the pulp is separated from the fibrous material. The protein is separated from the protein-rich liquid by anaerobic fermentation in an acidic solution thereby providing a concentrated protein fraction suitable for preservation and an acidic solution at least a portion of which is recycled to insure further removal of protein from the fibrous material.
摘要翻译： 公开了从绿色作物如叶，草，豆类，绿色植物和树叶的茎中提取蛋白质的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：使绿色作物在从随后的厌氧发酵步骤再循环的酸溶液中进行制浆作用以产生包含富含蛋白质的液体和纤维材料的纸浆。 纸浆中富含蛋白质的液体与纤维材料分离。 通过在酸性溶液中厌氧发酵将蛋白质与富含蛋白质的液体分离，从而提供适合于保存的浓缩蛋白质级分和至少一部分酸性溶液被再循环以确保从纤维材料中进一步除去蛋白质。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4770696A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US946001
申请日：1986-12-24
CPC分类号： C22B21/0053
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4724054A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-09
申请号：US946005
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： Melvin H. Brown , C. Norman Cochran
发明人： Melvin H. Brown , C. Norman Cochran
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound, forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料中碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的成渣的混合物，形成 在第一温度下，在炉渣中含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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