摘要:
Fluid separation method and apparatus for simultaneously carrying out dialysis and ultrafiltration and exactly controlling the ultrafiltration rate is disclosed. The method and apparatus is concerned with a dialysis system comprising the combination of a fluid separating device; one or more units for dialysate each unit, each unit comprising a pair of dialysate chambers separated by at least one partition which is movable or transformable while keeping the over-all volume of a pair of dialysate chambers constant; a variable speed dialysate feed pump; a variable speed dialysate discharge pump; and other devices e.g. monitoring devices.Fresh dialysate is fed from one of the dialysate chambers into the dialysate inlet of the fluid separating device; separation treatment is carried out through the semi-permeable membrane of the fluid separating device; waste dialysate is discharged from the dialysate outlet of the fluid separating device into the dialysate chamber and the over-all volume of this closed circuit is maintained constant. The controlled ultrafiltrate is exactly discharged from the closed circuit by an ultrafiltration pump; and a continuous operation is carried out in a plurality of units for exchanging dialysate alternately.
摘要:
An improved apparatus for controlling a mass flow rate of liquid in a chemical process, wherein a control system for regulating a mass flow rate of liquid in a liquid passage of the process is automatically controlled in accordance with a deviation between a reference input of mass flow rate of liquid, and an average mass flow rate of liquid measured by a particularly designed measuring device. The measuring device is provided with a liquid container which is disposed in a liquid passage of the process and supported by a weighing mechanism. An opening or closing means and an automatic means for regulating the mass flow rate of liquid are mounted separately on the liquid passage at both opposed sides of the liquid container respectively, and the automatic regulating means is actuated as mentioned above. After opening or closing the opening or closing means, a weight difference Delta W of liquid contained in the liquid container is measured at two measuring instances which are separated by a time interval Delta T, then the average mass flow rate of the liquid is integrally calculated by an equation ( Delta W/ Delta T). The measuring of the liquid weight is carried out together with measuring the net weight of the liquid container by way of the weighing mechanism.
摘要:
A vibratory plate of pulp and chopped carbon fibers mixed uniformly in the paper. The pulp is thoroughly beaten to a degree not higher than 300 cc. of Canadian standard freeness.