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公开(公告)号：US4292638A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-29
申请号：US154099
申请日：1971-06-17
CPC分类号： G01K11/006 , G01R29/0892 , G01S13/106 , G01S13/346
摘要： An improved microwave radiometric system features the employment of incoherent noise illumination of a selected target for improving the measured radiometric temperature contrast between the target and its spatial background and for increasing the distance at which such a target may be detected. Broad band noise illumination is cyclically transmitted and the receiver is cyclically activated in the high frequency signal comparison system under control of a phase locking loop so that optimum comparison is achieved over a variety of target distances.
摘要翻译： 改进的微波辐射系统特征在于使用所选目标的非相干噪声照明，以改善目标和其空间背景之间的测量的辐射温度对比度，并且用于增加可以检测这样的目标的距离。 在相位锁定环路的控制下，宽频带噪声照明被循环地传输并且在高频信号比较系统中周期地激活接收机，以便在各种目标距离上实现最佳比较。
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公开(公告)号：US06439763B2
公开(公告)日：2002-08-27
申请号：US09780754
申请日：2001-02-08
IPC分类号： G01K730
CPC分类号： G01K15/00 , G01K11/006
摘要： A radiometer calibrating system utilizes an adjustable noise source for calibrating a radiometer. The noise source includes a transistor configured as a noise equivalent circuit having a gate port, drain port and source port. A source inductance providing series feedback for the noise source has one end coupled to the source port of the noise equivalent circuit and another end connected to the ground. A bias circuit controls the amount of DC bias applied to the noise equivalent circuit. In order to match the impedances in the noise source, an output impedance matching network is connected to the drain port and an input impedance matching network is connected to the gate port of the noise equivalent circuit. The output and input impedance networks have an output port and input port, respectively. Included in the noise source is a port switch that terminates a matched load to the output port when a cold thermal radiation temperature is generated at the input port, and alternatively, the port switch terminates the matched load to the input port when the warm thermal radiation temperature is generated at the output port.
摘要翻译： 辐射计校准系统利用可调噪声源来校准辐射计。 噪声源包括配置为具有栅极端口，漏极端口和源极端口的噪声等效电路的晶体管。 为噪声源提供串联反馈的源电感有一端耦合到噪声等效电路的源端口，另一端连接到地。 偏置电路控制施加到噪声等效电路的DC偏置量。 为了匹配噪声源中的阻抗，输出阻抗匹配网络连接到漏极端口，输入阻抗匹配网络连接到噪声等效电路的门口。 输出和输入阻抗网络分别具有输出端口和输入端口。 包括在噪声源中的是端口开关，当在输入端口处产生冷的热辐射温度时，端口开关终止与输出端口匹配的负载，或者当温热辐射时，端口开关终止与输入端口的匹配负载 在输出端口产生温度。
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公开(公告)号：US4665401A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-12
申请号：US195809
申请日：1980-10-10
申请人： John T. Garrard , Jack E. Gregg , Robert S. Roeder
发明人： John T. Garrard , Jack E. Gregg , Robert S. Roeder
CPC分类号： F41G7/2246 , F41G7/2286 , G01S13/68 , G01S13/72
摘要： A high frequency target seeking device, using a stabilized reflector antenna, performs range search and tracking functions and target angle search and tracking functions. A technique is provided for target range discrimination using several narrow band i.f. filters, also thereby improving signal-to-clutter ratio and signal-to-receiver noise ratio. Target search is accomplished with simultaneous range and antenna azimuth scanning, with the range bins and the antenna beam swept across the target. A multiplexer selects the range bin having signals indicative of the target. Target range tracking is accomplished by the multiplexer additionally automatically selecting range bins adjacent to the target's range bin and comparing their output signals. Antenna stabilization is accomplished utilizing signals from vehicle pitch, roll, and yaw rate sensors, and antenna elevation and azimuth rate and angle sensors. These signals are processed in the antenna control circuit according to predetermined relationships to provide the desired antenna stabilization.
摘要翻译： 使用稳定的反射器天线的高频目标寻找装置执行范围搜索和跟踪功能以及目标角度搜索和跟踪功能。 提供了一种用于使用几个窄带i.f的目标范围鉴别的技术。 滤波器，从而提高信噪比和信号与接收机的噪声比。 目标搜索通过同时范围和天线方位扫描完成，范围仓和天线波束扫过目标。 复用器选择具有指示目标的信号的范围bin。 目标范围跟踪通过多路复用器实现，另外自动选择与目标范围仓相邻的范围仓并比较其输出信号。 使用来自车辆俯仰，侧倾和横摆率传感器的信号以及天线仰角和方位速率和角度传感器来实现天线稳定。 这些信号根据预定的关系在天线控制电路中进行处理以提供期望的天线稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US4551728A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-05
申请号：US515423
申请日：1983-07-20
摘要： An apparatus for rapidly starting and stopping a conical scan antenna beam in which a feed rotating about a centerline provides a non-conical scan antenna beam during a search mode. When a target is detected a solenoid moves an actuator pin which displaces one end of the feed from the centerline providing a conical scan antenna beam for target tracking.
摘要翻译： 一种用于快速启动和停止锥形扫描天线波束的装置，其中围绕中心线旋转的进给在搜索模式期间提供非圆锥形扫描天线波束。 当检测到目标时，螺线管移动致动器销，该致动器销从中心线移动进给的一端，提供锥形扫描天线波束用于目标跟踪。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4200871A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-29
申请号：US906291
申请日：1978-05-15
CPC分类号： G01S13/341 , G01S13/586
摘要： A continuous-wave frequency-modulation active radiometric target seeking device performs search, acquisition, and tracking functions. A technique is provided for target range discrimination and recognition using a pair of narrow band i.f. filters also improving both signal-to-clutter ratio and signal-to-receiver noise ratio. Target search is accomplished with simultaneous and synchronized range and antenna azimuth scanning with range bins effectively swept across the target by variably modulating the transmitted carrier frequency. Recognition of a substantially point target is achieved by a bipolar pulse discriminator responsive to the i.f. filter pair. Upon target acquisition, tracking is maintained by imposing a high frequency dither upon the modulation frequency in a closed loop control using only a single i.f. filter.
摘要翻译： 连续波频率调制有源辐射目标寻找装置执行搜索，采集和跟踪功能。 提供了一种使用一对窄带i.f的目标范围鉴别和识别技术。 滤波器还提高了信号与杂波比和信号与接收机的噪声比。 目标搜索通过同步和同步的范围和天线方位扫描来实现，其中范围仓通过可变地调制发射的载波频率而有效扫过目标。 通过响应于i.f.的双极性脉冲鉴别器来实现基本点目标的识别。 过滤器对。 在目标获取时，通过在仅使用单个i.f的闭环控制中对调制频率施加高频抖动来维持跟踪。 过滤。
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公开(公告)号：US08485722B1
公开(公告)日：2013-07-16
申请号：US12904855
申请日：2010-10-14
IPC分类号： G01J5/00
CPC分类号： G01K11/006
摘要： According to certain embodiments, a temperature measurement system includes a radiometer coupled to an antenna and a signal processor. The radiometer is operable to generate two or more signals representing electro-magnetic radiation received at a corresponding two or more differing frequencies. The signal processor receives the two or more signals from the radiometer while the antenna is placed adjacent to a surface of a substrate, and compares the two or more signals with one another to determine a brightness temperature of the substrate at a depth of the substrate from the antenna.
摘要翻译： 根据某些实施例，温度测量系统包括耦合到天线和信号处理器的辐射计。 辐射计可操作以产生表示以相应的两个或更多个不同频率接收的电磁辐射的两个或更多个信号。 信号处理器在将天线放置在与衬底表面相邻的位置处接收来自辐射计的两个或更多个信号，并且将两个或多个信号彼此进行比较，以确定衬底深度处的衬底的亮度温度 天线。
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公开(公告)号：US06834991B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US10253207
申请日：2002-09-23
申请人： Robert S. Roeder
发明人： Robert S. Roeder
IPC分类号： G01K1500
CPC分类号： G01K15/00 , G01K11/006
摘要： Apparatus and a method for radiometric temperature measurement comprises a radiometer receiver coupled to an antenna/calibration switch that has coupled thereto a brightness temperature signal. A driver coupled to the antenna/calibration switch controls the operation of the switch between an antenna mode and a calibration mode. An adjustable cold/warm noise source is coupled to the antenna/calibration switch to provide a calibration radiation temperature applied through the antenna/calibration switch in the calibration mode to the radiometer receiver. An output of the radiometer receiver is coupled to the adjustable cold/warm noise source and is adjusted in accordance with the output of the radiometer receiver for a null comparison measurement. Also coupled between the output of the radiometer receiver and the antenna/calibration switch is a mode selector switch that operates to a mode one position to couple the output of the radiometer receiver to the adjustable cold/warm noise source. A bias source is also coupled to the mode selector switch and actuation of the mode selector switch into a mode two position couples the bias source to the adjustable cold/warm noise source.
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公开(公告)号：US20080246669A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-09
申请号：US11947650
申请日：2007-11-29
IPC分类号： G01R29/08
摘要： In one embodiment, a system includes a first cold noise source, a first radiometer receiver, and a first detector. The first cold noise source generates a first thermal radiation signal having a first carrier frequency band. The first thermal radiation signal carries a first information signal. The first cold noise source also transmits the first thermal radiation signal through a first antenna. The first radiometer receiver receives the first thermal radiation signal through a second antenna, and the first detector extracts the first information signal from the first thermal radiation signal.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，系统包括第一冷噪声源，第一辐射计接收器和第一检测器。 第一冷噪声源产生具有第一载波频带的第一热辐射信号。 第一热辐射信号携带第一信息信号。 第一个冷噪声源还通过第一个天线传输第一个热辐射信号。 第一辐射计接收器通过第二天线接收第一热辐射信号，并且第一检测器从第一热辐射信号中提取第一信息信号。
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公开(公告)号：US6137440A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US963962
申请日：1997-11-04
申请人： Robert S. Roeder , Matthew C. Smith
发明人： Robert S. Roeder , Matthew C. Smith
IPC分类号： G01R35/00 , G01J1/10 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/46 , G01K11/00 , G01K15/00 , G01R29/08 , H03B5/18 , H03B29/00 , G01S3/02
CPC分类号： G01K15/00 , G01K11/006 , H03B29/00 , H03B5/1852
摘要： A microwave active noise source and method used for calibrating a radiometer includes a transistor configured as a noise equivalent model having a gate port, drain port and source port. During calibration of the radiometer the drain port is terminated and a bias circuit applies DC bias to the noise equivalent model. The bias circuit controls the DC bias such that a hot thermal radiation temperature and a cold thermal radiation temperature are alternately generated at the gate port of the noise equivalent model. A source inductance coupled to the source port of the noise equivalent model provides series feedback. To match the impedances in the noise source, an output matching impedance network is connected to the drain port and an input matching impedance network is connected to the gate port of the noise equivalent model. The input matching impedance network includes an input port for outputting the hot and cold thermal radiation temperatures used to calibrate the radiometer.
摘要翻译： 用于校准辐射计的微波有源噪声源和方法包括配置为噪声等效模型的晶体管，其具有栅极端口，漏极端口和源极端口。 在辐射计的校准期间，排放端口终止，偏置电路将DC偏置应用于噪声等效模型。 偏置电路控制DC偏压，使得在噪声等效模型的栅极端口交替地产生热的热辐射温度和冷的热辐射温度。 耦合到噪声等效模型的源端口的源极电感提供串联反馈。 为了匹配噪声源中的阻抗，输出匹配阻抗网络连接到漏极端口，输入匹配阻抗网络连接到噪声等效模型的门口。 输入匹配阻抗网络包括用于输出用于校准辐射计的热和冷热辐射温度的输入端口。
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公开(公告)号：US4338602A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-06
申请号：US171560
申请日：1980-07-23
CPC分类号： F41G7/226 , F41G7/2286
摘要： An air-to-ground tracking guidance system wherein a tracker/illuminator and a terminally guided seeker are utilized. Target track is initially established by the tracker/illuminator which also provides a target illuminating signal. Semi-active tracking utilizing the reflected target illuminating signal is employed by the seeker after launch. During this period of operation, the seeker is prevented from tracking the tracker/illuminator by means of a unique guard radiation system. The semi-active mode is supplemented by an active mode in which the seeker tracks reflections of a target illumination signal emitted therefrom and a passive mode during which the seeker tracks the radiometric thermal emission from the target. While in the semi-active mode, the seeker establishes a range track that is independent of the semi-active mode of operation. This permits the seeker to automatically convert the mode of operation to active and passive at the desired positions along the seeker's track.
摘要翻译： 一种空对地跟踪引导系统，其中使用跟踪器/照明器和终端引导的引导器。 目标轨道最初由跟踪器/照明器建立，跟踪器/照明器还提供目标照明信号。 引导者在启动后利用利用反射目标照明信号的半主动跟踪。 在这个操作期间，通过独特的防护辐射系统防止了探测器跟踪跟踪器/照明器。 半主动模式由激活模式补充，其中寻求者跟踪从其发射的目标照明信号的反射和被动模式，在该模式期间，寻求者跟踪来自目标的辐射热发射。 在半主动模式下，探测器建立一个独立于半主动操作模式的距离轨迹。 这样就可以使搜索者沿着寻求者的轨迹自动将操作模式转换为所需位置的主动和被动。
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