公开(公告)号：US6140647A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

申请号：US994787

申请日：1997-12-19

申请人： William T Welch ,  Roy R. Bledsoe ,  Brian K. Wilt ,  Michael B. Sumner

发明人： William T Welch ,  Roy R. Bledsoe ,  Brian K. Wilt ,  Michael B. Sumner

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01J3/42

CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359

摘要： Reformulated gasoline (RFG) testing recently required by EPA involves measuring sulfur, olefin, aromatic contents, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), and benzene, distillation properties, plus total air pollutants (TAPs), volatile organic carbon (VOC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Measuring driveability, although not required, is desirable. All of these tests can be conducted by spectrometer, preferably in the IR range, more preferably in the NIR range, and most preferably by a single instrument operating at high-correlation wavelengths. Importantly, VOC, TAP, NOx, and RVP may be correlated to IR absorbance at certain bands. Statistical methods including PLS, MLR, PCR, and neural networks can be used and derivatives of first, particularly second, or other orders can be used. Results can be displayed on a single screen.

摘要翻译： EPA最近要求的重组汽油（RFG）测试包括测量硫，烯烃，芳烃含量，里氏蒸气压（RVP）和苯，蒸馏性能，加上总空气污染物（TAP），挥发性有机碳（VOC）和氮氧化物 （NOx）。 虽然不需要测量驾驶性能是可取的。 所有这些测试可以通过光谱仪进行，优选在IR范围内，更优选在NIR范围内进行，最优选通过在高相关波长下工作的单个仪器进行。 重要的是，VOC，TAP，NOx和RVP可能与特定条件下的IR吸光度相关。 可以使用包括PLS，MLR，PCR和神经网络的统计方法，并且可以使用第一，特别是第二或其他顺序的导数。 结果可以显示在单个屏幕上。

公开(公告)号：US5892228A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

申请号：US724726

申请日：1996-09-30

申请人： John B Cooper ,  Roy R Bledsoe, Jr. ,  Kent L Wise ,  Michael B Sumner ,  William T Welch ,  Brian K Wilt

发明人： John B Cooper ,  Roy R Bledsoe, Jr. ,  Kent L Wise ,  Michael B Sumner ,  William T Welch ,  Brian K Wilt

IPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  G01N33/28 ,  G01N21/35

CPC分类号： G01N33/2829 ,  G01N21/65

摘要： A Fourier-Transform Raman spectrometer was used to collect the Raman spectra of (208) commercial petroleum fuels. The individual motor and research octane numbers (MON and RON, respectively) were determined experimentally using the industry standard ASTM knock engine method. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis can be used to build regression models which correlate the Raman spectra (175) of the fuels with the experimentally determined values for MON, RON, and pump octane number (the average of MON and RON) of the fuels. Each of the models was validated using leave-one-out validation. The standard errors of validation (SEV) are 0.415, 0.535, and 0.410 octane numbers for MON, RON, and pump octane number, respectively. By comparing the standard error of validation to the standard deviation for the experimentally determined octane numbers, it is evident that the accuracy of the Raman determined values is limited by the accuracy of the training set used in creating the models. The Raman regression models were used to predict the octane numbers for the fuels which were not used to build the models. The results compare favorably with the leave-one-out validation. Also, it is demonstrated that the experimentally determined Reid Vapor Pressures are highly correlated with the Raman spectra of the fuel samples and can be predicted with a standard error of 0.568 psi.

摘要翻译： 傅立叶变换拉曼光谱仪用于收集（208）商业石油燃料的拉曼光谱。 使用行业标准的ASTM爆震引擎法，实验地确定了单个运动和研究辛烷值（MON和RON）。 部分最小二乘法（PLS）回归分析可用于建立将燃料的拉曼光谱（175）与MON，RON和泵辛烷值（MON和RON的平均值）的实验确定值相关联的回归模型 燃料。 每个模型都使用一次性验证验证。 验证标准误差（SEV）分别为MON，RON和泵辛烷值的0.415,0.535和0.410辛烷值。 通过将验证的标准误差与实验确定的辛烷值的标准偏差进行比较，显然拉曼测定值的精度受到创建模型中使用的训练集的准确性的限制。 拉曼回归模型用于预测未用于构建模型的燃料的辛烷值。 结果与遗留一次验证相比较。 此外，证明了实验确定的Reid蒸汽压力与燃料样品的拉曼光谱高度相关，并且可以用0.568psi的标准误差预测。

公开(公告)号：US07404411B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-29

申请号：US11088429

申请日：2005-03-23

申请人： William T. Welch ,  Roy R. Bledsoe, Jr. ,  Brian K. Wilt

发明人： William T. Welch ,  Roy R. Bledsoe, Jr. ,  Brian K. Wilt

IPC分类号： G05D11/13

CPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N33/2829 ,  G01N2201/129 ,  Y10T137/0329 ,  Y10T137/2509

摘要： A process and system for the analysis and/or control of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons and biodiesel to determine biodiesel concentration includes a) measuring the near infrared absorption in at least two of the bands of two absorption bands from a portion of the range of 800-2500 nm; in particular 1100-2500 nm which are used to quantify the biodiesel content. b) taking each of the absorbances measured, or a mathematical function thereof, c) performing at least one mathematical computing or statistical treatment using the above absorbances or functions as individual independent variables, d) assigning and applying weighting constants or their equivalents to the independent variables, and, optionally e) applying the above steps using known compositions to calibrate the instrument and determine the weighting constants or equivalents, and further optionally f) outputting a signal indicative of the biodiesel concentration in the mixture, based on the absorbances or functions.

摘要翻译： 用于分析和/或控制液体烃和生物柴油混合物以确定生物柴油浓度的方法和系统包括：a）从800个范围的一部分测量两个吸收带的至少两个带中的近红外吸收 -2500nm; 特别是1100-2500nm，用于量化生物柴油含量。 b）取每个测量的吸光度或其数学函数，c）使用上述吸收或函数作为独立变量进行至少一个数学计算或统计处理，d）分配和应用加权常数或其等价物到独立的 变量以及可选地e）使用已知组合物应用上述步骤来校准仪器并确定加权常数或等同物，并且还可选地f）基于吸光度或功能输出指示混合物中生物柴油浓度的信号。