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1.发明授权Production of mesophase pitches, carbon fiber precursors, and carbonized fibers 失效生产中间相沥青，碳纤维前体和碳化纤维
公开(公告)号：US5614164A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US944146
申请日：1992-09-11
摘要： Producing carbon fiber precursors and carbonized fibers comprise by treating a thin film of catalytic pitch at elevated temperature conditions, treating the resulting heavy isotropic pitch by agitating with an inert gas under elevated temperature conditions to form a mesophase pitch, forming green fibers from said mesophase pitch, stabilizing and optionally carbonizing said green fibers to obtain the desired product.
摘要翻译： 生产碳纤维前体和碳化纤维包括通过在高温条件下处理催化沥青的薄膜，在高温条件下用惰性气体搅拌处理所得重的各向同性沥青以形成中间相沥青，由所述中间相沥青形成绿色纤维 ，稳定和任选地碳化所述绿色纤维以获得所需产物。
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2.发明授权Process and apparatus for analysis of hydrocarbon species by near infrared spectroscopy 失效通过近红外光谱分析烃类物质的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5712481A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-27
申请号：US685364
申请日：1996-07-23
CPC分类号： G01N21/359 , G01N21/3577 , G01N33/2829
摘要： In addition to analysis in the infrared spectra of hydrocarbon group types, it has now been found that certain hydrocarbon species, including preferably aromatic species such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and alkyl benzenes such as ethyl benzene, can be determined by measuring absorption in certain selected wavelengths in the infrared spectra, then manipulating the data, e.g., preferably by taking the first or higher derivative, and applying statistical techniques, preferably multiple linear regression (MLR) to provide an output signal indicative of the concentration of the particular specie. The output signal can be used to control refinery and chemical processes, e.g., reforming, catalytic cracking, alkylation and isomerization. In manufacturing reformulated fuels, government regulations can be complied with by utilizing the invention to blend fuels which have a maximum of benzene or other regulated components.
摘要翻译： 除了对烃基类型的红外光谱进行分析之外，现在已经发现，某些烃类，包括优选芳族物质如苯，甲苯，二甲苯和烷基苯如乙基苯可以通过测量吸收 红外光谱中的某些选定的波长，然后操纵数据，例如，优选地通过取第一个或更高的导数，以及应用统计技术，优选多重线性回归（MLR）来提供指示特定物种浓度的输出信号。 输出信号可用于控制炼油和化学过程，例如重整，催化裂化，烷基化和异构化。 在制造改性燃料时，可以通过利用本发明来混合具有最大苯或其他调节组分的燃料来满足政府规定。
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3.发明申请Method for monitoring feeds to catalytic cracking units by near-infrared spectroscopy 审中-公开通过近红外光谱法监测催化裂化装置的进料的方法公开(公告)号：US20070212790A1
公开(公告)日：2007-09-13
申请号：US11656320
申请日：2007-01-19
申请人： William T. Welch , James F. Hoffman , Brian K. Wilt , Roy Roger Bledsoe , Michael B. Sumner , Jeff Sexton
发明人： William T. Welch , James F. Hoffman , Brian K. Wilt , Roy Roger Bledsoe , Michael B. Sumner , Jeff Sexton
IPC分类号： G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/359 , Y10T436/21
摘要： A monitoring of catalytic cracking processing is provided which uses near infrared (NIR) analysis to characterize cracking feeds, intermediates and products for chemical and physical properties such as saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, triaromatics, tetraaromatics, polar aromatics, total aromatics, thiophenes, distillation points, basic nitrogen, total nitrogen, API gravity, total sulfur, MCRT and % coker gasoil and the resulting characterization thereof. The NIR results can be used in FCC simulation software to predict unit yields and qualities.
摘要翻译： 提供催化裂化加工的监测，其使用近红外（NIR）分析来表征裂化进料，中间体和产物的化学和物理性质，例如饱和物，单芳烃，二芳族化合物，三芳族化合物，四芳族化合物，极性芳族化合物，总芳族化合物，噻吩，蒸馏 点，碱性氮，总氮，API比重，总硫，MCRT和焦化焦油汽油及其结果表征。 NIR结果可用于FCC模拟软件中，以预测单位产量和质量。
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公开(公告)号：US6140647A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-31
申请号：US994787
申请日：1997-12-19
CPC分类号： G01N21/65 , G01N21/3577 , G01N21/359
摘要： Reformulated gasoline (RFG) testing recently required by EPA involves measuring sulfur, olefin, aromatic contents, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), and benzene, distillation properties, plus total air pollutants (TAPs), volatile organic carbon (VOC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Measuring driveability, although not required, is desirable. All of these tests can be conducted by spectrometer, preferably in the IR range, more preferably in the NIR range, and most preferably by a single instrument operating at high-correlation wavelengths. Importantly, VOC, TAP, NOx, and RVP may be correlated to IR absorbance at certain bands. Statistical methods including PLS, MLR, PCR, and neural networks can be used and derivatives of first, particularly second, or other orders can be used. Results can be displayed on a single screen.
摘要翻译： EPA最近要求的重组汽油（RFG）测试包括测量硫，烯烃，芳烃含量，里氏蒸气压（RVP）和苯，蒸馏性能，加上总空气污染物（TAP），挥发性有机碳（VOC）和氮氧化物 （NOx）。 虽然不需要测量驾驶性能是可取的。 所有这些测试可以通过光谱仪进行，优选在IR范围内，更优选在NIR范围内进行，最优选通过在高相关波长下工作的单个仪器进行。 重要的是，VOC，TAP，NOx和RVP可能与特定条件下的IR吸光度相关。 可以使用包括PLS，MLR，PCR和神经网络的统计方法，并且可以使用第一，特别是第二或其他顺序的导数。 结果可以显示在单个屏幕上。
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5.发明授权Process and apparatus for octane numbers and reid vapor pressure by Raman spectroscopy 失效通过拉曼光谱法测定辛烷值和蒸气压的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5892228A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-06
申请号：US724726
申请日：1996-09-30
申请人： John B Cooper , Roy R Bledsoe, Jr. , Kent L Wise , Michael B Sumner , William T Welch , Brian K Wilt
发明人： John B Cooper , Roy R Bledsoe, Jr. , Kent L Wise , Michael B Sumner , William T Welch , Brian K Wilt
CPC分类号： G01N33/2829 , G01N21/65
摘要： A Fourier-Transform Raman spectrometer was used to collect the Raman spectra of (208) commercial petroleum fuels. The individual motor and research octane numbers (MON and RON, respectively) were determined experimentally using the industry standard ASTM knock engine method. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis can be used to build regression models which correlate the Raman spectra (175) of the fuels with the experimentally determined values for MON, RON, and pump octane number (the average of MON and RON) of the fuels. Each of the models was validated using leave-one-out validation. The standard errors of validation (SEV) are 0.415, 0.535, and 0.410 octane numbers for MON, RON, and pump octane number, respectively. By comparing the standard error of validation to the standard deviation for the experimentally determined octane numbers, it is evident that the accuracy of the Raman determined values is limited by the accuracy of the training set used in creating the models. The Raman regression models were used to predict the octane numbers for the fuels which were not used to build the models. The results compare favorably with the leave-one-out validation. Also, it is demonstrated that the experimentally determined Reid Vapor Pressures are highly correlated with the Raman spectra of the fuel samples and can be predicted with a standard error of 0.568 psi.
摘要翻译： 傅立叶变换拉曼光谱仪用于收集（208）商业石油燃料的拉曼光谱。 使用行业标准的ASTM爆震引擎法，实验地确定了单个运动和研究辛烷值（MON和RON）。 部分最小二乘法（PLS）回归分析可用于建立将燃料的拉曼光谱（175）与MON，RON和泵辛烷值（MON和RON的平均值）的实验确定值相关联的回归模型 燃料。 每个模型都使用一次性验证验证。 验证标准误差（SEV）分别为MON，RON和泵辛烷值的0.415,0.535和0.410辛烷值。 通过将验证的标准误差与实验确定的辛烷值的标准偏差进行比较，显然拉曼测定值的精度受到创建模型中使用的训练集的准确性的限制。 拉曼回归模型用于预测未用于构建模型的燃料的辛烷值。 结果与遗留一次验证相比较。 此外，证明了实验确定的Reid蒸汽压力与燃料样品的拉曼光谱高度相关，并且可以用0.568psi的标准误差预测。
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公开(公告)号：US5596196A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-21
申请号：US449326
申请日：1995-05-24
CPC分类号： G01N21/65 , G01N21/3577 , G01N21/359 , G01N2021/651 , G01N2021/656 , G01N21/658 , G01N2201/1293
摘要： Oxygenated hydrocarbons can be predicted within .+-.0.2% wt or better, using Raman NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis, with optional fiberoptics multistreaming. The resulting signal can be used to control concentration of such compounds in product to desired levels.
摘要翻译： 使用拉曼近红外光谱和多变量分析，可以预测氧化烃在±0.2％wt或更好之内，并具有可选的光纤多流。 所得到的信号可以用于控制产品中这些化合物的浓度达到所需的水平。
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公开(公告)号：US5238672A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-24
申请号：US369442
申请日：1989-06-20
摘要： Producing carbon fiber precursors and carbonized fibers comprise by treating a thin film of catalytic pitch at elevated temperature conditions, treating the resulting heavy isotropic pitch by agitating with an inert gas under elevated temperature conditions to form a mesophase pitch, forming green fibers from said mesophase pitch, stabilizing and optionally carbonizing said green fibers to obtain the desired product.
摘要翻译： 生产碳纤维前体和碳化纤维包括通过在高温条件下处理催化沥青的薄膜，在高温条件下用惰性气体搅拌处理所得重的各向同性沥青以形成中间相沥青，由所述中间相沥青形成绿色纤维 ，稳定和任选地碳化所述绿色纤维以获得所需产物。
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