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1.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100247897A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US12676126
申请日：2008-09-05
CPC分类号： C08G77/02 , C08G18/3895 , C08G77/458 , C08G2101/0091 , Y02P20/544 , Y10T428/249991
摘要： A bidentate free radical crosslinking initiator binds chemically to silica and silica rich surfaces and enables the free radical based polymerization of various materials such as styrene, divinylbenzene and methylmethacrylate onto silica and silica rich surfaces. When used in connection with aerogels, the resultant crosslinked aerogels exhibit greatly increased strength with only nominal increase in density.
摘要翻译： 双齿自由基交联引发剂化学键合到二氧化硅和富含二氧化硅的表面，并且能够将各种材料如苯乙烯，二乙烯基苯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯自由基聚合到二氧化硅和富含二氧化硅的表面上。 当与气凝胶结合使用时，所得到的交联气凝胶的密度显着提高，强度显着提高。
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公开(公告)号：US10301445B2
公开(公告)日：2019-05-28
申请号：US13214061
申请日：2011-08-19
IPC分类号： C08J9/12 , C08J9/02 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C08G18/79 , C08G18/18 , C08G18/30 , C01B32/00 , C08G101/00
摘要： Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.
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公开(公告)号：US20120152846A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：US13214061
申请日：2011-08-19
CPC分类号： C08J9/02 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/00 , C08G18/18 , C08G18/302 , C08G18/792 , C08G2101/0091 , C08J2205/026 , C08J2375/02
摘要： Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.
摘要翻译： 描述了聚脲和多孔碳三维网络的多孔三维网络及其制造方法。 在一个实例中，通过将三异氰酸酯与水和三乙胺混合以形成溶胶 - 凝胶材料并超临界干燥溶胶 - 凝胶材料以形成聚脲气凝胶来制备聚脲气凝胶。 使聚脲气凝胶进行热解的步骤可能导致具有碳骨架的三维网络，产生碳气凝胶。 可以通过改变初始反应混合物中异氰酸酯单体的量来控制聚脲气凝胶的密度和形态。 气凝胶中较低的密度产生纤维形态，而气凝胶中较大的密度导致颗粒形态。 本文所述的聚脲气凝胶也可能表现出降低的可燃性。
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公开(公告)号：US20100204355A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：US12676123
申请日：2008-09-05
CPC分类号： C08G77/02 , C08G18/3895 , C08G77/458 , C08G2101/0091 , Y02P20/544 , Y10T428/249991
摘要： Macroporous monolithic silica aerogels having mesoporous walls are produced via an acid-catalyzed sol-gel process from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) using a triblock co-polymer (Pluronic P123) as a structure-directing agent and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a micelle-swelling reagent. Pluronic P 123 was removed by solvent extraction, and monoliths were obtained by removing the pore-filling solvent with liquid CO2, which was removed under supercritical conditions. The resulting materials are more robust compared to base-catalyzed silica aerogels of similar density. Mechanical properties can be further improved by reacting a di-isocyanate with the silanol groups on the macro and mesoporous surfaces. The polymer forms a conformal coat on the macropores and blocks access to the mesopores of templated samples, so that BET surface areas decrease dramatically.
摘要翻译： 通过使用三嵌段共聚物（Pluronic P123）作为结构导向剂和1,3,5-三甲基苯（TMB）的四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）通过酸催化的溶胶 - 凝胶法生产具有介孔壁的大孔整体二氧化硅气凝胶， 作为胶束溶胀试剂。 通过溶剂萃取除去Pluronic P 123，通过用液体CO 2除去孔填充溶剂，在超临界条件下除去整料。 与相似密度的碱催化二氧化硅气凝胶相比，所得材料更加坚固。 通过使二异氰酸酯与宏观和介孔表面上的硅烷醇基团反应，可以进一步提高机械性能。 聚合物在大孔上形成共形涂层，并阻止进入模板样品的介孔，使得BET表面积急剧下降。
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