摘要:
Applicant presents an improved manner of modeling and calculating the tongue-and-groove effect in multi-leaf collimators in treatment planning systems and processes. The method is based on subtracting an individualized profile area that is determined for each individual model of MLC. The method also includes how to easily obtain the shape of this non-constant profile based on the tests. The method provides better accuracy, particularly for plans using small MLC gaps.
摘要:
A method of producing heavy oil by first injecting water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules into a region. The method then introduces electromagnetic waves such as microwaves and/or radio frequencies into the region at a frequency sufficient to excite the water and the sulfur hexafluoride molecules and increase the temperature of at least a portion of the water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules within the region to produce heated water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules. At least a portion of the heavy oil is heated in the region by contact with the heated water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules to produce heated heavy oil. The heated heavy oil is then produced.
摘要:
A waveguide matching unit is disclosed. The waveguide matching unit includes a gyrator having first and second waveguides. The first waveguide includes first and second ports that are connected by a first waveguide channel. An RF signal propagating through the first waveguide channel is phase shifted by about 90° when propagating from the first to the second port, and is phase shifted by about 0° when propagating from the second port to the first port. The second waveguide includes third and fourth ports that are connected by a second waveguide channel. An RF signal propagating through the second waveguide channel is phase shifted by about 0° when propagating from the third to the fourth port, and is phase shifted by about 90° when propagating from the fourth port to the third port.
摘要:
A method of producing heavy oil by first injecting water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules into a region. The method then introduces electromagnetic waves such as microwaves and/or radio frequencies into the region at a frequency sufficient to excite the water and the sulfur hexafluoride molecules and increase the temperature of at least a portion of the water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules within the region to produce heated water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules. At least a portion of the heavy oil is heated in the region by contact with the heated water and sulfur hexafluoride molecules to produce heated heavy oil. The heated heavy oil is then produced.
摘要:
FIG. 1 is a rear elevational view of a kneepad with a crossed foot strap as worn on a user in accordance with the present design; FIG. 2 is a close up right side elevational view of the bottom portion of the crossed foot strap of FIG. 1 around a user's foot; FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of a pair of kneepads with crossed foot straps as shown in FIG. 1 as worn on a user; FIG. 4 is a right side elevational view of the lower portion of the kneepad with a crossed foot strap of FIG. 1 as worn on a user in which the upper portion of an upper strap is not shown for ease of illustration; FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the kneepad with a crossed foot strap of FIG. 1 as worn on a user; and, FIG. 6 is a top view of the kneepad with a crossed foot strap of FIG. 1 as worn on a user in which the upper portion of an upper strap is not shown for ease of illustration. Left side elevational views are not shown because they are mirror images of the right side elevational views shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The broken lines showing the user's legs and clothing, the means for adjusting the length of the straps, and the attachment means connecting the straps to the waistband and kneepads represent environmental subject matter which forms no part of the claimed design.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method and system for enhancing in situ upgrading of hydrocarbon by implementing an array of radio frequency antennas that can uniformly heat the hydrocarbons within a producer well pipe, so that the optimal temperatures for different hydroprocessing reactions can be achieved.
摘要:
A device for processing a hydrocarbon resource may include a radio frequency (RF) source, a first RF conductor, a second RF conductor, and a hybrid coupler assembly coupled to the RF source and the first and second RF conductors. The first and second RF conductors may each having distal ends configured to receive the hydrocarbon resource therebetween and apply RF power from the RF source to the hydrocarbon resource.
摘要:
High power RF energy supplied to a reaction chamber at a resonant frequency is used to break the covalent bonds of a hydrocarbon material without heat. An RF signal generator may be used to supply RF energy to a resonant ring through a four port coupler. The phase of the RF energy passing through the resonant ring may be adjusted to achieve an integral multiple of a resonant wavelength. Wavelength and intensity may be adjusted to sublimate or pyrolyze the hydrocarbon material to yield a useful gaseous product.
摘要:
A method of determining a permittivity of a substance may include providing a probe having a planar end surface, providing a signal source and a signal receiver coupled to the probe, and physically contacting the substance with the planar end surface of the probe defining an interface. The method may further include measuring a reflection coefficient of the substance by at least transmitting a signal through the probe to the interface, receiving a reflected signal from the interface, and comparing the transmitted and reflected signals. The method may further include calculating the permittivity of the substance based upon the reflection coefficient.
摘要:
An aspect of the invention concerns a method of determining the permittivity of a substance using a probe having known dielectric characteristics, a planar end surface normal to the axis of the probe, a signal source, and a signal receiver. In this aspect, the method is carried out by contacting the substance with the planar end surface of said probe to form an interface between the probe and the substance. The method further involves measuring the reflection coefficient of the substance by (1) transmitting a signal through the probe to the interface, (2) receiving the signal reflected from the interface, and (3) comparing said transmitted and reflected signals, and then calculating the permittivity of said substance from the reflection coefficient as so measured. Another aspect of the invention concerns a method of heating a substance, such as bituminous froth, by determining the permittivity of a substance, and providing a radiation source physically and electrically spaced from the substance, with the radiation source having an impedance approximating the complex conjugate impedance of the substance.