摘要:
The present invention provides a method for preparing biodiesel, comprising: adding oil and fat, short-chain alcohol, water, and liquid lipase into a single-stage or multi-stage enzyme reactor; then separating the reaction fluid into an enzyme-containing heavy phase and a light phase; recovering and reusing the enzyme in the heavy phase; using the light phase for subsequent conversion by immobilized lipase; flowing the light phase and the short-chain alcohol into single-stage or multi-stage enzyme reactor containing an immobilized lipase; performing online dehydration during the whole reaction process or part of the reaction process. In the method of the invention for preparing biodiesel, no preprocessing is required for the oil and fat feedstock in the earlier stage of catalysis process by liquid lipase, and the conversion ratio from oil and fat to biodiesel can reach more than 90%; in the later stage of catalysis process by immobilized lipase, by introducing an online dehydration during the whole process or part of the reaction process, the yield of biodiesel can exceed 98%, and the acid value of the product can be less than 0.5 mg KOH per gram of oil. The method thus has good economic and environmental benefits.
摘要:
The present disclosure provides a convertor for X-ray radiography and its manufacturing method and an X-ray detector, wherein the surface of the scintillator facing the X-ray is covered with photonic crystals of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional spatial structure capable of reflecting the visible light facing the photonic crystals generated by the scintillator to increase the intensity of the output light of the scintillator by more than 100%, thus enhancing the image brightness and improving the image resolution, in addition to reducing to a certain extent the interference between pixels due to the ability of the photonic crystals to control the direction of the light being reflected, for example, by controlling the reflecting direction so as to be vertical to the surface of the scintillator, and the manufacturing method and material for the photonic crystals are low in cost without toxicity, enabling it to be used more widely.
摘要:
The disclosure provides a method and a network device for packet content translation, wherein the network device comprises: a packet analyzing unit, a packet comparing unit, and a calculating unit, and the method comprises: providing a packet content translation criteria table; obtaining characteristic information of a packet; comparing the characteristic information of the packet with the packet content translation criteria table to determine whether a corresponding match entry is found in the packet content translation criteria table; and using the calculating unit to perform a packet content translation for the packet according to a packet processing mode indicated by the corresponding match entry. The method and the network device for packet content translation of the disclosure can reduce resource requirement for network equipments.
摘要:
In various embodiments, a flood risk score may be determined for a property point that provides a comprehensive assessment of the property point's risk of flooding. Determining the flood risk score may include determining a flood risk characteristic for the property point and assigning a flood risk score that corresponds to the flood risk characteristic. In some embodiments, flood risk characteristics may include a difference in elevation between the elevation of the property point and an elevation of a calculated point (e.g., on a known flood risk zone boundary). Flood risk characteristics may also include a flood zone determination for the property point and/or proximity of the property point to a known flood risk zone boundary or a flood source. In some embodiments, flood risk scores may be provided on flood risk score reports.
摘要:
An apparatus, method and computer program storage device determine a composite hazard index. An interface receives a first risk score for a first hazard and a second risk score for a second hazard. The first risk score is in a first range of scores and the second risk score is in a second range of scores. A processing circuit emphasizes at least some scores in at least one of the first range of scores and the second range of scores. The processing circuit also normalizes the first risk score with respect to the first range of scores and second range of scores, and normalizes the second risk score with respect to the first range of scores and second range of scores. The processing circuit also combines a normalized first risk score with a normalized second risk score to form at least a component of a composite risk index. The first risk score and second risk score being specific to a common property.
摘要:
In various embodiments, points from flood maps (e.g., geospatial flood risk zoning maps) may be used in generating a flood frequency versus flood elevation curve for reducing the uncertainty in the flood risk assessment. In some embodiments, geospatial flood elevation lines for flood elevation lines at different flood frequency levels may be defined based on elevation datasets where there are inconsistencies between the elevation datasets and flood maps that were generated. The flood frequency versus flood loss curve may be derived based on the computed flood frequency versus flood elevation curve, digital elevation datasets, and collected damage curve. In some embodiments, the flood risk rating may also be derived and a flood risk assessment report may be generated.
摘要:
The disclosure provides a method and a network device for packet content translation, wherein the network device comprises: a packet analyzing unit, a packet comparing unit, and a calculating unit, and the method comprises: providing a packet content translation criteria table; obtaining characteristic information of a packet; comparing the characteristic information of the packet with the packet content translation criteria table to determine whether a corresponding match entry is found in the packet content translation criteria table; and using the calculating unit to perform a packet content translation for the packet according to a packet processing mode indicated by the corresponding match entry. The method and the network device for packet content translation of the disclosure can reduce resource requirement for network equipments.
摘要:
The present disclosure provides a convertor for X-ray radiography and its manufacturing method and an X-ray detector, wherein the surface of the scintillator facing the X-ray is covered with photonic crystals of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional spatial structure capable of reflecting the visible light facing the photonic crystals generated by the scintillator to increase the intensity of the output light of the scintillator by more than 100%, thus enhancing the image brightness and improving the image resolution, in addition to reducing to a certain extent the interference between pixels due to the ability of the photonic crystals to control the direction of the light being reflected, for example, by controlling the reflecting direction so as to be vertical to the surface of the scintillator, and the manufacturing method and material for the photonic crystals are low in cost without toxicity, enabling it to be used more widely.
摘要:
A method of creating a human pluripotent transgenic stem cell, wherein heterologous DNA is inserted into specific “hot-spots” in the genome where stable and high gene expression may occur, is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a pluripotent stem cell line, and (b) inserting heterologous DNA at an insertion site selected from the group consisting of insertion site one and insertion site two to form a transgenic cell line. In another embodiment, the heterologous DNA is an exchange cassette and the transgenic cell line formed is a master cell line.
摘要:
The present invention provides a new process for producing biodiesel from renewable oil under lipase catalysis in an organic medium reaction system. In this process, a short chain alcohol ROH is used as an acyl acceptor, a relatively hydrophilic organic solvent having no negative effect on the reactivity of lipase is used as the reaction medium, and a renewable oil raw material is catalyzed by a lipase to synthesize biodiesel through a transesterification reaction. In the process of the present invention, the renewable oil raw material can be almost completely converted into biodiesel and a byproduct glycerin, and the yield of the biodiesel is 94% or more. This new type organic medium reaction system promotes the solubility of the short chain alcohol in the renewable oil raw material, and dissolves part of the byproduct glycerin. Consequently, the reaction time is shortened, the productivity of biodiesel is increased and the reactivity and lifetime of the lipase is improved in the process of the present invention.