公开(公告)号：US4319329A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-09

申请号：US123213

申请日：1980-02-21

申请人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Fredric M. Ham

发明人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Fredric M. Ham

IPC分类号： G06F17/00 ,  G06F15/56 ,  G01R23/16

CPC分类号： G01R23/02

摘要： Waveform frequency measuring apparatus and methods utilizing zero-crossing triggered analog-to-digital conversion apparatus combined with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) digital computing apparatus accomplish measurement of waveform fundamental frequency using hitherto disadvantageous leakage of the Discrete Fourier Transform.In an example, the frequency measuring apparatus and methods are used in an alternating current (AC) electrical power system for measuring and monitoring frequency deviation .DELTA.f from the nominal system frequency f and actuating protective relaying when the frequency deviation is excessive.

摘要翻译： 使用与离散傅立叶变换（DFT）数字计算装置组合的过零触发模数转换装置的波形频率测量装置和方法，使用离散傅里叶变换的迄今不利的泄漏来完成波形基频的测量。 在一个示例中，频率测量装置和方法用于交流（AC）电力系统中，用于在频率偏差过大时测量和监测来自标称系统频率f的频率偏差DELTA f并且执行保护继电。

公开(公告)号：US4661769A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-28

申请号：US693765

申请日：1985-01-23

申请人： Adly A. Girgis

发明人： Adly A. Girgis

IPC分类号： G01R23/02 ,  G01R23/12 ,  G01R25/00

CPC分类号： G01R25/00 ,  G01R23/02 ,  G01R23/12

摘要： Methods for determining magnitude, phase angle and frequency deviation in the sinusoid waveform output of electrical power generation equipment are disclosed. The first method uses a two-state linear Kalman filter to calculate the magnitude and phase angle from which the frequency deviation is calculated using the linear relationship between frequency deviation and the average rate of change of phase angle. In a second method, a three-state extended Kaman filter is employed. The frequency deviation is considered a third state variable and is recursively computed on-line.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定发电设备的正弦波形输出中的幅度，相位角和频率偏差的方法。 第一种方法使用双态线性卡尔曼滤波器来计算使用频率偏差和相位角的平均变化率之间的线性关系来计算频率偏差的幅度和相位角。 在第二种方法中，采用三态扩展卡曼滤波器。 频率偏差被认为是第三个状态变量，并在线递归计算。

公开(公告)号：US4455612A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-19

申请号：US343356

申请日：1982-01-27

申请人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Robert G. Brown

发明人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Robert G. Brown

IPC分类号： H02H3/40 ,  H02H3/18 ,  G06F15/20

CPC分类号： H02H3/40

摘要： Digital distance relaying of a three-phase electric power transmission line depends on accurate estimation of the postfault voltage and current phasors during the first postfault electrical cycle, when the line voltages and currents are corrupted by noise and transients. The digital relay herein responds to each postfault sample as it arrives and recursively electronically estimates the postfault phasors before the next sample arrives. The method involves a powerful state variable approach which for the voltages provides at least two state variables per voltage, and for the currents provides at least three state variables per current. Parallel processing of the samples equalizes computer burden, and an additional processor classifies the fault, computes faulted line resistance and reactance, relays the fault by tripping a circuit breaker, and documents the fault including its distance. Numerical results of part of the powerful estimation procedure which can be performed offline are prestored in the system, to permit the balance of the estimation procedure to occur in real-time, with slower inexpensive processing hardware. Relaying is expected within the first half of the first postfault electrical cycle for most Zone 1 faults.

摘要翻译： 三相电力输电线路的数字距离中继取决于在第一次后故障电气循环期间，当线路电压和电流被噪声和瞬变损坏时，准确估计后故障电压和电流相量。 这里的数字中继器在到达时响应于每个后期故障样本，并且在下一个样本到达之前递归地电子地估计后故障相量。 该方法涉及强大的状态变量方法，其中电压为每个电压提供至少两个状态变量，并且对于每个电流，电流提供至少三个状态变量。 样本的并行处理使计算机负担平衡，另外处理器对故障进行分类，计算故障线路电阻和电抗，通过跳闸断路器来中断故障，并记录故障包括其距离。 可以离线执行的强大估计过程的一部分的数值结果预先存储在系统中，以便以较慢的廉价处理硬件实时地实现估计过程的平衡。 预计在大部分1区故障的第一个后期电动周期的前半段内将继续运行。

公开(公告)号：US4812995A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-14

申请号：US52603

申请日：1987-05-19

申请人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Robert G. Brown

发明人： Adly A. Girgis ,  Robert G. Brown

IPC分类号： H02H3/40 ,  H02H7/26 ,  G06F15/20 ,  G01R31/08

CPC分类号： H02H7/26 ,  H02H3/40

摘要： An Adaptive Kalman Filtering scheme for statistically predicting the occurence and type of a fault on a three phase power transmission line. Additionally, estimations of the steady-state postfault phasor quantities, distance protection and fault location information is provided. Current and voltage data for each phase is processed in two separate Adaptive Kalman Filtering models simultaneously. One model assumes that the phase is unfaulted, while the other model assumes the features of a faulted phase. The condition of the phase, faulted or unfaulted, is then decided from the computed a posteriori probabilities. Upon the secure identification of the condition of the phase, faulted or unfaulted, the corresponding Adaptive Kalman Filtering model continues to obtain the best estimates of the current or voltage state variables. Thus, the Adaptive Kalman Filtering model having the correct initial assumptions adapts itself to the actual condition of the phase faulted or unfaulted. Upon convergence of the computed a posteriori probabilities indicative of a faulted phase to highly accurate values, the type of fault is classified and the appropriate current and voltage pairs are selected to compute fault location and to provide distance protection. The voltage models are two state variable Adaptive Kalman Filtering schemes. The model for the current with no fault condition is two state variable, while the model that assumes that the phase is faulted is a three state variable model. Estimation convergence reached exact values within half a cycle and consequently, in the same time fault location was determined.

摘要翻译： 一种用于统计预测三相输电线路故障发生和类型的自适应卡尔曼滤波方案。 另外，提供了稳态后故障相量的估计，距离保护和故障定位信息。 每个阶段的电流和电压数据同时在两个独立的自适应卡尔曼滤波模型中进行处理。 一个模型假设相位是未触发的，而另一个模型假定故障相位的特征。 然后根据计算的后验概率来确定相位，故障或未触发的状态。 在安全识别相位状态，故障或未故障时，相应的自适应卡尔曼滤波模型继续获得当前或电压状态变量的最佳估计。 因此，具有正确的初始假设的自适应卡尔曼滤波模型适应于相位故障或未故障的实际情况。 在将计算出的指示故障相位的后验概率收敛到高度精确的值之后，对故障类型进行分类，并选择适当的电流和电压对以计算故障位置并提供距离保护。 电压模型是两种状态变量自适应卡尔曼滤波方案。 没有故障状态的电流模型是两个状态变量，假设相位故障的模型是三态变量模型。 估计收敛在半个周期内达到精确值，因此在同一时间确定了故障位置。