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1.发明授权Portable variable expansion testing device for measuring lateral pressure induced on a material by a vertical applied pressure 失效便携式可变膨胀试验装置，用于通过垂直施加的压力测量材料上引起的侧向压力
公开(公告)号：US4122704A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-31
申请号：US836153
申请日：1978-09-23
IPC分类号： G01N3/10
CPC分类号： G01N3/10
摘要： A portable testing device for directly measuring developed lateral pressure induced on a material by a vertical applied pressure while the lateral expansion is adjustable. The testing device comprises a thin-walled cylindrical sleeve-like receptacle which is capable of lateral expansion in response to a vertical applied force on the material contained in the receptacle. The sleeve is provided with a slit formed in the wall thereof which extends between the upper and lower ends thereof to define first and second side edge portions. Apparatus is provided for preventing and/or adjusting lateral movement of the first side edge portion as the vertical applied force is applied to the material contained in the receptacle. A pressure sensing cylinder is connected to the second side edge portion and has a fluid pressure gauge operatively connected thereto for sensing the developed lateral stress.
摘要翻译： 一种便携式测试装置，用于直接测量在垂直施加的压力下在材料上产生的显着的侧向压力，同时横向膨胀可调。 测试装置包括薄壁的圆柱形套筒状容器，其能够响应于容纳在容器中的材料上的垂直施加力而横向膨胀。 套筒设置有形成在其壁中的狭缝，其在其上端和下端之间延伸以限定第一和第二侧边缘部分。 设置用于防止和/或调节第一侧边缘部分的横向运动，因为垂直施加的力被施加到容纳在容器中的材料。 压力感测筒连接到第二侧边缘部分并且具有可操作地连接到其上的流体压力计，用于感测所产生的横向应力。
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公开(公告)号：US4543820A
公开(公告)日：1985-10-01
申请号：US611125
申请日：1984-05-17
摘要： The soil testing device of the present invention includes a tapered body member having opposite tapered surfaces which converge toward one another at their lower ends. Within one of the tapered surfaces is a cavity having a diaphragm placed thereover. Beneath the diaphragm are a plurality of sensors which extend in a line between the upper and lower ends of the cavity. Means are provided for introducing fluid pressure into the cavity. When the device is inserted into the soil, the sensors sense the various pressures being exerted on the diaphragm by the soil, and record these pressures on a gauge or meter located above the surface of the soil.
摘要翻译： 本发明的土壤测试装置包括一个具有相对的锥形表面的锥体，它们的下端彼此相聚。 在一个锥形表面内是具有放置在其上的隔膜的空腔。 隔膜下方是在空腔的上端和下端之间的一条直线上延伸的多个传感器。 提供用于将流体压力引入空腔的装置。 当设备插入土壤时，传感器感测由土壤施加在隔膜上的各种压力，并将这些压力记录在位于土壤表面上方的量规或仪表上。
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公开(公告)号：US4458525A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-10
申请号：US366543
申请日：1982-04-08
CPC分类号： G01N3/10 , E02D1/022 , E21B49/006 , G01N2203/0019 , G01N2203/0048
摘要： A method of insitu testing of soil compressibility comprises boring a hole in the soil to be tested, reconstituting the lateral stress environment in the soil adjacent the bottom of the borehole and then performing vertical compression tests directly on the undisturbed material at the bottom of the borehole. The testing apparatus of the invention includes a cylindrical container adapted to be pushed to the bottom of the borehole. An inflatable circumferential membrane around the exterior periphery of the container is inflated to reconstitute the lateral stress environment. The load may be applied to the base of the borehole by either a closed or inflatable fluid cell or directly by a flat or stepped load plate.In one embodiment of the invention, a thin-walled cylindrical tube penetrates the soil at the base of the borehole so as to laterally support the test soil for substantially one-dimensional vertical compression testing.
摘要翻译： 一种土壤压缩性的基础测试方法包括对待测土壤中的孔进行钻孔，重建邻近钻孔底部的土壤中的侧向应力环境，然后直接在钻孔底部的未受干扰的材料上进行垂直压缩试验 。 本发明的测试装置包括适于被推到钻孔底部的圆柱形容器。 围绕容器外周的充气圆周膜膨胀以重新构成横向应力环境。 负载可以通过闭合或可充气的流体池或直接由平坦或阶梯式负载板施加到钻孔的底部。 在本发明的一个实施例中，薄壁圆柱形管穿透钻孔底部的土壤，以横向支撑测试土壤，用于基本上一维的垂直压缩测试。
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4.发明授权Testing device for measuring lateral pressure induced on a material by a vertical applied pressure 失效用于通过垂直施加的压力测量在材料上引起的侧向压力的测试装置
公开(公告)号：US4047425A
公开(公告)日：1977-09-13
申请号：US641545
申请日：1975-12-17
申请人： Richard L. Handy , James M. Hoover
发明人： Richard L. Handy , James M. Hoover
IPC分类号： G01N3/08
CPC分类号： G01N3/08
摘要： A testing device for measuring a lateral pressure induced on a material by a vertical applied pressure, the testing device comprising in combination a material-holding receptacle which is capable of lateral expansion in response to a vertical applied force on a material contained in the receptacle, and a sensing means positioned on the receptacle to sense the amount of lateral expansion of the receptacle.
摘要翻译： 一种用于通过垂直施加的压力测量在材料上引起的侧向压力的测试装置，所述测试装置组合包括材料保持容器，所述材料容纳容器能够响应于容纳在所述容器中的材料上的垂直施加力而横向膨胀， 以及位于所述容器上以感测所述容器的横向膨胀量的感测装置。
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公开(公告)号：US4524626A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US540652
申请日：1983-10-11
申请人： Mark W. Pabst , Richard L. Handy
发明人： Mark W. Pabst , Richard L. Handy
CPC分类号： E02D1/027 , E02D1/022 , G01L9/0051
摘要： The device of the present invention comprises a frame having at least one sensor mounted thereon. The sensor includes a diaphragm flush with one surface of the frame, a porous filter flush with one surface of the frame, and a strain gauge bonded to diaphragm and in electrical communication with a read-out instrument. A passageway in the frame provides communication between the filter and the diaphragm such that the water pressure of the saturated soil is transmitted through the filter such that the soil pore pressure is exerted on the back side of the diaphragm. Simultaneously, the total pressure of the saturated soil is exerted on the front side of the diaphragm when the device is embedded in the soil. The strain gauge measures the net pressure on the diaphragm which is equal to the soil effective stress, thus giving a direct measurement of such stress.
摘要翻译： 本发明的装置包括其上安装有至少一个传感器的框架。 传感器包括与框架的一个表面齐平的隔膜，与框架的一个表面齐平的多孔过滤器，以及结合到隔膜并与读出仪器电连通的应变仪。 框架中的通道提供过滤器和隔膜之间的连通，使得饱和土壤的水压通过过滤器传递，使得土壤孔隙压力施加在隔膜的背面。 同时，当装置嵌入土壤时，饱和土壤的总压力施加在隔膜的前侧。 应变仪测量隔膜上的净压力等于土壤有效应力，从而直接测量这种应力。
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公开(公告)号：US4494694A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US425181
申请日：1982-09-28
申请人： John M. Pitt , Richard L. Handy , Robert O. Lamb
发明人： John M. Pitt , Richard L. Handy , Robert O. Lamb
CPC分类号： E01B2/006 , E02D3/08 , E01B1/001 , E01B2204/08
摘要： A support system for a railroad track is described specifically adapted for the improvement of railroad subgrade performance. A plurality of vertically disposed piles are positioned below the ties and the rails of the track so that loads imposed on the cross ties will be distributed into the subgrade by the piles. The piles are preferably comprised of cementitious material. Each of the piles is comprised of a cylindrical stem portion having a funnel-shaped head portion at the upper end thereof. In one form of the invention, the cross ties rest upon the upper end of the head portion of the piles. In another form of the invention, a ballast material is positioned between the cross ties and the upper ends of the piles.
摘要翻译： 具体描述了用于铁路轨道的支撑系统，用于提高铁路路基的性能。 多个垂直设置的桩位于轨道的轨道和轨道之下，使得施加在十字架上的负载将通过桩分配到路基中。 桩优选由水泥质材料构成。 每个桩由在其上端具有漏斗形头部的圆柱形杆部分组成。 在本发明的一种形式中，十字架位于桩的头部的上端。 在本发明的另一种形式中，压载材料位于十字架和桩的上端之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4075885A
公开(公告)日：1978-02-28
申请号：US771360
申请日：1977-02-23
CPC分类号： G01N3/24 , E02D1/022 , E21B49/006
摘要： An expansible shear head device within a pulling cradle is lowered into a bore hole; and the device is expanded hydraulically to exert a predetermined normal pressure on the side walls of the bore hole. The pressure plates of the device are ribbed for permitting interlocking with the rock. Vertical shear stress is exerted on the rock by pulling on the device. The shear head includes a body having a plurality of hinge points, and is laterally expansible. A laterally extendible plunger with a movable shear plate is mounted opposite to a similar shear plate which is secured to permit some deflection of the body about its hinge points from its normal parallel configuration as the shear force moves the body through the bore. The body is locked in its normal parallel configuration until the shear force is applied.
摘要翻译： 拉动支架内的可膨胀剪切头装置下降到钻孔中; 并且该装置以液压方式膨胀以在钻孔的侧壁上施加预定的常压。 装置的压板是肋状的，以允许与岩石互锁。 通过拉动装置，在岩石上施加垂直剪切应力。 剪切头包括具有多个铰链点的主体，并且是横向可膨胀的。 具有可移动剪切板的可横向延伸的柱塞与相似的剪切板相对安装，剪切板被固定以允许主体围绕其铰链点从其正常的平行构型偏转，因为剪切力使身体移动通过孔。 身体被锁定在其正常的平行配置中，直到施加剪切力。
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公开(公告)号：US4290252A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US91362
申请日：1979-11-05
申请人： Turgut Demirel , Richard L. Handy
发明人： Turgut Demirel , Richard L. Handy
CPC分类号： E02D31/02
摘要： A method of waterproofing subterranean walls which generally comprises peeling back the sod, making a perimeter trench around the wall, making a plurality of spaced apart vertical bore holes in the soil adjacent said wall, introducing a highly ionic inorganic salt solution into the bottom of said holes without contacting the side walls of said holes, and thereafter filling the bore holes and the trench with asphaltic emulsion, and finally placing the sod back over the trench.
摘要翻译： 一种防水地下墙的方法，其通常包括剥离草皮，在壁周围形成周边沟槽，在邻近所述壁的土壤中形成多个间隔开的垂直孔，将高度离子的无机盐溶液引入所述 孔，而不与所述孔的侧壁接触，然后用沥青乳液填充钻孔和沟槽，并且最后将滤芯放回到沟槽上。
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公开(公告)号：US4773259A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-27
申请号：US60824
申请日：1987-06-12
申请人： Richard L. Handy
发明人： Richard L. Handy
摘要： A conventional borehole shear tester is modified by incorporating a volume-monitoring accessory in the non-pressurized chamber vent line. This accessory includes a fluid reservoir operatively connected to the non-pressurized chamber of the shear head unit. A change in the level of fluid in the reservoir indicates changes in the volume of the non-pressurized chamber, which in turn indicates a change in shear head diameter. By maintaining a constant fluid level in the reservoir, the volume of the non-pressurized chamber remains constant and the shear head diameter remains constant. Thus, with the shear head diameter fixed, the normal pressure exerted on the wall of the borehole varies as the soil dilates or consolidates. Accordingly, the modified borehole shear tester of the present invention simulates friction pile behavior.
摘要翻译： 常规的钻孔剪切试验机通过将体积监测附件装入非加压室排气管线来进行修改。 该附件包括可操作地连接到剪切头单元的非加压室的流体储存器。 储存器中的流体水平的变化表示非加压室的体积变化，这又表示剪切头直径的变化。 通过保持储存器中恒定的液位，非加压室的体积保持恒定，剪切头直径保持恒定。 因此，当剪切头直径固定时，施加在钻孔壁上的常压随土壤膨胀或固结而变化。 因此，本发明的改进的钻孔剪切试验机模拟摩擦桩行为。
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公开(公告)号：US4662213A
公开(公告)日：1987-05-05
申请号：US825271
申请日：1986-02-03
申请人： Richard L. Handy , Don W. Eichner
发明人： Richard L. Handy , Don W. Eichner
CPC分类号： G01N33/24
摘要： An improved back-pressured pneumatic pressure cell is provided along with a method of using the same. The device includes at least one sensing cell mounted on a blade for insertion into the soil. The cell includes a perforated outer ring and a perforated central disk separated by a threshold. A resilient membrane covers the outer ring and central disk. A first back-pressure is applied through the perforations of the outer ring to the membrane, while a second back-pressure is applied through the perforations of the central disk to the membrane. The second pressure is slightly less than the first pressure. When the first pressure reaches the soil pressure, the seal between the membrane and the threshold is broken, thereby permitting a momentary reverse flow of pressure through the perforations of the central disk until the first and second pressures equalize, as monitored by a differential pressure gauge. A valve regulates the pressure differential between the first and second pressures. The first pressure, and accordingly the soil pressure, is indicated on a main pressure gauge.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的背压式气压单元及其使用方法。 该装置包括安装在刀片上用于插入土壤中的至少一个感测单元。 电池包括穿孔外圈和以阈值分开的穿孔中心盘。 弹性膜覆盖外圈和中心盘。 第一背压通过外环的穿孔施加到膜上，而第二背压通过中心盘的穿孔施加到膜。 第二压力略小于第一压力。 当第一压力达到土壤压力时，膜和阈值之间的密封被破坏，从而允许通过中心盘的穿孔的压力的瞬间反向流动，直到第一和第二压力相等，如由差压表 。 阀调节第一和第二压力之间的压力差。 第一压力，因此土壤压力在主压力表上显示。
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