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公开(公告)号：US5387863A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US872764
申请日：1992-04-14
申请人： Allen K. Lo , Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
发明人： Allen K. Lo , Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
摘要： A synthetic array comprising a moving magnetic sensor that provides a signal representative of an array of magnetic sensors is coupled to a digital signal processor is used to break a magnetic dipole field into its components, and a magnetic signature of the present magnetic field is created. Predicted dipole signatures are precomputed for multiple magnetic orientations of the dipole at each of a plurality of range locations, expressed in terms of Anderson functions, which are a set of equations that decompose the magnetic field in each of the magnetic response locations, and are stored in a lookup table for reference. Input data measured by the moving synthetic array are processed and each magnetic value is predicted to process against background noise. A long term time average consistent with the relative motion of the dipole is computed using bandpass filtering of the signals from the synthetic array. The bandpass filtered data is used to update the predicted data so that anomalies and other non-dipole data is removed from the signals that are processed. The data are then expressed in terms of Anderson functions. The data are matched faltered, wherein it is correlated with the stored precomputed predicted dipole signatures. The correlation yields a set of values that is then thresholded. If a dipole is present at any of the locations, then the correlated normalized value computed as stated above will be higher than the chosen threshold. The dipole locations that are above the threshold are then displayed on a monitor showing the relative location and dipole orientation.
摘要翻译： 包括提供表示磁传感器阵列的信号的运动磁传感器的合成阵列被耦合到数字信号处理器，用于将磁偶极场断开成其组件，并且产生当前磁场的磁性签名。 预测的偶极子签名是预先计算的，在多个范围位置中的每一个的偶极子的多个磁方向上，以Anderson函数表示，Anderson函数是分解每个磁响应位置中的磁场的一组方程并被存储 在查找表中供参考。 处理由移动合成阵列测量的输入数据，并且预测每个磁值对背景噪声进行处理。 使用来自合成阵列的信号的带通滤波来计算与偶极子的相对运动一致的长期时间平均值。 带通滤波数据用于更新预测数据，从而从处理的信号中去除异常和其他非偶极数据。 然后用Anderson函数表示数据。 数据匹配失败，其中它与存储的预计算预测偶极子签名相关。 相关性产生一组随后被阈值化的值。 如果任何位置存在偶极子，则如上所述计算的相关归一化值将高于选择的阈值。 然后，高于阈值的偶极位置显示在显示相对位置和偶极方向的监视器上。
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公开(公告)号：US5134369A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US667996
申请日：1991-03-12
申请人： Allen K. Lo , Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
发明人： Allen K. Lo , Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
CPC分类号： G01V3/081 , G01R33/0206
摘要： An alignment process is applied to each sensor of an array of three axis magnetic sensors to electronically align the three axes of each sensor after the array has been deployed. The alignment process compensates for each sensor not being aligned perfectly with the earth's N-S, E-W and vertical magnetic field components. A field registration process is applied to each sensor of the array that uses a dipole moment detection and localization process and the alignment process combined with a known calibrated dipole source to define the shape of the array. The present invention improves the performance of the array of sensors in detecting magnetic anomalies by digitally compensating for sensor-to-sensor nonalignment and magnetic interferers within interfering range. The alignment process electronically aligns the three axes of each of the sensors to gain maximum performance from the sensor array. Using digital signal processing techniques reduces the physical deployment requirements on the sensors and their relative positions. The alignment process allows the use of three axis vector magnetometers in a distributed field with out having to lay each sensor in perfect alignment with the earth's three magnetic axis. This simplifies the deployment requirements and allows for maximizing the system performance.
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公开(公告)号：US5239474A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-24
申请号：US616158
申请日：1990-11-20
申请人： Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
发明人： Wilbur W. Eaton, Jr. , Ben R. Breed
摘要： An array of magnetic sensors and a digital signal processor are used to break a target magnetic dipole field into its components, and a magnetic signature of the present magnetic field is created. Predicted target signatures are precomputed for multiple magnetic orientations of the dipole at each of a plurality of range locations, expressed in terms of Anderson functions, which are a set of equations that decompose the magnetic field in each of the magnetic response locations, and are stored in a lookup table for reference. Input data measured by the sensors are processed and each sensor's magnetic value is predicted to process against background noise using the other sensors of the array. A long term time average consistent with the relative motion of the target is computed using bandpass filtering of the signals from the sensor array. The bandpass filtered data is used to update the predicted data so that anomalies and other non-target data is removed from the signals that are processed. The data are then expressed in terms of Anderson functions. The data are matched filtered, wherein it is correlated with the stored precomputed predicted target signatures. The correlation yields a set of values that is then thresholded. If a target is present at any of the locations, then the correlated normalized value computed as stated above will be higher than the chosen threshold. The target locations that are above the threshold are then displayed on a monitor showing the relative location and dipole of orientation.
摘要翻译： 使用磁传感器和数字信号处理器阵列将目标磁偶极子场分解成其组件，并且产生当前磁场的磁性签名。 预测的目标签名是预先计算的，在多个范围位置中的每一个的多个范围位置处的偶极子的多个磁方向，以Anderson函数表示，Anderson函数是分解每个磁响应位置中的磁场的一组方程式，并被存储 在查找表中作参考。 处理由传感器测量的输入数据，并且使用阵列的其他传感器预测每个传感器的磁值对背景噪声进行处理。 使用来自传感器阵列的信号的带通滤波来计算与目标的相对运动一致的长期时间平均值。 带通滤波数据用于更新预测数据，以便从处理的信号中去除异常和其他非目标数据。 然后用Anderson函数表示数据。 数据被匹配过滤，其中它与存储的预计算的预测目标签名相关。 相关性产生一组随后被阈值化的值。 如果目标位于任何位置，则如上所述计算的相关归一化值将高于所选择的阈值。 然后，高于阈值的目标位置显示在监视器上，显示方向的相对位置和偶极子。
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4.发明授权Signal processing incorporating signal, tracking, estimation, and removal processes using a maximum a posteriori algorithm, and sequential signal detection 失效使用最大后验算法结合信号，跟踪，估计和去除过程的信号处理以及顺序信号检测
公开(公告)号：US5315538A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US860732
申请日：1992-03-23
CPC分类号： G01S7/5273 , G01S3/80 , G01S7/52001
摘要： A system and method for automating signal tracking, estimation of signal parameters, and extraction of signals from sonar data to detect weaker signals. A maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm processing provides a track output of the signal which is used as a guide or template to provide optimal spectral integration on an unstable or frequency varying line. The present invention includes track integration, parameter estimation, signal track normalization, and sequential signal detection. The present invention partitions the input band into frequency subwindows. For each subwindow, the strongest signal is tracked, its parameters are estimated, and then the signal is normalized (removed) from the subwindow. This is repeated until the entire subwindow set is processed. Then the subwindows, now with their strongest signals removed, are recombined to form one input band. This aggregated procedure represents one processing pass. In the next pass, the entire above procedure is repeated with either the same or new subwindow boundaries. This continues until a predetermined number of passes is completed. Sequential signal detection is provided from one data frame to the next, a problem that is beyond the capability of conventional systems and methods for tracking frequency lines of unknown frequency modulation and amplitude.
摘要翻译： 一种用于自动化信号跟踪，信号参数估计和从声纳数据中提取信号以检测较弱信号的系统和方法。 最大后验（MAP）算法处理提供信号的轨道输出，其用作指导或模板，以在不稳定或频率变化的线上提供最佳频谱积分。 本发明包括轨道积分，参数估计，信号轨迹归一化和顺序信号检测。 本发明将输入频带划分为频率子窗口。 对于每个子窗口，跟踪最强的信号，估计其参数，然后从子窗口对信号进行归一化（去除）。 直到整个子窗口集被处理为止。 然后，将其最强信号去除的子窗口重新组合以形成一个输入带。 此聚合过程代表一个处理通行证。 在下一遍中，使用相同或新的子窗口边界重复整个上述过程。 这一直持续到预定数量的通行完成。 从一个数据帧到下一个数据帧提供顺序信号检测，这是超出传统系统和跟踪未知频率调制和幅度的频率线的方法的能力的问题。
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公开(公告)号：US20090122940A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US11909054
申请日：2006-03-17
申请人： Ben R. Breed
发明人： Ben R. Breed
IPC分类号： G21B3/00
摘要： Methods for low-temperature fusion are disclosed. In one embodiment, a symmetrical crystal lattice including a plurality of deuterons either absorbed or embedded in a heavy-electron material is selected. The method provides alternatives for initiating a vibration mode involving the deuterons on the crystal lattice that induces them to converge. The oscillating convergence of the deuterons is enhanced by the charge screening effect of electrons. The electron screening effect is in turn enhanced by the high effective-mass associated with the selected materials. The vibration modes are excited, for example, by applying an electrical stress, a uniform magnetic field, mechanical stress, non-uniform stress, acoustic waves, the de Haas van Alphen effect, electrical resistivity, infrared optical radiation, Raman scattering, or any combination thereof to the crystal lattice.
摘要翻译： 公开了低温融合方法。 在一个实施例中，选择包括被吸收或嵌入重电子材料中的多个氘核的对称晶格。 该方法提供了用于启动涉及引起它们会聚的晶格上的氘核的振动模式的替代方案。 氘核的振荡收敛通过电子的电荷屏蔽效应增强。 电子筛选效应又因与所选材料相关的高有效质量而增强。 振动模式例如通过施加电应力，均匀磁场，机械应力，不均匀应力，声波，德哈斯·范·阿伦效应，电阻率，红外光辐射，拉曼散射或任何 它们与晶格的组合。
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公开(公告)号：US06661740B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US10160995
申请日：2002-06-03
申请人： Ben R. Breed , William Lee Mahood
发明人： Ben R. Breed , William Lee Mahood
IPC分类号： G01S3802
CPC分类号： G01S5/18 , G01S3/8006
摘要： A multistatic passive sonar is disclosed having a time-aligned source combiner, that exploits the cross-correlation between a target beam and all other beams to detect and measure the range of a target. This combiner performs long-term cross-correlation between the target beam and each individual source beam, and then aggregates the individual correlation results, time aligned based on the scenario geometry, and averaged to enhance the composite signal-to-noise ratio of the range measurement. In doing so, innocuous acoustic sources may be opportunistically exploited as if the array were part of a multi-static, active (e.g., sonar) system.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有时间对准的源组合器的多中心被动声纳，其利用目标光束和所有其它光束之间的互相关来检测和测量目标的范围。 该组合器执行目标光束和每个源光束之间的长期互相关，然后聚合各个相关结果，基于场景几何对准时间，并对其进行平均，以增强范围的复合信噪比 测量。 在这样做时，可能有机会地利用无害的声源，就好像阵列是多静态主动（例如，声纳）系统的一部分。
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公开(公告)号：US5528554A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-18
申请号：US39600
申请日：1993-03-22
CPC分类号： G01S7/52004 , G01S15/8902 , G01V1/20
摘要： A method for compensating for lateral distortion in a moving linear array using a frequency domain beamformer, comprising the steps of measuring the instantaneous lateral distortion of the linear array at discrete points along the array, corresponding to array element locations, calculating a shading weight for each of the discrete points along the array, corresponding to array element locations based on the instantaneous lateral distortion at each said point and calculating the compensated beam magnitude by multiplying said shading weight into the frequency domain beamformer equation.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用频域波束形成器来补偿运动线性阵列中的横向失真的方法，包括以下步骤：对应于阵列元件位置，沿着阵列的离散点测量线性阵列的瞬时横向失真，计算每个 沿着阵列的离散点，基于每个所述点处的瞬时横向失真对应于阵列元素位置，并通过将所述阴影权重乘以频域波束形成方程来计算补偿的波束幅度。
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公开(公告)号：US5617099A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-01
申请号：US589806
申请日：1996-01-22
申请人： Ronald W. Warren , Ben R. Breed
发明人： Ronald W. Warren , Ben R. Breed
IPC分类号： G01S13/524 , G01S13/53
CPC分类号： G01S13/5244 , H04L25/03993
摘要： An adaptive processor which uses the successive range and Doppler outputs of a conventional matched-filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio for non white noise/clutter. The adaptive processor minimizes the output for a given range and Doppler cell with the constraint that the response to signals returning with specified range and Doppler offsets, with respect to the center of the range-Doppler cell, each have specified values. Weights are derived which can be applied to range-Doppler outputs in the neighborhood of the range-Doppler cell to minimize its output subject to the constraints. The weights depend on an estimate of the cross-covariance matrix of the various outputs of the range-Doppler cells that are to be weighted. The constraint parameters are specified in terms of the ambiguity function of the transmitted waveform. Synthetically generated covariance matrices or combinations of measured and synthetic matrices can also be used to produce desired modifications to the resulting range-Doppler response of the adapted process.
摘要翻译： 一种自适应处理器，其使用常规匹配滤波器的连续范围和多普勒输出来改善非白噪声/杂波的信噪比。 自适应处理器使给定范围和多普勒单元的输出最小化，其限制是相对于范围 - 多普勒单元的中心，以指定范围和多普勒偏移返回的信号的响应各自具有指定值。 导出权重，其可以应用于范围 - 多普勒单元附近的范围 - 多普勒输出，以使其受约束的输出最小化。 权重取决于要加权的范围 - 多普勒单元的各种输出的互协方差矩阵的估计。 约束参数根据发送波形的模糊函数来指定。 合成生成的协方差矩阵或测量和合成矩阵的组合也可以用于产生对所适应过程的所得范围 - 多普勒响应的所需修改。
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公开(公告)号：US5337259A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US24574
申请日：1993-03-01
申请人： Ben R. Breed
发明人： Ben R. Breed
摘要： Dipole detection and localization systems and methods employing improved processing techniques. The first processing technique provides for higher spatial resolution by implementing maximum likelihood beamforming processing to detect and locate a dipole in a manner analogous to the processing of wave propagation phenomena. The high resolution technique is comprised of using data derived from an array of magnetic sensors that is arranged in the form of a vector of coefficients in lieu of a matrix. This vector can be either the magnetic field components or the Anderson function expansion coefficients and is used to form a dyadic matrix, to which a multiple of an identity matrix is added to prevent singularity. The second improvement uses more than three Anderson function expansions to achieve detection and localization of the dipole. The use of more than three Anderson functions more effectively normalizes the noise dependence by providing better noise representations, and provides for detection and localization of multipoles. The third improvement provides for multiple-pass multiple-target processing of data measured by the array of sensors. First, the location of the largest dipole in the field-space of the array is determined, and its moment and orientation are determined. The field due to a dipole at that location and orientation is then removed from the measurement data and the process is repeated. The field is removed by subtracting out its contribution at each of the sensors in the array, and then estimating the location of the next largest dipole. Simulations have shown that this process provides the ability to resolve multiple dipoles, when applied as many times as is needed.
摘要翻译： 使用改进的处理技术的偶极检测和定位系统和方法。 第一种处理技术通过实现最大似然波束形成处理来以与波浪传播现象的处理类似的方式来检测和定位偶极子来提供更高的空间分辨率。 高分辨率技术包括使用以代替矩阵的系数向量的形式布置的磁性传感器阵列导出的数据。 该向量可以是磁场分量或安德森函数展开系数，并且用于形成二元矩阵，加上单位矩阵的倍数以防止奇异性。 第二个改进使用三个以上的Anderson功能扩展来实现偶极子的检测和定位。 通过提供更好的噪声表示，使用三个以上的安德森功能更有效地使噪声依赖性正常化，并提供多极的检测和定位。 第三个改进提供了通过传感器阵列测量的数据的多通道多目标处理。 首先，确定阵列的场空间中最大偶极子的位置，并确定其矩和取向。 然后从测量数据中移除在该位置和取向处的偶极子的场，并重复该过程。 通过减去其在阵列中的每个传感器的贡献，然后估计下一个最大偶极子的位置来移除该场。 仿真表明，当需要应用多次时，该过程提供了解决多个偶极子的能力。
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