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公开(公告)号：US4030554A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-21
申请号：US593692
申请日：1975-07-07
CPC分类号： E21B4/14
摘要： An airhammer embodies an outer housing structure connectible to a rotatable drill pipe string through which compressed air is conducted. A hammer piston reciprocates in the housing structure, compressed air being directed alternately to the upper and lower ends of the piston to effect its reciprocation in the structure, each downward stroke inflicting an impact blow upon the anvil portion of an anvil bit extending upwardly within the lower portion of the housing structure. Upon elevating the airhammer off the bottom of the bore hole being drilled, the anvil bit drops downwardly of the housing structure to open one or more air bleeding grooves in the anvil bit, compressed air in the housing structure bleeding quickly through such grooves and preventing or stopping the hammer piston from reciprocating and impacting against the anvil bit. A step is also placed in the bit at the junction between its head and shank to break the stress wave, incident to the hammer piston striking the anvil bit, before the wave reaches the bit head, thereby reducing the induced stress at the head and shank junction, which increases considerably the fatigue life of the bit, thereby preventing breaking of the shank at its junction with the bit head.
摘要翻译： 空气锤体现了可连接到可旋转的钻杆串的外部壳体结构，压缩空气通过该钻杆串被传导。 锤式活塞在壳体结构中往复运动，压缩空气交替地被引导到活塞的上端和下端，以在其结构中进行往复运动，每个向下行程对在砧座内的向上延伸的砧座的砧座部分施加撞击冲击 壳体结构的下部。 在将空气锤从被钻孔的底部提升时，砧座从壳体结构向下落下以打开砧座中的一个或多个排气凹槽，壳体结构中的压缩空气迅速通过这些凹槽而流失，并防止或 使锤式活塞停止往复运动并撞击砧座。 在头部和柄部之间的连接点处还放置一个步骤，以在波到达钻头头之前打破应力波，入射到锤子活塞撞击砧座，从而减小头部和柄部处的诱发应力 接头，这大大增加了钻头的疲劳寿命，从而防止柄部在与钻头头的连接处断裂。
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公开(公告)号：US4102418A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-25
申请号：US761627
申请日：1977-01-24
CPC分类号： E21B17/1078 , E21B21/00 , E21B21/12
摘要： A borehole drilling apparatus adapted for connection to a drilling string, wherein the cuttings pass through the center of the drill bit and are adapted for conveyance to the surface through a central pipe of the drilling string, a labyrinth seal being located between the outer perimeter of the apparatus and the wall of the borehole to provide an annular region of relatively immobile or stagnant fluid around the apparatus to forestall movement of fluid upwardly and downwardly past the labyrinth seal, part of the drilling fluid being conducted in a downward direction below the seal to force cuttings toward and through the center of the drill bit for upward conveyance through the central pipe, another portion of the drilling fluid being discharged above the seal for upward conveyance through the annulus between the drilling string and wall of the borehole to the top of the latter, whereby any formation material which may drop into the borehole annulus will be forced upwardly through such annulus to the top of the hole, the formation cuttings passing toward the bit center remaining uncontaminated.
摘要翻译： 一种钻孔钻孔装置，其适于连接到钻柱，其中所述切屑穿过所述钻头的中心并且适于通过所述钻柱的中心管输送到所述表面，迷宫式密封件位于所述钻柱的外周边之间 钻孔的装置和壁，以在设备周围提供相对不动或停滞的流体的环形区域，以防止流体向上和向下流过迷宫式密封件，部分钻井流体沿密封件下方向下传导， 向钻头中心施加力切割并通过钻头的中心，以通过中心管向上输送，钻井液的另一部分在密封件的上方排出，以向上输送通过钻孔钻柱和钻孔壁之间的环向顶部 后者，由此任何可能落入钻孔环形的成形材料将被向上推动通过这种 环到顶部的孔，形成切屑通向位中心保持未受污染。
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公开(公告)号：US4189185A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-19
申请号：US726947
申请日：1976-09-27
CPC分类号： E21B10/345 , E21B43/29 , E21B7/28
摘要： A pilot hole of a preselected diameter is drilled with a suitable bit in an earth formation to a desired depth. The bit is withdrawn from the hole, and an expandable hole opener or underreamer run in the pilot hole with its cutters fully retracted and closely adjacent to each other. When the depth is reached at which enlargement of the pilot hole is to commence to produce a blast chamber, the cutters are forced laterally outwardly by fluid pressure while the hole opener is rotated, without moving the hole opener axially of the pilot hole, to cut the wall of the pilot hole and increase its diameter to the extent determined by maximum expansion of the cutters, thereby forming the upper end of the enlarged blast chamber. Rotation of the hole opener continues while it is progressively lowered to drill the blast chamber down to the bottom or lower end of the pilot hole, the bottom of the blast chamber produced by the hole opener lying in substantially the same plane as the bottom of the pilot hole to collectively form a single blast chamber bottom.
摘要翻译： 将预定直径的导向孔用地层中的合适的钻头钻到所需的深度。 钻头从孔中取出，并且可扩展开孔器或扩孔器在导向孔中延伸，其切割器完全缩回并且彼此紧密相邻。 当到达导向孔的扩大开始产生鼓风室的深度时，切割器在开孔器旋转的同时通过流体压力横向向外强制，而不使导孔的轴向移动开孔器，以切割 导向孔的壁，并将其直径增加到由切割器的最大膨胀确定的程度，从而形成扩大的鼓风室的上端。 开孔器的旋转在其逐渐降低的同时继续下降以将鼓风室向下钻到导向孔的底部或下端，由开孔器产生的鼓风室的底部位于与底部相同的平面中 引导孔共同形成一个爆炸室底部。
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公开(公告)号：US4081042A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-28
申请号：US703525
申请日：1976-07-08
CPC分类号： E21B10/345 , E21B17/1014
摘要： The upper end of a rotary drill bit having initially retracted expansible cutters is connected to a stabilizer having initially retracted expansible stabilizer members, the upper end of the stabilizer being connectable to a rotary drill pipe string. The apparatus is lowered in a bore hole on the drilling string and rotated, the cutters being expanded to cut into the bore hole and enlarge it to a desired diameter, the apparatus being lowered to progressively continue enlarging the hole in a downward direction. Upon the stabilizer moving into the enlarged hole, its stabilizer members are expanded laterally to an extent conforming to the enlarged hole diameter, being engageable with the wall of the bore hole to stabilize the bit therebelow.
摘要翻译： 具有初始缩回的可膨胀切割器的旋转钻头的上端连接到具有初始缩回的可膨胀稳定器构件的稳定器，稳定器的上端可连接到旋转钻杆柱。 该装置在钻柱上的钻孔中下降并旋转，切割器被膨胀以切入钻孔中并将其放大到期望的直径，该装置被降低以逐渐地沿着向下的方向扩大孔。 当稳定器移动到扩大的孔中时，其稳定器构件横向膨胀到与扩大的孔直径相适应的程度，可与钻孔的壁接合以稳定其下方的钻头。
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