Electronic voting method and system and recording medium having recorded thereon a program for implementing the method
    1.
    发明授权
    Electronic voting method and system and recording medium having recorded thereon a program for implementing the method 失效
    电子投票方法,系统和记录介质,其上记录有用于实现该方法的程序

    公开(公告)号:US06845447B1

    公开(公告)日:2005-01-18

    申请号:US09434440

    申请日:1999-11-05

    摘要: A voter Vi encrypts his vote content vi with a public key kPC of a counter C, then concatenates the encrypted vote content xi with a tag ti to obtain a ballot zi, then randomizes it with a random number ri to create a preprocessed text ei, and sends it and a signature si therefor to an election administrator A. The administrator A generates a blind signature di for the preprocessed text ei and sends it back to the voter Vi. The voter Vi excludes the influence of the random number ri from the blind signature di to obtain administrator signature yi, and sends vote data to a counter C. The counter C verifies the validity of the administrator signature yi and, if valid, generates and publishes a vote list containing the data to the voter Vi. The voter Vi checks the vote list to make sure that it contains the data with his tag ti held in the ballot zi. The counter C decrypts the encrypted vote content xi in the ballot zi to obtain the vote content vi, and counts the number of votes polled for each candidate.

    摘要翻译: 投票人Vi用计数器C的公开密钥kPC加密他的投票内容vi,然后将加密的投票内容xi与标签ti连接以获得投票zi,然后将其随机数ri随机化以创建预处理文本ei, 并向竞选管理员A发送和签名。管理员A为预处理文本ei生成盲签名di,并将其发回给投票人Vi。 投票人Vi不包括来自盲签名di的随机数ri的影响以获得管理员签名yi,并将投票数据发送到计数器C.计数器C验证管理员签名的有效性,并且如果 生成并发布包含数据到投票人Vi的投票表。 投票人Vi检查投票表,以确保它包含数据,其标签ti保存在投票zi中。 计数器C解密投票zi中的加密投票内容xi以获得投票内容vi,并计算每个候选人轮询的投票数。

    Verifiable anonymous channel
    2.
    发明授权
    Verifiable anonymous channel 失效
    可验证的匿名渠道

    公开(公告)号:US06937728B1

    公开(公告)日:2005-08-30

    申请号:US09573351

    申请日:2000-05-19

    摘要: Two El Gamal ciphertexts, which are input to a two-input two-output unit switching gates SW forming a permutation network, are randomized with a random number and randomly permuted, and a zero-knowledge proof, which proves the correspondence between the inputs and outputs of the switching gates SW, is output to a verifier without revealing the random number and the random permutation. A decryption unit decrypts ciphertexts from a unit switching gate SW in he last column through the use of a secret key, and proves in zero-knowledge the validity of the decryption without revealing the secret key. A verification unit verifies the proof of each unit switching gate and the proof of the decryption unit.

    摘要翻译: 输入到形成置换网络的双输入双输出单元切换门SW的两个El Gamal密文被随机化并随机排列,并且是零知识证明,其证明了输入和 开关栅极SW的输出被输出到验证器而不显示随机数和随机置换。 解密单元通过使用秘密密钥从最后一列中的单元交换门SW解密密文,并且在不泄露秘密密钥的情况下证明解密的有效性。 验证单元验证每个单元切换门的证明和解密单元的证明。

    Signature generating apparatus, signature verifying apparatus, and methods and programs therefor
    3.
    发明授权
    Signature generating apparatus, signature verifying apparatus, and methods and programs therefor 有权
    签名生成装置,签名验证装置及其方法和程序

    公开(公告)号:US08458478B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-06-04

    申请号:US12682896

    申请日:2008-04-24

    IPC分类号: H04L9/32

    CPC分类号: H04L9/3066 H04L9/3247

    摘要: A signature is generated by a scheme in which x denotes a secret key of a signature generating apparatus, mrec∈{0, 1}M denotes a recovery message, k denotes an arbitrary value, g denotes a generator of a cyclic group G of order q, R represents gk∈G, H1 represents a hash function H1: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}L, H2 represents a hash function H2: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}M that has a variable output length, H3 represents a hash function H3: {0, 1}*→Zq, r=H1(R, mrec)|mrec(+)H2(R, H1(R, mrec)), where (+) represents an exclusive-OR operator, t is defined for γ, which depends on r, as t=H3(γ), s is defined as s=k−t·x∈Z, and a signature is σ=(r, s).

    摘要翻译: 签名由一个方案生成,其中x表示签名生成装置的秘密密钥,mrecE {0,1} M表示恢复消息,k表示任意值,g表示q阶的循环组G的生成器 ,R表示gkEG,H1表示散列函数H1:{0,1} * - > {0,1} L,H2表示具有的哈希函数H2:{0,1} * - > {0,1} M 可变输出长度H3表示哈希函数H3:{0,1} * - > Zq,r = H1(R,mrec)| mrec(+)H2(R,H1(R,mrec)),其中(+ )表示异或运算符,t定义为γ,其取决于r,因为t = H3(γ),s定义为s = kt·xEZ,签名为sigma =(r,s)。

    Method and apparatus for implementing traceable electronic cash
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for implementing traceable electronic cash 失效
    用于实现可追溯电子现金的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US5889862A

    公开(公告)日:1999-03-30

    申请号:US683538

    申请日:1996-07-15

    IPC分类号: G06Q20/00 H04L9/32 H04L9/30

    摘要: In a method for implementing traceable electronic cash, a user US sends a bank BK a product N of prime numbers P and Q, a prime number L and his real name ID.sub.U, and the bank BK generates a pseudonym I corresponding to the real name ID.sub.U and keeps the correspondence between the real name ID.sub.U and the pseudonym I secret. The bank BK uses a signature function .OMEGA.=D.sub.eB (N,L,I) to attach a signature to information composed of the above-mentioned N, L and I and sends the user US the signed information .OMEGA. as information containing a license B. The user US generates authentication information X from the N and a random number R and sends the bank BK information Z obtained by performing blind signature preprocessing on information (X,B) with a function F.sub.eC and has the information Z signed by the bank BK with a signature function D.sub.eC (Z) to obtain electronic cash C. When the user US abuses the electronic cash C, the bank BK follows a court order to reveal the correspondence between the real name ID.sub.U and pseudo name of the user US and trace the electronic cash spent.

    摘要翻译: 在用于实现可跟踪的电子现金的方法中,用户US向银行BK发送素数P和Q的乘积N,素数L和他的真实姓名IDU,并且银行BK产生对应于真实姓名IDU的假名I 并保持真实姓名IDU和假名I秘密之间的对应关系。 银行BK使用签名函数OMEGA = DeB(N,L,I)将签名附加到由上述N,L和I组成的信息上,并将用户签名的信息OMEGA作为包含许可证B的信息发送给US US。 用户US从N生成认证信息X和随机数R,并且通过对具有函数FeC的信息(X,B)执行盲签名预处理而获得的存储体BK信息Z,并且具有由银行BK与信元ZK签名的信息Z, 签名函数DeC(Z)获得电子现金C.当用户US滥用电子现金C时,银行BK遵循法院命令,以显示实际名称IDU和用户US的伪名称之间的对应关系,并追踪电子 现金花了

    SIGNATURE GENERATING APPARATUS, SIGNATURE VERIFYING APPARATUS, AND METHODS AND PROGRAMS THEREFOR
    5.
    发明申请
    SIGNATURE GENERATING APPARATUS, SIGNATURE VERIFYING APPARATUS, AND METHODS AND PROGRAMS THEREFOR 有权
    签名生成设备,签名验证设备及其方法和程序

    公开(公告)号:US20100268957A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-10-21

    申请号:US12682896

    申请日:2008-04-24

    IPC分类号: H04L9/32

    CPC分类号: H04L9/3066 H04L9/3247

    摘要: A signature is generated by a scheme in which x denotes a secret key of a signature generating apparatus, mrec ∈ {0, 1}M denotes a recovery message, k denotes an arbitrary value, g denotes a generator of a cyclic group G of order q, R represents gk ∈ G, H1 represents a hash function H1: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}L, H2 represents a hash function H2: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}M that has a variable output length, H3 represents a hash function H3: {0, 1}*→Zq, r=H1(R, mrec)|mrec(+)H2(R, H1(R, mrec)), where (+) represents an exclusive-OR operator, t is defined for γ, which depends on r, as t=H3(γ), s is defined as s=k−t·x ∈ Z, and a signature is σ=(r, s).

    摘要翻译: 签名由其中x表示签名生成装置的秘密密钥的方案生成,mrec∈{0,1} M表示恢复消息,k表示任意值,g表示顺序的循环组G的生成器 q,R表示gk∈G,H1表示哈希函数H1:{0,1} *→{0,1} L,H2表示哈希函数H2:{0,1} *→{0,1} M 具有可变输出长度,H3表示散列函数H3:{0,1} *→Zq,r = H1(R,mrec)| mrec(+)H2(R,H1(R,mrec)),其中(+ )表示异或运算符,t定义为γ,其取决于r,因为t = H3(γ),s被定义为s = k-t·x∈Z,签名为&sgr =(r ,s)。

    Radio transmission system for high-speed moving object
    6.
    发明申请
    Radio transmission system for high-speed moving object 审中-公开
    用于高速移动物体的无线电传输系统

    公开(公告)号:US20070082672A1

    公开(公告)日:2007-04-12

    申请号:US10574820

    申请日:2004-07-28

    IPC分类号: H04Q7/20

    CPC分类号: H04B7/26

    摘要: A high-speed moving object (100) includes: a first communication unit (101) which transmits image data captured by an image capturing unit (103) over radio wave of the first frequency (f1); and a second communication unit (102) which transmits the image data over radio wave of the second frequency (f2) in the similar manner. A base station (200) includes a communication unit (201) which transmits control data indicating a timing of transmission over radio wave of a predetermined frequency, and each of the base stations (200a, 200b . . . ) perform communication over radio wave of the first frequency (f1) and radio wave of the second frequency (f2). A control center (300) includes a selection unit (302) which selects one image data from a plurality of image data, when there are, among the image data transmitted from the base station (200), the plurality of image data that have been captured by the identical image capturing unit (103) at the same time.

    摘要翻译: 高速移动物体(100)包括:第一通信单元(101),其通过第一频率(f 1)的无线电波发送由图像捕获单元(103)捕获的图像数据; 以及以类似的方式通过第二频率(f 2)的无线电波发送图像数据的第二通信单元(102)。 基站(200)包括通信单元(201),其发送指示预定频率的无线电波发送定时的控制数据,并且每个基站(200a,200b ...)通过无线电进行通信 第一频率(f 1)的波和第二频率(f 2)的无线电波。 控制中心(300)包括从多个图像数据中选择一个图像数据的选择单元(302),当从基站(200)发送的图像数据中存在多个图像数据时, 由同一图像拍摄单元(103)同时捕获。

    Video camera with record shutoff mechanism
    8.
    发明授权
    Video camera with record shutoff mechanism 失效
    具有记录关闭机制的摄像机

    公开(公告)号:US5521638A

    公开(公告)日:1996-05-28

    申请号:US321567

    申请日:1994-10-14

    摘要: A video camera includes a viewfinder through which an operator may view an image of an object to be videoed, a rotatably supported head-carrier cylinder and a capstan for transporting a length of magnetic recording medium. This video camera also includes at least one of first and second detecting units for detecting a change in rotation of the rotary head-carrier cylinder and for detecting a change in rotation of the capstan, respectively, and a determining unit operable to determine, in reference to information supplied from at least one of the first and second detecting units, whether or not a video recording then taking place is in accordance with the will of an operator. The video camera may be provided with at least one of a camera wobbling detector and an eye sensor for detecting whether or not the operator looks through the viewfinder and, in such case, the determining unit makes the determination in reference to information supplied from one of the camera wobbling detector and the eye sensor and that from at least one of the first and second detecting units.

    摘要翻译: 视频摄像机包括取景器,操作者可以通过该取景器观看要被摄像的物体的图像,可旋转地支撑的头托架气缸和用于传送一定长度的磁记录介质的绞盘。 该摄像机还包括第一和第二检测单元中的至少一个,用于检测旋转磁头 - 载体气缸的旋转变化并分别用于检测主导轴的旋转变化;以及确定单元,其可操作以在参考中确定 对于从第一和第二检测单元中的至少一个检测单元提供的信息,是否进行视频记录是否符合操作者的意愿。 视频摄像机可以设置有相机摆动检测器和眼睛传感器中的至少一个,用于检测操作者是否看过取景器,并且在这种情况下,确定单元参照从 相机摆动检测器和眼睛传感器以及来自第一和第二检测单元中的至少一个的眼睛传感器。

    Method and apparatus for settlement of accounts by IC cards
    9.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for settlement of accounts by IC cards 失效
    通过IC卡结算账户的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US5446796A

    公开(公告)日:1995-08-29

    申请号:US331735

    申请日:1994-10-31

    摘要: An IC card has a card information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, card secret keys pU and qU, a card public key nU, a card identification number IDU, and a first master digital signature SA1 for information including the card identification number. An IC card terminal has terminal information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, terminal secret keys pT and qT, a terminal public key nT, a terminal identification number IDT, and a second master digital signature SA2 for information including the terminal identification number IDT. When inserted into the IC card terminal, the IC card sends thereto the data nU, IDU, and SA1. The IC card terminal verifies the digital signature SA1 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits the data nT, IDT and SA2 to the IC card. The IC card verifies the digital signature SA2 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits information corresponding to the current remainder value V to the IC card terminal. The IC card terminal makes a check to see if the received information corresponding to the remainder value V is appropriate, and if so, becomes enabled for providing a service.

    摘要翻译: IC卡具有卡信息存储区域,其中写有主公开密钥nA,卡秘密密钥pU和qU,卡公开密钥nU,卡标识号IDU和用于包括卡的信息的第一主数字签名SA1 识别号码。 IC卡终端具有终端信息存储区域,其中写有主公开密钥nA,终端密钥pT和qT,终端公钥nT,终端标识号IDT和第二主数字签名SA2,用于包括终端的信息 识别号码IDT。 当插入IC卡终端时,IC卡向其发送数据nU,IDU和SA1。 IC卡终端通过主公开密钥nA验证数字签名SA1,如果有效,则将数据nT,IDT,SA2发送给IC卡。 IC卡通过主公开密钥nA验证数字签名SA2,如果有效,则向IC卡终端发送与当前剩余值V相对应的信息。 IC卡终端进行检查以查看与余数值V对应的接收信息是否合适,如果是,则能够提供服务。

    System for controlling the amount of light reaching an image pick-up
apparatus based on a brightness/darkness ratio weighing
    10.
    发明授权
    System for controlling the amount of light reaching an image pick-up apparatus based on a brightness/darkness ratio weighing 失效
    用于基于亮度/黑度比重来控制到达摄像装置的光量的系统

    公开(公告)号:US4843476A

    公开(公告)日:1989-06-27

    申请号:US123539

    申请日:1987-11-20

    IPC分类号: H04N5/235 H04N5/238

    CPC分类号: H04N5/238 H04N5/2351

    摘要: A light signal control circuit for an image pick-up apparatus detects a substantially peak value of image pick-up signals by a first level detection circuit, detects a substantially average value of the image pick-up signals by a second level detection circuit, determine a brightness condition of an object by a decision circuit, weights the outputs of the first level detection circuit and the second level detection circuit by a weighting circuit, and controls the amount of light reaching an image pick-up apparatus in accordance with an output of the weighting circuit. Optimum light control corresponding to the brightness condition of the object is attained by controlling the weighting operation in accordance with an output of the decision circuit.

    摘要翻译: 用于摄像装置的光信号控制电路通过第一电平检测电路检测摄像信号的基本峰值,通过第二电平检测电路检测摄像信号的基本平均值,确定 通过判定电路对象的亮度状态,通过加权电路对第一电平检测电路和第二电平检测电路的输出进行加权,并根据输入的方式控制到达摄像装置的光量 加权电路。 通过根据判定电路的输出控制加权操作来实现与物体的亮度条件对应的最佳光控制。