摘要:
A voter Vi encrypts his vote content vi with a public key kPC of a counter C, then concatenates the encrypted vote content xi with a tag ti to obtain a ballot zi, then randomizes it with a random number ri to create a preprocessed text ei, and sends it and a signature si therefor to an election administrator A. The administrator A generates a blind signature di for the preprocessed text ei and sends it back to the voter Vi. The voter Vi excludes the influence of the random number ri from the blind signature di to obtain administrator signature yi, and sends vote data to a counter C. The counter C verifies the validity of the administrator signature yi and, if valid, generates and publishes a vote list containing the data to the voter Vi. The voter Vi checks the vote list to make sure that it contains the data with his tag ti held in the ballot zi. The counter C decrypts the encrypted vote content xi in the ballot zi to obtain the vote content vi, and counts the number of votes polled for each candidate.
摘要:
Two El Gamal ciphertexts, which are input to a two-input two-output unit switching gates SW forming a permutation network, are randomized with a random number and randomly permuted, and a zero-knowledge proof, which proves the correspondence between the inputs and outputs of the switching gates SW, is output to a verifier without revealing the random number and the random permutation. A decryption unit decrypts ciphertexts from a unit switching gate SW in he last column through the use of a secret key, and proves in zero-knowledge the validity of the decryption without revealing the secret key. A verification unit verifies the proof of each unit switching gate and the proof of the decryption unit.
摘要:
A signature is generated by a scheme in which x denotes a secret key of a signature generating apparatus, mrec∈{0, 1}M denotes a recovery message, k denotes an arbitrary value, g denotes a generator of a cyclic group G of order q, R represents gk∈G, H1 represents a hash function H1: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}L, H2 represents a hash function H2: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}M that has a variable output length, H3 represents a hash function H3: {0, 1}*→Zq, r=H1(R, mrec)|mrec(+)H2(R, H1(R, mrec)), where (+) represents an exclusive-OR operator, t is defined for γ, which depends on r, as t=H3(γ), s is defined as s=k−t·x∈Z, and a signature is σ=(r, s).
摘要:
In a method for implementing traceable electronic cash, a user US sends a bank BK a product N of prime numbers P and Q, a prime number L and his real name ID.sub.U, and the bank BK generates a pseudonym I corresponding to the real name ID.sub.U and keeps the correspondence between the real name ID.sub.U and the pseudonym I secret. The bank BK uses a signature function .OMEGA.=D.sub.eB (N,L,I) to attach a signature to information composed of the above-mentioned N, L and I and sends the user US the signed information .OMEGA. as information containing a license B. The user US generates authentication information X from the N and a random number R and sends the bank BK information Z obtained by performing blind signature preprocessing on information (X,B) with a function F.sub.eC and has the information Z signed by the bank BK with a signature function D.sub.eC (Z) to obtain electronic cash C. When the user US abuses the electronic cash C, the bank BK follows a court order to reveal the correspondence between the real name ID.sub.U and pseudo name of the user US and trace the electronic cash spent.
摘要:
A signature is generated by a scheme in which x denotes a secret key of a signature generating apparatus, mrec ∈ {0, 1}M denotes a recovery message, k denotes an arbitrary value, g denotes a generator of a cyclic group G of order q, R represents gk ∈ G, H1 represents a hash function H1: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}L, H2 represents a hash function H2: {0, 1}*→{0, 1}M that has a variable output length, H3 represents a hash function H3: {0, 1}*→Zq, r=H1(R, mrec)|mrec(+)H2(R, H1(R, mrec)), where (+) represents an exclusive-OR operator, t is defined for γ, which depends on r, as t=H3(γ), s is defined as s=k−t·x ∈ Z, and a signature is σ=(r, s).
摘要:
A high-speed moving object (100) includes: a first communication unit (101) which transmits image data captured by an image capturing unit (103) over radio wave of the first frequency (f1); and a second communication unit (102) which transmits the image data over radio wave of the second frequency (f2) in the similar manner. A base station (200) includes a communication unit (201) which transmits control data indicating a timing of transmission over radio wave of a predetermined frequency, and each of the base stations (200a, 200b . . . ) perform communication over radio wave of the first frequency (f1) and radio wave of the second frequency (f2). A control center (300) includes a selection unit (302) which selects one image data from a plurality of image data, when there are, among the image data transmitted from the base station (200), the plurality of image data that have been captured by the identical image capturing unit (103) at the same time.
摘要:
A method for preparing a trimer of .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof, wherein .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof is added to an organic solvent comprising Lewis acid is provided. According to the method, the trimer of .alpha.-methyl styrene or derivatives thereof can be obtained in high yield.
摘要:
A video camera includes a viewfinder through which an operator may view an image of an object to be videoed, a rotatably supported head-carrier cylinder and a capstan for transporting a length of magnetic recording medium. This video camera also includes at least one of first and second detecting units for detecting a change in rotation of the rotary head-carrier cylinder and for detecting a change in rotation of the capstan, respectively, and a determining unit operable to determine, in reference to information supplied from at least one of the first and second detecting units, whether or not a video recording then taking place is in accordance with the will of an operator. The video camera may be provided with at least one of a camera wobbling detector and an eye sensor for detecting whether or not the operator looks through the viewfinder and, in such case, the determining unit makes the determination in reference to information supplied from one of the camera wobbling detector and the eye sensor and that from at least one of the first and second detecting units.
摘要:
An IC card has a card information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, card secret keys pU and qU, a card public key nU, a card identification number IDU, and a first master digital signature SA1 for information including the card identification number. An IC card terminal has terminal information memory area wherein there are written a master public key nA, terminal secret keys pT and qT, a terminal public key nT, a terminal identification number IDT, and a second master digital signature SA2 for information including the terminal identification number IDT. When inserted into the IC card terminal, the IC card sends thereto the data nU, IDU, and SA1. The IC card terminal verifies the digital signature SA1 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits the data nT, IDT and SA2 to the IC card. The IC card verifies the digital signature SA2 by the master public key nA and, if it is valid, transmits information corresponding to the current remainder value V to the IC card terminal. The IC card terminal makes a check to see if the received information corresponding to the remainder value V is appropriate, and if so, becomes enabled for providing a service.
摘要:
A light signal control circuit for an image pick-up apparatus detects a substantially peak value of image pick-up signals by a first level detection circuit, detects a substantially average value of the image pick-up signals by a second level detection circuit, determine a brightness condition of an object by a decision circuit, weights the outputs of the first level detection circuit and the second level detection circuit by a weighting circuit, and controls the amount of light reaching an image pick-up apparatus in accordance with an output of the weighting circuit. Optimum light control corresponding to the brightness condition of the object is attained by controlling the weighting operation in accordance with an output of the decision circuit.