Abstract:
Capacitive electrokinetic densification, decontamination and dewatering of suspensions and soils can be performed while controlling and/or preventing chemical and pH changes in the densified material and extracted water. High electrical capacitance electrodes or Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) electrodes are used which can operate without redox reactions occurring on their surfaces until their developed voltage reaches the standard electrode potential of the electrode. Water-retaining, flexible covers for the EDLC electrodes have drainage and filtering capabilities and are made of a fabric which allows the passage of ions, water and electricity therethrough and facilitate continuous electrical contact between the EDLC electrode and the surrounding suspension.
Abstract:
A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacity electrodes confined in insulated containers.
Abstract:
An electrodialysis process and apparatus is presented for improving the current efficiency of salty water desalination. The process includes reducing the osmotic and the electro-osmotic flow of water from diluate compartments to concentrate compartments, and between electrode compartments and adjacent compartments, by confinement and hydraulic isolation of their contents in constant volume compartments, so that the tendency of waters entering from diluate compartments to concentrate compartments leads to pressure buildup in the concentrate compartments, reducing the transfer of product desalinated water to the concentrate waste.
Abstract:
A device and method for penetrating the Coulomb barrier is disclosed. An electrode is positioned within a hollow shell, the shell enclosing an inner space containing a fusion reactive fuel such as deuterium. The inner space with the fuel is coaxially centered about the electrode, and a confinement layer made of a high dielectric strength material is located at the outer edge of the inner space, on the inside surface of the spherical shell. A high voltage power source charges the electrode, which causes a tightly packed fusion fuel nucleus cloud such as a deuteron cloud to form on the inner face of the confinement layer, facilitating coulomb barrier penetration. Using the device of the invention, conditions can also be created which enable Coulomb barrier penetration by firing nuclei towards the cloud of nuclei by applying high voltage pulses to the electrode.
Abstract:
A device and process for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers. Industrial plants employing the inventive process can have the flexibility to produce needed industrial chemical compounds such as Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas, based on market demand, and can be located near points of consumption to significantly reduce transportation costs.
Abstract:
A device and process for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers. Industrial plants employing the inventive process can have the flexibility to produce needed industrial chemical compounds such as Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas, based on market demand, and can be located near points of consumption to significantly reduce transportation costs.
Abstract:
A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.
Abstract:
A device and process are disclosed for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers.
Abstract:
An apparatus and process for electrophoretic and electro-osmotic densification, decontamination and dewatering of suspensions includes the use of high electrical capacitance electrodes for capacitive generation of electric fields. Polarity reversals between the capacitor electrodes prevent faradic electrolysis and corrosion reactions at the electrodes, and water wettable, flexible linings for the electrodes, having drainage and filtering capabilities, can also be used as interceptor drains positioned adjacent and in full electric contact with the electrodes, as well as within the suspension as flow path dividers.