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公开(公告)号：US5804349A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US907368
申请日：1997-08-07
申请人： Beng S. Ong , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Walter Mychajlowskij , David J. Sanders , T. Hwee Ng
发明人： Beng S. Ong , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Walter Mychajlowskij , David J. Sanders , T. Hwee Ng
CPC分类号： G03G9/08795 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08731 , G03G9/09725
摘要： A toner comprised of pigment, and an addition polymer resin generated from about 55 to about 80 weight percent of styrene, from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of acrylate, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of acrylonitrile, and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of acrylic acid.
摘要翻译： 由颜料组成的调色剂和由约55至约80重量％的苯乙烯，约1至约25重量％的丙烯酸酯，约1至约20重量％的丙烯腈和约0.5至约20重量％的丙烯腈产生的加成聚合物树脂 约5重量％的丙烯酸。
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公开(公告)号：US5683848A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US720736
申请日：1996-10-02
申请人： Beng S. Ong , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Walter Mychajlowskij , David J. Sanders , T. Hwee Ng
发明人： Beng S. Ong , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Raj D. Patel , Walter Mychajlowskij , David J. Sanders , T. Hwee Ng
CPC分类号： G03G9/08795 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/08711 , G03G9/08731 , G03G9/09725
摘要： A toner comprised of pigment, and an addition polymer resin generated from about 55 to about 80 weight percent of styrene, from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of acrylate, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of acrylonitrile, and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of acrylic acid.
摘要翻译： 由颜料组成的调色剂和由约55至约80重量％的苯乙烯，约1至约25重量％的丙烯酸酯，约1至约20重量％的丙烯腈和约0.5至约20重量％的丙烯腈产生的加成聚合物树脂 约5重量％的丙烯酸。
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公开(公告)号：US5650255A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US706880
申请日：1996-09-03
申请人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , David Kurceba , Francisco E. Torres , David J. Sanders
发明人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , David Kurceba , Francisco E. Torres , David J. Sanders
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0819
摘要： An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of reactants to stabilize the above electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(vi) heating said electrostatically bound toner sized aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles containing pigment, resin and optionally a charge control agent;(vii) optionally isolating said toner, optionally washing with water; and optionally(viii) drying said toner.
摘要翻译： 用于制备调色剂的原位化学方法包括（i）提供胶乳，所述胶乳由聚合树脂颗粒，离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）提供颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料溶液，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （iii）将所述颜料分散体与所述胶乳混合，配备有叶轮的搅拌器，以约100至约900rpm的速度搅拌约10分钟至约150分钟; （iv）将上述胶乳和颜料混合物的混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （v）加入其量为约0.1％至5％（重量）的反应物的水性离子表面活性剂或稳定剂，以稳定上述静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）将所述静电结合的调色剂大小的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以形成含有颜料，树脂和任选的电荷控制剂的调色剂尺寸颗粒; （vii）任选地分离所述调色剂，任选地用水洗涤; 和（viii）干燥所述调色剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5858601A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-12
申请号：US127851
申请日：1998-08-03
CPC分类号： G03G9/093 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising(i) blending (a) a colorant dispersion containing a first ionic surfactant with (b) a latex emulsion comprised of an aqueous dispersion of core-shell polymer particles with a crosslinked polymer core and a linear polymer shell, and optional nonionic surfactant and a second ionic surfactant with a charge polarity opposite to that of said first ionic surfactant in said colorant dispersion;(ii) heating the resulting mixture at about below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the linear latex shell polymer to form aggregates; and(iii) subsequently heating said aggregates about above the Tg of the linear latex shell polymer to effect coalescence and fusion of said aggregates.
摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括（i）将（a）含有第一离子表面活性剂的着色剂分散体与（b）由核 - 壳聚合物颗粒的水性分散体与交联的聚合物核心和线性聚合物组成的胶乳乳液 壳和任选的非离子表面活性剂和在所述着色剂分散体中具有与所述第一离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷的第二离子表面活性剂; （ii）将所得混合物加热至低于线性胶乳壳聚合物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成聚集体; 和（iii）随后将所述聚集体加热至高于线性胶乳壳聚合物的Tg，以实现所述聚集体的聚结和熔融。
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公开(公告)号：US5370964A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-06
申请号：US158343
申请日：1993-11-29
申请人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher , T. Hwee Ng , William J. Dale
发明人： Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , Michael A. Hopper , Melvin D. Croucher , T. Hwee Ng , William J. Dale
IPC分类号： G03G9/08
CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 , G03G9/0804
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at about 450 to about 800 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(vi) adding further ionic or nonionic surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (vii); and(vii) heating the formed statically bound aggregated particles of (vi) about above the Tg of the resin to provide coalesced particles of toner(viii) separating said toner; and(ix) drying said toner.
摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂的聚合胶乳剪切颜料分散体，并且该胶乳含有非离子表面活性剂，从而形成均匀或均匀的共混物; （iii）在树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）附近加热上述剪切均匀混合物以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）重新研磨上述静电结合的调色剂聚集体（iii）以将（iii）的所述调色剂聚集体碎裂或分解成更小的平均直径粒径; （v）在低于约玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的树脂下，将所形成的由树脂，颜料颗粒和离子型，抗衡离子和非离子表面活性剂组成的剪切的均匀混合物（iv）加热至约450至约 800转/分钟，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）以约0.1至约10重量％的水加入另外的离子或非离子表面活性剂以最小化在聚结步骤（vii）中颗粒的进一步生长或增大; （vii）将所形成的静态结合的（vi）聚集的颗粒加热到树脂的Tg附近，以提供聚结的调色剂颗粒（viii）分离所述调色剂; 和（ix）干燥所述调色剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5723252A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-03
申请号：US707037
申请日：1996-09-03
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , Y10S977/788
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner which comprises (i) preparing a pigment dispersion comprised of a pigment dispersed in an ionic surfactant; (ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin particles and a counterionic surfactant; (iii) heating the above sheared blend below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of said resin particles to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates; (iv) adding a stabilizer of in situ tricalcium phosphate solid particulants generated from a solution of calcium chloride and trisodium phosphate; (v) heating the mixture of (iii) and (iv) above about the Tg of the resin particles to obtain toner size particles comprised of resin and pigment; (vi) washing with an acid to dissolve the trisodium phosphate; and (vii) optionally washing with water, and optionally drying the toner obtained.
摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，其包括（i）制备由分散在离子表面活性剂中的颜料组成的颜料分散体; （ii）用由树脂颗粒和抗衡离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热到所述树脂颗粒的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以下以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）加入由氯化钙和磷酸三钠生成的原位磷酸三钙固体颗粒的稳定剂; （v）加热上述（iii）和（iv）的混合物约树脂颗粒的Tg，得到由树脂和颜料组成的调色剂尺寸颗粒; （vi）用酸洗涤以溶解磷酸三钠; 和（vii）任选地用水洗涤，并任选地干燥获得的调色剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5650256A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US720646
申请日：1996-10-02
申请人： Richard P. N. Veregin , Maria N. V. McDougall , Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht
发明人： Richard P. N. Veregin , Maria N. V. McDougall , Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner is comprised of resin and pigment; and(vii) optionally drying the toner obtained.
摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，并且其中所述树脂含有酸官能团; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）加入阴离子表面活性剂以稳定（iii）中获得的聚集体; （v）通过将所述结合的聚集体加热到约树脂的Tg附近来聚结所述聚集体; （vi）将所述（ⅴ）的酸性官能团的树脂与碱反应形成丙烯酸盐，并且任选地在金属氧化物颗粒存在下，盐与碱或盐在水中进行离子交换，以控制 调色剂摩擦电荷，调色剂由树脂和颜料组成; 和（vii）任选地干燥获得的调色剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5567566A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-22
申请号：US605423
申请日：1996-02-22
CPC分类号： G03G9/0806 , C08F2/24
摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles comprising:(a) conducting a pre-reaction emulsification which comprises emulsification of the polymerization reagents of monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, chain transfer agent, and initiator, and wherein said emulsification is accomplished at a low temperature of from about 3.degree. to about 35.degree. C.; and(b) accomplishing an emulsion polymerization, which comprises heating the emulsified mixture of (a) in a reactor at from about 25.degree. to about about 125.degree. C. and retaining the contents of the reactor for an effective time period at said temperature of from about 25.degree. to about about 12.degree. C., followed by cooling.
摘要翻译： 一种制备聚合物胶乳颗粒的方法，包括：（a）进行预反应乳化，其包括乳化单体，极性共聚单体，水，表面活性剂，链转移剂和引发剂的聚合试剂，并且其中所述乳化完成 在约3℃至约35℃的低温下。 和（b）完成乳液聚合，其包括在约25℃至约125℃的反应器中加热（a）的乳化混合物，并将反应器的内容物在所述温度 约25℃至约12℃，然后冷却。
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公开(公告)号：US5847030A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US691770
申请日：1996-08-02
CPC分类号： G03G9/0806 , C08F2/24
摘要： A process for the preparation of polymer latex particles by conducting a pre-reaction emulsification with monomer, polar comonomer, water, surfactant, chain transfer agent, and initiator; and which pre-reaction emulsification is effected at a low temperature of from about 3.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C., for example, and thereafter, effecting emulsion polymerization by heating the aforementioned emulsified mixture in a reactor at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 125.degree. C. The aforementioned reactor contents are retained at this temperature, that is 25.degree. C. to 125.degree. C. for an effective time period. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is cooled.
摘要翻译： 通过与单体，极性共聚单体，水，表面活性剂，链转移剂和引发剂进行预反应乳化来制备聚合物胶乳颗粒的方法; 并且在例如约3℃至约35℃的低温下进行预反应乳化，此后，通过在反应器中将上述乳化混合物在约 25℃至约125℃。上述反应器内容物在该温度下保持25℃至125℃，持续有效时间。 此后，将反应混合物冷却。
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公开(公告)号：US5928832A
公开(公告)日：1999-07-27
申请号：US219027
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： Paul F. Smith , Beng S. Ong , T. Hwee Ng
发明人： Paul F. Smith , Beng S. Ong , T. Hwee Ng
CPC分类号： G03G9/0975 , G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0806
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion and a latex emulsion, and wherein there is accomplished a heating below about or equal to about the resin latex glass transition temperature to form aggregates followed by heating above about or equal to about the resin glass transition temperature to coalesce the aggregates; separating the toner formed, and subsequently adding to the toner in the form of a slurry a mixture of monomer and cleavable surfactant, cleaving the surfactant under basic conditions, and allowing the monomer to adsorb on the toner, then polymerizing and cooling, and wherein the cleavable surfactant is of the Formulas (I) or (II), or optionally mixtures thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrophobic aliphatic, or hydrophobic aromatic group; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, and alkylarylalkyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl; A is a hydrophilic polymer chain, and m represents the number of A segments
摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括混合着色剂分散体和胶乳乳液，并且其中完成低于大约或等于约树脂胶乳玻璃化转变温度的加热，以形成聚集体，然后加热至大约或等于约树脂 玻璃化转变温度以聚集聚集体; 分离形成的调色剂，然后将浆料形式的调色剂加入到单体和可切割表面活性剂的混合物中，在碱性条件下裂解表面活性剂，并使单体吸附在调色剂上，然后聚合和冷却，其中 可分解的表面活性剂是式（I）或（II）或其任选的其中R 1是疏水性脂族或疏水性芳族基团的混合物; R2选自氢，烷基，芳基，烷基芳基和烷基芳基烷基; R3是氢或烷基; A是亲水性聚合物链，m表示A链段的数目
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