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公开(公告)号：US20110284731A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：US12783207
申请日：2010-05-19
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于伽马射线检测的方法和相关系统。 伽马射线探测器取决于其性质以及这些属性如何受数据分析的影响。 井下探测器的理想性能包括： 高温操作，可靠/坚固的包装，良好的分辨率，高计数能力，高密度，高Z，低放射性背景，低中子截面，高光输出，单衰减时间，效率，线性度，尺寸可用性等。 没有一个单一的检测器具有所有这些特性的最佳优点，井下工具设计优选地在现有检测器中选择这些的最佳组合，这将优化所需环境中的测量的性能并且与剩余的非最佳特性一起使用。 优选的检测器选择是对于所有所需的非弹性元件获得所需的测量精度（测井速度）和/或使不需要的背景信号的最小化使得数据分析复杂化的选择。
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公开(公告)号：US5543617A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US266077
申请日：1994-06-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , G01F1/708
摘要： A method of measuring flow velocities in flowing fluids includes injecting into the flow a non-radioactive tracer having a neutron capture cross section higher than that of the flowing fluids, for example a gadolinium compound, and measuring the neutron capture cross section in the fluid downstream of the injection point to detect the passage of the tracer and hence determine the time of flight. By making the tracer miscible with only one phase (typically the continuous phase) of a multi-phase fluid, it is possible to measure the flow velocity of that phase. The neutron capture cross section can be measured by irradiating with neutrons from a pulsed neutron generator and measuring capture .gamma. rays with a scintillation detector.
摘要翻译： 测量流动流体中的流速的方法包括向流中注入具有高于流动流体例如钆化合物的中子捕获截面的非放射性示踪剂，并测量下游流体中的中子俘获截面 的注射点，以检测示踪物的通过，从而确定飞行时间。 通过使示踪剂仅与多相流体的一相（通常为连续相）混溶，可以测量该相的流速。 中子捕获截面可以通过用来自脉冲中子发生器的中子照射并用闪烁检测器测量捕获γ射线来测量。
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公开(公告)号：US5539225A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US307894
申请日：1994-09-16
申请人： William A. Loomis , Kenneth E. Stephenson , Jerome A. Truax , Wolfgang P. Ziegler , S. Zema Chowdhuri , Benoit Couet , Michael L. Evans , Paul Albats , Bradley A. Roscoe , Jacques M. Holenka , Keith A. Moriarty , William R. Sloan
发明人： William A. Loomis , Kenneth E. Stephenson , Jerome A. Truax , Wolfgang P. Ziegler , S. Zema Chowdhuri , Benoit Couet , Michael L. Evans , Paul Albats , Bradley A. Roscoe , Jacques M. Holenka , Keith A. Moriarty , William R. Sloan
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： Measurement-while-drilling apparatus includes a 14 MeV neutron accelerator, a near-spaced neutron detector which primarily senses source neutrons and whose output is proportional to source strength, one or more intermediately-spaced epithermal neutron detectors eccentered against the drill collar wall and primarily responsive to formation hydrogen concentration, and a third far-spaced radiation detector, either gamma ray or neutron, primarily responsive to formation density. The intermediately-spaced and far-spaced detector outputs, normalized by the near-spaced detector output, are combined to provide measurements of porosity, density and lithology and to detect gas. A thermal neutron detector and/or a gamma ray detector may also be provided at intermediate spacings to provide additional information of interest, such as standoff measurements and spectral analysis of formation composition. Tool outputs are related to the angular or azimuthal orientation of the measurement apparatus in the borehole.
摘要翻译： 测量同时钻探装置包括14MeV中子加速器，近距离中子探测器，其主要感测源中子并且其输出与源强度成比例，一个或多个间隔开的超热中子检测器偏心于钻铤壁，主要 响应于地层氢浓度，以及第三远距离辐射探测器，伽马射线或中子，主要响应地层密度。 通过近距离检测器输出归一化的中间间隔和远距离的检测器输出被组合以提供孔隙度，密度和岩性的测量并检测气体。 还可以以中间间隔提供热中子检测器和/或γ射线检测器以提供感兴趣的附加信息，例如间隔测量和地层组成的光谱分析。 刀具输出与钻孔中测量装置的角度或方位角方向有关。
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公开(公告)号：USRE36012E
公开(公告)日：1998-12-29
申请号：US710997
申请日：1996-09-25
申请人： William A. Loomis , Kenneth E. Stephenson , Jerome A. Truax , Wolfgang P. Ziegler , S. Zema Chowdhuri , Benoit Couet , Michael L. Evans , Paul Albats , Bradley A. Roscoe , Jacques M. Holenka , Keith A. Moriarty , William R. Sloan
发明人： William A. Loomis , Kenneth E. Stephenson , Jerome A. Truax , Wolfgang P. Ziegler , S. Zema Chowdhuri , Benoit Couet , Michael L. Evans , Paul Albats , Bradley A. Roscoe , Jacques M. Holenka , Keith A. Moriarty , William R. Sloan
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： Measurement-while-drilling apparatus includes a 14 MeV neutron accelerator, a near-spaced neutron detector which primarily senses source neutrons and whose output is proportional to source strength, one or more intermediately-spaced epithermal neutron detectors eccentered against the drill collar wall and primarily responsive to formation hydrogen concentration, and a third far-spaced radiation detector, either gamma ray or neutron, primarily responsive to formation density. The intermediately-spaced and far-spaced detector outputs, normalized by the near-spaced detector output, are combined to provide measurements of porosity, density and lithology and to detect gas. A thermal neutron detector and/or a gamma ray detector may also be provided at intermediate spacings to provide additional information of interest, such as standoff measurements and spectral analysis of formation composition. Tool outputs are related to the angular or azimuthal orientation of the measurement apparatus in the borehole.
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公开(公告)号：US20130211724A1
公开(公告)日：2013-08-15
申请号：US13807681
申请日：2011-06-27
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： The present disclosure is intended to overcome the problem of hydrogen contamination of the density signal. The approach is to compute the neutron capture portion of the total gamma ray counts and subtract it from the total counts resulting in a pure inelastic gamma ray measurement.
摘要翻译： 本公开旨在克服密度信号的氢污染问题。 该方法是计算总伽马射线计数的中子俘获部分，并从总计数中减去，从而产生纯非弹性伽马射线测量。
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公开(公告)号：US20080110253A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-15
申请号：US11558746
申请日：2006-11-10
CPC分类号： E21B49/005 , G01N21/65 , G01N21/658 , G01N2201/0697 , G01V8/02
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a substance in formations surrounding an earth borehole being drilled with a drill bit at the end of a drill string, using drilling fluid that flows downward through the drill string, exits through the drill bit entrained with drilled earth formation cuttings, and returns toward the earth's surface in the annulus between the drill string and the borehole, the method including the following steps: waiting for any of the substance that is dissolved in the drilling fluid to be substantially in equilibrium with any of the substance in the earth formation cuttings; and then measuring, downhole, the substance dissolved in the drilling fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量围绕钻孔的地层钻孔中的物质的方法和装置，其钻头在钻柱的端部使用钻井液向下流过钻柱，通过钻入钻地层切屑的钻头离开 并返回到钻柱和钻孔之间的环空中的地球表面，该方法包括以下步骤：等待溶解在钻井液中的任何物质基本上与任何物质在 地层切割; 然后测量，井下，溶解在钻井液中的物质。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5191517A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-02
申请号：US568924
申请日：1990-08-17
CPC分类号： H05H5/04
摘要： A particle accelerator comprises a Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier that provides linear axial and radial fields. The Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier includes capacitors that are arranged radially relative to one another, such that a linear voltage increase occurs between the capacitors. The particle accelerator is made by placing conductive foils on an insulating sheet, connecting the foils as a Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier, and rolling the insulating sheet with the foils into a cylinder to form the radially arranged capacitors.
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公开(公告)号：US4710675A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-01
申请号：US728135
申请日：1985-04-29
CPC分类号： H01J43/06
摘要： A photomultiplier includes a solid disk dynode and a pair of annular guiding electrodes disposed about the disk dynode transversely along the central axis of the photomultiplier tube on opposite sides of the dynode. The secondary and subsequent dynodes may be of conventional (e.g. venetian blind) construction or of solid disk construction. The solid disk dynode and guiding structure exhibits improved photoelectron pulse-height resolution and a better signal-to-noise ratio than a conventional venetian blind type dynode. In addition, the solid dynode structure is less susceptible to physical shock than conventional photomultiplier dynode designs.
摘要翻译： 光电倍增管包括固体磁盘倍增电极和一对环形引导电极，沿着光电倍增管的中心轴在倍增极的相对侧横向设置在盘倍增器周围。 次级和随后的倍增电极可以是常规的（例如，威尼斯盲）结构或实心盘结构。 固体磁盘倍增电极和引导结构表现出比常规的百叶窗型倍增极更好的光电子脉冲高度分辨率和更好的信噪比。 另外，固体倍增极结构比传统的光电倍增管设计不太容易受到物理冲击。
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公开(公告)号：US09357629B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-31
申请号：US12393462
申请日：2009-02-26
CPC分类号： H05H3/06
摘要： A neutron generator includes a sealed envelope providing a low pressure environment for a gas. One end of the envelope defines an ion source chamber. A target electrode is disposed at the other end of the envelope. An extracting electrode is spaced apart from the target electrode by an accelerating gap. The extracting electrode bounds the ion source chamber. A dispenser cathode electrode and grid electrode are disposed in the ion source chamber for inducing ionization in the ion source chamber. The dispenser cathode electrode, the grid electrode and the extracting electrode operate at a positive high voltage potential and the target electrode operates at or near ground potential. This configuration provides an electric field gradient that accelerates ions towards the target electrode to induce collisions of ions with target material, thereby causing fusion reactions that generate neutrons. High voltage power supply circuit means supplies a positive high voltage signal to the electrodes of the ion source. The positive high voltage signal has a low voltage signal component floating on a positive high voltage signal component. For the dispensing cathode electrode, the low voltage signal component can be a DC or AC signal suitable for emitting electrons from the dispensing cathode electrode. For the grid electrode, the low voltage signal component can be a positive pulsed-mode signal (preferably with magnitude in the range between 100 to 300 volts). High voltage insulation surrounds and electrically insulates the high voltage power supply circuit means. Other ion source electrode configurations, such as cold cathode (Penning) ion source and RF-driven ion source, can also be used.
摘要翻译： 中子发生器包括为气体提供低压环境的密封外壳。 信封的一端限定离子源室。 目标电极设置在信封的另一端。 提取电极通过加速间隙与目标电极间隔开。 提取电极界定离子源室。 分配器阴极电极和栅电极设置在离子源室中，用于在离子源室中诱导离子化。 分配器阴极电极，栅电极和提取电极以正高电位工作，目标电极工作在或接近地电位。 该配置提供电场梯度，其将离子加速到靶电极以引起离子与靶材料的碰撞，从而引起产生中子的聚变反应。 高电压电源电路为离子源的电极提供正高电压信号。 正高电压信号具有浮置在正高电压信号分量上的低电压信号分量。 对于分配阴极电极，低电压信号分量可以是适于从分配阴极电极发射电子的DC或AC信号。 对于栅格电极，低电压信号分量可以是正脉冲模式信号（优选地在100至300伏之间的幅度范围内）。 高压绝缘包围并电绝缘高压电源电路装置。 还可以使用其它离子源电极配置，例如冷阴极（Penning）离子源和RF驱动的离子源。
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公开(公告)号：US20080111064A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-15
申请号：US11558648
申请日：2006-11-10
IPC分类号： G01V5/08
CPC分类号： E21B49/081 , G01N21/65 , G01N21/85 , G01N2201/129 , G01V8/02
摘要： A method for determining a property of earth formations surrounding a borehole, including the following steps: isolating a region of the borehole, and obtaining a sample of borehole fluid from the isolated region; and implementing measurements, dowhole, of the Raman scattering of electromagnetic energy directed at the fluid sample; the property of the earth formations being determinable from the measurements. In a disclosed embodiment, the steps of isolating a region of the borehole and obtaining a sample of borehole fluid from the isolated region include: providing a logging device in the borehole in sealing engagement with the isolated region, causing formation fluid from the isolated region to flow in a flow line of the logging device, and providing a measurement cell in the logging device which receives the sample of formation fluid via the flow line.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定钻孔周围的地层的性质的方法，包括以下步骤：隔离井眼的区域，并从隔离区域获得井眼流体样品; 并实施针对流体样品的电磁能量的拉曼散射的测量值; 地层的性质可以从测量中确定。 在公开的实施例中，分离钻孔区域并从隔离区域获得井眼流体样本的步骤包括：在钻孔中提供与隔离区域密封接合的测井装置，使来自隔离区域的地层流体 在记录装置的流动管线中流动，并且在记录装置中提供测量单元，该测量单元通过流动管线接收地层流体样本。
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