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公开(公告)号：US4294544A
公开(公告)日：1981-10-13
申请号：US63500
申请日：1979-08-03
CPC分类号： G01B11/2513 , G01B11/002 , G01B11/022
摘要： Three-dimensional (3-D) topographic data defining a remote surface in terms of the 3-D positions of M.times.N sample points on that surface may be obtained by (1) illuminating the scene with an array of M.times.N (simultaneous) laser beams, (2) sequencing the array of laser beams through a series of mathematical patterns (space coding) by means of a programmable electro-optic shutter, (3) recording by an imaging device the illumination reflected from the surface during the projection of each mathematical pattern, (4) analyzing the images to obtain the three-dimensional locations of each of the M.times.N illuminated points on the surface which are visible to the camera or imaging device, and (5) determining which of the laser beams in the array are not visible to the imaging device. (N and M are any positive integers consistent with the device proposed; typically M=N=128, so that M.times.N=16384 points.) Mechanization for rapid three-dimensional mapping of the surface involves an array of laser beams illuminating the surface, a programmable electro-optic shutter to switch on and off subsets of laser beams in the array and thereby to input the space code projected on the surface, a (usually narrow bandpass) video camera to capture the reflected images of the space coded surface from a given perspective (and if necessary from various other aspect angles), and a device to synchronize the electro-optic shutter with the video camera. Space coding of the light beams is used to correlate each spot seen on the surface with the corresponding beam in the laser beam array. A space code for an array of beams arranged in M rows and N columns reduces the number of images, I, necessary for correlating all light spots seen on the surface to I=l+log.sub.2 N where N is also the number of columns of the electro-optic shutter whch can be individually switched. The device achieves 3-dimensional topographic mapping much faster than laser rangefinder and optical devices because it can locate M.times.N surface points with only l+log.sub.2 n images (or patterns); it has much greater signal to noise capability than conventional light devices (it can work in daylight for a great variety of surface textures and uses non-moving, vibration-free components during data collection), and it is unambiguous in its mathematical results for all illuminated and visible surface points within its operating range.The invention differs from stereophotogrammetry by using one "active" device (the laser beam array) and one passive camera rather than two passive cameras as in conventional stereophotogrammetry. A system of several "active" devices (laser beam arrays) and several passive cameras is also comprehended if the object to be interrogated is very rough, convoluted, or has many sides.
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5005143A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-02
申请号：US411911
申请日：1989-09-25
CPC分类号： G09B7/04 , G06F19/345 , G06N5/04 , Y10S706/924
摘要： A system and method for selecting from a set of output actions for combinatory situations such as medical diagnosis defined by a pluality of input parameters. A decision making structure is established by an expert having a plurality of linked nodes. Random values of the input parameters are generated, which includes biasing the random values by a function of a preceding response. The steps are repeated until a sufficient number of responses having a predetermined statistical significance is achieved for each node. After this set up and teaching, the accuracy of the systems's predictions may be verified against actual responses by the expert. The decision making structure may be interrogated by entering a situation to be analyzed. The path the expert would take through the decision making structure is predicted by determining the probability of the expert's response at each mode in the structure to arrive at an output action. A plurality of structures may be established, one for each individual expert, allowing interrogation of any or all of the decision making structures.
摘要翻译： 用于从输入参数的定义所定义的医学诊断的组合情况的一组输出动作中选择的系统和方法。 决策结构由具有多个链接节点的专家建立。 产生输入参数的随机值，其包括通过前述响应的函数来偏置随机值。 重复这些步骤，直到为每个节点实现具有预定统计显着性的足够数量的响应。 在建立和教学之后，系统预测的准确性可以根据专家的实际反应进行验证。 决策结构可能会通过输入要分析的情况来询问。 通过确定专家在结构中的每个模式下的响应的概率来确定输出动作来预测专家通过决策结构的路径。 可以建立多个结构，一个用于每个专家，允许询问任何或全部决策结构。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4872122A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-03
申请号：US65304
申请日：1987-06-19
CPC分类号： G09B7/04 , G06F19/345 , G06N5/04 , Y10S706/924
摘要： A system and method for selecting from a set of output actions for combinatory situations such as medical diagnosis defined by a plurality of input parameters. A decision making structure is established by an expert having a plurality of linked nodes. Random values of the input parameters are generated, which includes biasing the random values by a function of a preceding response. The steps are repeated until a sufficient number of responses having a predetermined statistical significance is achieved for each node. After this set up and teaching, the accuracy of the system's predictions may be verified against actual responses by the expert. The decision making structure may be interrogated by entering a situation to be analyzed. The path the expert would take through the decision making structure is predicted by determining the probability of the expert's response at each node in the structure to arrive at an output action. A plurality of structures may be established, one for each individual expert, allowing interrogation of any or all of the decision making structures.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从用于由多个输入参数定义的医疗诊断的组合情况的一组输出动作中选择的系统和方法。 决策结构由具有多个链接节点的专家建立。 产生输入参数的随机值，其包括通过前述响应的函数来偏置随机值。 重复这些步骤，直到为每个节点实现具有预定统计显着性的足够数量的响应。 在设立和教学之后，可以根据专家的实际反应来验证系统预测的准确性。 决策结构可能会通过输入要分析的情况来询问。 通过确定专家在结构中的每个节点处的响应的概率来确定输出动作来预测专家通过决策结构的路径。 可以建立多个结构，一个用于每个专家，允许询问任何或全部决策结构。
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