摘要:
A apparatus for generating a structured line having a sinusoidal intensity distribution is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a coherent light source and a diffractive optical element. The coherent light source provides an incident light beam to the diffractive optical element, the incident light beam being modulated by means of the diffractive optical element to form a fringe pattern of sinusoidal intensity distribution. The diffractive optical element design is optimized in accordance with the optical field distribution of an incident-light-beam plane and the optical field distribution of an output-light-beam plane.
摘要:
An embodiment is a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure comprises at least two gate structures on a substrate. The gate structures define a recess between the gate structures, and the recess is defined by a depth in a vertical direction. The depth is from a top surface of at least one of the gate structures to below a top surface of the substrate, and the depth extends in an isolation region in the substrate. The semiconductor structure further comprises a filler material in the recess. The filler material has a first thickness in the vertical direction. The semiconductor structure also comprises an inter-layer dielectric layer in the recess and over the filler material. The inter-layer dielectric layer has a second thickness in the vertical direction below the top surface of the at least one of the gate structures. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness.
摘要:
An embodiment is a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure comprises an epitaxial region, a gate structure, a contact spacer, and an etch stop layer. The epitaxial region is in a substrate. A top surface of the epitaxial region is elevated from a top surface of the substrate, and the epitaxial region has a facet between the top surface of the substrate and the top surface of the epitaxial region. The gate structure is on the substrate. The contact spacer is laterally between the facet of the epitaxial region and the gate structure. The etch stop layer is over and adjoins each of the contact spacer and the top surface of the epitaxial region. A ratio of an etch selectivity of the contact spacer to an etch selectivity of the etch stop layer is equal to or less than 3:1.
摘要:
An embodiment is a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure comprises at least two gate structures on a substrate. The gate structures define a recess between the gate structures, and the recess is defined by a depth in a vertical direction. The depth is from a top surface of at least one of the gate structures to below a top surface of the substrate, and the depth extends in an isolation region in the substrate. The semiconductor structure further comprises a filler material in the recess. The filler material has a first thickness in the vertical direction. The semiconductor structure also comprises an inter-layer dielectric layer in the recess and over the filler material. The inter-layer dielectric layer has a second thickness in the vertical direction below the top surface of the at least one of the gate structures. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness.
摘要:
A microscopic imaging apparatus with flat-top distribution of light is disclosed, which includes an incident light source, a diffractive optical element, a beam-splitter, a tunable filter and an image sensor. The diffractive optical element receives an incident light provided by the incident light source and generates a uniform incident light. The uniform incident light illuminates a sample so that an optical signal is emitted from the sample. The optical signal passes through the beam-splitter and the filter unit to reach the image sensor for obtaining the detected image of the sample.
摘要:
Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device including a metal gate transistor and a resistor are provided. A method includes providing a substrate including a transistor device region and an isolation region, forming a dummy gate over the transistor device region and a resistor over the isolation region, and implanting the resistor with a dopant. The method further includes wet etching the dummy gate to remove the dummy gate, and then forming a metal gate over the transistor device region to replace the dummy gate.
摘要:
Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device including a metal gate transistor and a resistor are provided. A method includes providing a substrate including a transistor device region and an isolation region, forming a dummy gate over the transistor device region and a resistor over the isolation region, and implanting the resistor with a dopant. The method further includes wet etching the dummy gate to remove the dummy gate, and then forming a metal gate over the transistor device region to replace the dummy gate.
摘要:
An embodiment is a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure comprises an epitaxial region, a gate structure, a contact spacer, and an etch stop layer. The epitaxial region is in a substrate. A top surface of the epitaxial region is elevated from a top surface of the substrate, and the epitaxial region has a facet between the top surface of the substrate and the top surface of the epitaxial region. The gate structure is on the substrate. The contact spacer is laterally between the facet of the epitaxial region and the gate structure. The etch stop layer is over and adjoins each of the contact spacer and the top surface of the epitaxial region. A ratio of an etch selectivity of the contact spacer to an etch selectivity of the etch stop layer is equal to or less than 3:1.