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公开(公告)号：US6084233A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US891287
申请日：1997-07-10
CPC分类号： H04B10/2939 , G01D5/35383 , G01H9/004
摘要： The present invention significantly improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a passive optical array comprising sensors located in rungs between a distribution bus and a return bus. Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers are included in the buses proximate to each rung coupling to offset the coupler splitting losses. The gains of the amplifiers are selected to offset losses due to the couplings. The overall SNR can be maintained without significant degradation even for large numbers of sensors. In one aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located along the distribution and return buses directly after the couplers, except for the last coupler. In a second aspect, the amplifiers are located directly before each coupler. The optical amplifiers preferably are made of short lengths of erbium-doped fiber spliced into the distribution and return buses. Improvements can be made to the SNR when the distribution bus coupling ratios are set at optimal values. The value of the optimal coupling ratio depends upon the amplifier configuration, the excess loss and other configuration parameters. In preferred embodiments, sensors are grouped into parallel configurations in the rungs between the distribution and return buses to increase the number of sensors without a corresponding increase in the number of amplifiers and with an improvement in system performance. The number of sensors per rung is optimized to provide a low noise figure (NF) or a high SNR for each sensor in the array within a reasonable pump power budget.
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2.发明授权Time domain multiplexed amplified sensor arrays with improved signal to noise ratios 有权具有改善的信噪比的时域多路复用放大传感器阵列
公开(公告)号：US6040571A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-21
申请号：US237716
申请日：1999-01-26
CPC分类号： H04B10/2939 , G01D5/35383 , G01H9/004
摘要： The present invention significantly improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a passive optical array by adding erbium-doped optical amplifiers between the sensor couplings to offset the coupler splitting losses. Optical amplifiers are inserted between the sensor couplings along the signal path, and the gain of the amplifiers is designed to offset losses due to the previous coupling. The overall SNR can be maintained without significant degradation even for large numbers of sensors. In a first aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located along the distribution and return buses directly after the couplers, except possibly for the last sensor. In a second aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located directly before the couplers. The optical amplifiers preferably are made of short lengths of erbium-doped fiber spliced into the distribution and return buses. Improvements can be made to the SNR when the distribution bus coupling ratios are set at optimal values. The value of the optimal coupling ratio depends upon the amplifier configuration, the excess loss and other configuration parameters. In alternative embodiments, sensors are grouped into parallel configurations along the distribution and return buses to increase the number of sensors without a corresponding increase in the number of amplifiers and with an improvement in system performance to a certain point.
摘要翻译： 本发明通过在传感器耦合之间添加掺铒光放大器来显着提高无源光学阵列中的信噪比（SNR），以抵消耦合器分离损耗。 光放大器被插入到沿着信号路径的传感器耦合之间，并且放大器的增益被设计成抵消由于先前的耦合引起的损耗。 即使对于大量的传感器也可以保持整体SNR而没有显着的降低。 在本发明的第一方面中，除了最后一个传感器之外，放大器沿着分配和返回总线直接位于耦合器之后。 在本发明的第二方面中，放大器直接位于耦合器之前。 光放大器优选地由拼接到分配和返回总线中的短长度的掺铒光纤制成。 当分配总线耦合比被设置为最佳值时，可以对SNR进行改进。 最佳耦合比的值取决于放大器配置，过剩损耗和其他配置参数。 在替代实施例中，传感器沿着分配和返回总线被分组成并行配置，以增加传感器的数量，而不会相应地增加放大器的数量，并且将系统性能提高到某一点。
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3.发明授权Optical sensor array having multiple rungs between distribution and return buses and having amplifiers in the buses to equalize return signals 有权光传感器阵列在分布和返回总线之间具有多个梯级，并且在总线中具有均衡返回信号的放大器公开(公告)号：US06365891B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-02
申请号：US09606771
申请日：2000-06-29
IPC分类号： G01J104
CPC分类号： H04B10/2939 , G01D5/35383 , G01H9/004
摘要： The present invention significantly improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a passive optical array comprising sensors located in rungs between a distribution bus and a return bus. Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers are included in the buses proximate to each rung coupling to offset the coupler splitting losses. The gains of the amplifiers are selected to offset losses due to the couplings. The overall SNR can be maintained without significant degradation even for large numbers of sensors. In one aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located along the distribution and return buses directly after the couplers, except for the last coupler. In a second aspect, the amplifiers are located directly before each coupler. The optical amplifiers preferably are made of short lengths of erbium-doped fiber spliced into the distribution and return buses. Improvements can be made to the SNR when the distribution bus coupling ratios are set at optimal values. The value of the optimal coupling ratio depends upon the amplifier configuration, the excess loss and other configuration parameters. In preferred embodiments, sensors are grouped into parallel configurations in the rungs between the distribution and return buses to increase the number of sensors without a corresponding increase in the number of amplifiers and with an improvement in system performance. The number of sensors per rung is optimized to provide a low noise figure (NF) or a high SNR for each sensor in the array within a reasonable pump power budget.
摘要翻译： 本发明显着地改善了包括位于分配总线和返回总线之间的梯级中的传感器的无源光学阵列中的信噪比（SNR）。 铒掺杂光纤放大器包括在靠近每个梯级耦合的总线中，以抵消耦合器分裂损耗。 选择放大器的增益来抵消由于耦合造成的损耗。 即使对于大量的传感器也可以保持整体SNR而没有显着的降低。 在本发明的一个方面，除了最后一个耦合器之外，放大器沿着分配和返回总线直接位于耦合器之后。 在第二方面，放大器直接位于每个耦合器之前。 光放大器优选地由拼接到分配和返回总线中的短长度的掺铒光纤制成。 当分配总线耦合比被设置为最佳值时，可以对SNR进行改进。 最佳耦合比的值取决于放大器配置，过剩损耗和其他配置参数。 在优选实施例中，传感器在分布和返回总线之间的梯级中被分组成并行配置，以增加传感器的数量，而不增加放大器的数量并改善系统性能。 每个梯级的传感器数量被优化，以在合理的泵功率预算内为阵列中的每个传感器提供低噪声系数（NF）或高SNR。
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公开(公告)号：US5701318A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-23
申请号：US645965
申请日：1996-05-10
CPC分类号： H01S3/06795 , H01S3/06712 , Y10S372/703
摘要： A superfluorescent fiber source outputs highly polarized light without a substantial decrease in output power efficiency. According to one embodiment, a polarizer is spliced within the superfluorescent fiber at a selected location along the length of the fiber (e.g., near the middle of the fiber). According to another embodiment, the entire length of the superfluorescent fiber is polarizing to thereby assure that one of the polarizations of light is substantially extinguished while the other polarization of light is nearly double the power which that polarization would have if the polarizer were not present within the superfluorescent fiber. In this manner, superfluorescent sources can be adapted especially for use in fiber optic gyroscopes, or the like, which require highly polarized light, without a substantial reduction in efficiency.
摘要翻译： 超荧光光纤源输出高偏振光，而输出功率效率没有显着降低。 根据一个实施例，偏振器在沿着纤维长度（例如，靠近纤维中部）的选定位置处在超荧光纤维内部接合。 根据另一个实施例，超荧光纤维的整个长度是偏振的，从而确保光的极化之一基本上熄灭，而光的另一个极化几乎是如果偏振器不存在的那样偏振将具有的功率的两倍 超荧光纤维。 以这种方式，超荧光源可以特别适用于需要高度偏振光的光纤陀螺仪等，而不会显着降低效率。
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5.发明授权Time domain multiplexed amplified sensor array with improved signal to noise ratios 失效具有改善的信噪比的时域多路复用放大传感器阵列
公开(公告)号：US5866898A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US814548
申请日：1997-03-11
CPC分类号： H04B10/2939 , G01D5/35383 , G01H9/004
摘要： The present invention significantly improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a passive optical array by adding erbium-doped optical amplifiers between the sensor couplings to offset the coupler splitting losses. Optical amplifiers are inserted between the sensor couplings along the signal path, and the gain of the amplifiers is designed to offset losses due to the previous coupling. The overall SNR can be maintained without significant degradation even for large numbers of sensors. In a first aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located along the distribution and return buses directly after the couplers, except possibly for the last sensor. In a second aspect of the present invention, the amplifiers are located directly before the couplers. The optical amplifiers preferably are made of short lengths of erbium-doped fiber spliced into the distribution and return buses. Improvements can be made to the SNR when the distribution bus coupling ratios are set at optimal values. The value of the optimal coupling ratio depends upon the amplifier configuration, the excess loss and other configuration parameters. In alternative embodiments, sensors are grouped into parallel configurations along the distribution and return buses to increase the number of sensors without a corresponding increase in the number of amplifiers and with an improvement in system performance to a certain point.
摘要翻译： 本发明通过在传感器耦合之间添加掺铒光放大器来显着提高无源光学阵列中的信噪比（SNR），以抵消耦合器分离损耗。 光放大器被插入到沿着信号路径的传感器耦合之间，并且放大器的增益被设计成抵消由于先前的耦合引起的损耗。 即使对于大量的传感器也可以保持整体SNR而没有显着的降低。 在本发明的第一方面中，除了最后一个传感器之外，放大器沿着分配和返回总线直接位于耦合器之后。 在本发明的第二方面中，放大器直接位于耦合器之前。 光放大器优选地由拼接到分配和返回总线中的短长度的掺铒光纤制成。 当分配总线耦合比被设置为最佳值时，可以对SNR进行改进。 最佳耦合比的值取决于放大器配置，过剩损耗和其他配置参数。 在替代实施例中，传感器沿着分配和返回总线被分组成并行配置，以增加传感器的数量，而不会相应地增加放大器的数量，并且将系统性能提高到某一点。
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公开(公告)号：US5875203A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-23
申请号：US764577
申请日：1996-12-13
CPC分类号： H01S3/06795 , H01S3/0675
摘要： Fiber-amplified spontaneous emission sources incorporating spectral filters show an improvement in mean wavelength stability versus a number of operating factors, including pump wavelength, pump power, feedback, and temperature. By adjusting the spectral characteristics of the filter, the position of the filter along the length of the fiber, and the length of the rare-earth doped fiber, a stable ASE source is designed so as to provide stable operating points for the mean wavelength versus desired operating parameters. In many cases the sources show an improvement in mean wavelength stability by an order of magnitude or more over present sources.
摘要翻译： 包含光谱滤波器的光纤放大自发辐射源显示了平均波长稳定性与许多工作因素的改善，包括泵浦波长，泵功率，反馈和温度。 通过调整滤光片的光谱特性，滤光器沿光纤长度的位置和稀土掺杂光纤的长度，稳定的ASE光源被设计成为平均波长相对于 所需的操作参数。 在许多情况下，光源的平均波长稳定性提高了一个数量级以上，
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公开(公告)号：US09258628B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-09
申请号：US12259946
申请日：2008-10-28
CPC分类号： H04J14/0283 , G02B6/29367 , G02B6/2938 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/29391 , G02B6/29395 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3548 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3578 , G02B6/3582 , H04J14/0204 , H04J14/0205 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/021 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0217 , H04J14/022 , H04J14/0286 , H04L12/42 , H04L2012/421 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0052 , H04Q2011/0079 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： In a WDM optical communication system that includes a plurality of nodes interconnected by communication links, a node is provided which includes an optical coupling arrangement having at least one input port for receiving a WDM signal and a plurality of output ports for selectively receiving one or more wavelength components of the WDM optical signal. The optical coupling arrangement is adaptable to reconfigure its operational state to (i) selectively direct any one of the wavelength components received on the input port to any of the output ports independently of any other of the wavelength components and (ii) selectively direct any combination of two or more of the wavelength components from the input port to at least two of the output ports that serve as WDM output ports. At least one optical WDM interface is optically coupled to a first of the WDM output ports. The optical WDM interface is adapted to receive, at different times, a transponder and a transmission link through which a WDM signal can be communicated. At least one transponder is coupled to a second of the WDM output ports.
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公开(公告)号：US08437642B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-07
申请号：US12192952
申请日：2008-08-15
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： G02B26/0833 , G02B26/02 , G02B27/1006 , G02B27/1086 , G02B27/147
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for attenuating an optical beam. The method includes selecting a level of attenuation to be applied to the optical beam. A pattern of on-state and off-state pixels in a two dimensional spatial light modulator (SLM) is selected such that the pattern will modulate the optical beam to provide the selected level of attenuation. Finally, the optical beam is directed onto the SLM while tile pixels are arranged in the selected pattern. The pattern is periodic along a first axis and symmetric along a second axis along which an intensity distribution of die optical beam extends.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于衰减光束的方法和装置。 该方法包括选择要施加到光束的衰减水平。 选择二维空间光调制器（SLM）中的导通状态和截止状态像素的图案，使得图案将调制光束以提供所选择的衰减水平。 最后，光束被引导到SLM上，而瓦片像素以选定的图案排列。 该图案沿着第一轴线是周期性的，并且沿着第二轴对称，模具光束的强度分布沿该第二轴延伸。
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公开(公告)号：US07738748B2
公开(公告)日：2010-06-15
申请号：US12343422
申请日：2008-12-23
CPC分类号： H04J14/0283 , G02B6/29367 , G02B6/2938 , G02B6/29383 , G02B6/29391 , G02B6/29395 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3548 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3578 , G02B6/3582 , H04J14/0204 , H04J14/0205 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/021 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0217 , H04J14/022 , H04J14/0286 , H04L12/42 , H04L2012/421 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0052 , H04Q2011/0079 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： An all-optical, optical cross-connect includes first and second pluralities of multiport optical devices. Each of the first plurality of multiport optical devices have at least one input port for receiving a WDM optical signal and a plurality of output ports for selectively receiving one of more wavelength components of the optical signal. Each of the second plurality of multiport optical devices have a plurality of input ports for selectively receiving one of more wavelength components of the optical signal and at least one output port for selectively receiving one of more wavelength components of the optical signal. At least one of the first or second plurality of multiport optical devices are all-optical switches that can route every wavelength component independently of every other wavelength component. The plurality of input ports of the second plurality of multiport optical devices are optically coupled to respective ones of the plurality of output ports of the first plurality of multiport optical devices.
摘要翻译： 全光学交叉连接包括第一和第二多个多端口光学器件。 第一多个多端口光学器件中的每一个具有用于接收WDM光信号的至少一个输入端口和用于选择性地接收光信号的更多波长分量之一的多个输出端口。 第二多个多端口光学器件中的每一个具有多个输入端口，用于选择性地接收光信号的多个波长分量中的一个以及至少一个输出端口，用于选择性地接收光信号的多个波长分量之一。 第一或第二多个多端口光学器件中的至少一个是全光开关，其可以独立于每隔一个波长分量路由每个波长分量。 第二多个多端口光学器件的多个输入端口光学耦合到第一多个多端口光学器件的多个输出端口中的相应的输入端口。
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公开(公告)号：US07574078B2
公开(公告)日：2009-08-11
申请号：US10870326
申请日：2004-06-17
IPC分类号： G02B6/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0016 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026
摘要： An optical switch is provided which includes a plurality of input/output ports for receiving one or more wavelength component(s) of an optical signal. The optical switch also includes an optical arrangement that directs the wavelength component to any given one of the plurality of input/output ports. The given input/output port may be selected from among any of the plurality of input/output ports. If the optical signal includes a plurality of wavelength components, the optical arrangement includes at least one wavelength selective element such as a thin film filter. The wavelength selective element selects one of the wavelength components from among the plurality of wavelength components. The optical arrangement also includes a plurality of optical elements each associated with one of the wavelength selective elements. Each of the optical elements direct the selected wavelength component, which is selected by its associated selective element, to a given one of the plurality of input/output ports independently of every other wavelength component. The optical elements may be tiltable retroreflective mirror assemblies.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种光开关，其包括用于接收光信号的一个或多个波长分量的多个输入/输出端口。 光学开关还包括将波长分量引导到多个输入/输出端口中的任何给定的一个的光学装置。 给定的输入/输出端口可以从多个输入/输出端口中的任何一个中选择。 如果光信号包括多个波长分量，则光学装置包括至少一个波长选择元件，例如薄膜滤光片。 波长选择元件从多个波长成分中选择一个波长分量。 光学装置还包括多个光学元件，每个光学元件与波长选择元件之一相关联。 每个光学元件独立于每隔一个波长分量将所选择的被其相关联的选择元件选择的波长分量引导到多个输入/输出端口中的给定的一个。 光学元件可以是可倾斜的逆反射镜组件。
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