Detection of impurities in a fluid containing free gas using nuclear
techniques
    1.
    发明授权
    Detection of impurities in a fluid containing free gas using nuclear techniques 失效
    使用核技术检测含有游离气体的流体中的杂质

    公开(公告)号:US4365154A

    公开(公告)日:1982-12-21

    申请号:US127700

    申请日:1980-03-06

    摘要: Fluid containing free gas and in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements chlorine and hydrogen. The counting rate for thermal neutron gamma rays for hydrogen permits a measure of the hydrogen index (HI) of the fluid to be obtained. The hydrogen index and the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrogen are used to obtain an indication of the presence and concentration of chlorine or salt water in the fluid.

    摘要翻译: 含有游离气体的液体在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中被中子轰击,并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱,以确定元素氯和氢的浓度。 用于氢的热中子γ射线的计数率允许测量要获得的流体的氢指数(HI)。 使用氢指数和氯和氢的相对浓度来获得流体中氯或盐水的存在和浓度的指示。

    Detection of behind casing water flow at an angle to the axis of a well
borehole
    3.
    发明授权
    Detection of behind casing water flow at an angle to the axis of a well borehole 失效
    检测套管水流与井眼轴线成一定角度

    公开(公告)号:US4071757A

    公开(公告)日:1978-01-31

    申请号:US698398

    申请日:1976-06-21

    摘要: Methods and apparatus are disclosed herein for detecting undesired water flow at an angle to the axis of a well borehole. The borehole envisons is irradiated with 14 MEV neutrons resulting in the in situ creation of the radioactive tracer element N.sup.16 in the flowing water. Two spaced gamma ray detectors are used to sense gamma rays produced by the decay of this radioactive isotope. The distance from the center of each detector to the center of the flowing water is used to establish the angle of flow with respect to the well tool, the linear flow rate of the flow v and the volume flow rate V of the undesired water flow.

    摘要翻译: 本文公开了用于检测与井眼的轴线成一定角度的不期望水流的方法和装置。 钻井设想用14个MEV中子照射,导致流动水中原位产生放射性示踪元件N16。 使用两个间隔的伽马射线探测器来感测由该放射性同位素衰变产生的γ射线。 从每个检测器的中心到流动水的中心的距离用于建立相对于井工具的流动角度,流动v的线性流速和不期望的水流的体积流量V.

    Behind casing water flow detection using pulsed neutron oxygen activation
    4.
    发明授权
    Behind casing water flow detection using pulsed neutron oxygen activation 失效
    采用脉冲中子氧激活后套管水流检测

    公开(公告)号:US4035640A

    公开(公告)日:1977-07-12

    申请号:US628168

    申请日:1975-11-03

    摘要: Measurement of the linear flow velocity and volume flow rate of undesired behind casing water flow is provided. A well tool having a 14 MEV pulsed neutron source is used to irradiate the earth formations behind well casing with bursts of high energy neutrons. This irradiation activates elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of the undesired flow. Dual spaced gamma ray detectors located above or below the neutron source detect the decay of unstable isotope nitrogen 16 produced by the oxygen activation in the time intervals between the neutron bursts. Background radiation due to prompt N-.sigma. radiation is thus largely avoided. From the detected nitrogen 16 characteristic gamma rays the linear flow velocity of the undesired flow is determined. By combining this with an estimation of the distance R to the undesired flow region from the detectors, the volume flow rate V may be deduced.

    摘要翻译: 提供了不需要的套管水流的线性流速和体积流量的测量。 使用具有14MEV脉冲中子源的井具可以利用高能中子的脉冲来对井套管后面的地层进行照射。 该照射激活包含不需要的流的分子结构的元素氧核。 位于中子源上方或下方的双重间隔伽马射线探测器检测在中子爆发之间的时间间隔内由氧激活产生的不稳定同位素氮16的衰变。 因此,由于迅速的N-西格玛辐射导致的背景辐射被大大地避免。 从检测到的氮16特征γ射线确定不期望流的线性流速。 通过将其与来自检测器的不期望的流动区域的距离R的估计相结合,可以推导出体积流量V。

    Three frequency modulated combination thermal neutron lifetime log and
porosity
    5.
    发明授权
    Three frequency modulated combination thermal neutron lifetime log and porosity 失效
    三频调制组合热中子寿命对数和孔隙度

    公开(公告)号:US3979300A

    公开(公告)日:1976-09-07

    申请号:US576539

    申请日:1975-05-12

    IPC分类号: G01V5/10 G01V5/00

    CPC分类号: G01V5/102 G01V5/108

    摘要: Methods are disclosed for measuring simultaneously the thermal neutron lifetime of the borehole fluid and earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole, together with the formation porosity. A harmonically intensity modulated source of fast neutrons is used to irradiate the earth formations with fast neutrons at three different intensity modulation frequencies. Intensity modulated clouds of thermal neutrons at each of the three modulation frequencies are detected by dual spaced detectors and the relative phase shift of the thermal neutrons with respect to the fast neutrons is determined at each of the three modulation frequencies at each detector. These measurements are then combined to determine simultaneously the thermal neutron decay time of the borehole fluid, the thermal neutron decay time of surrounding earth formation media and the porosity of the formation media.

    摘要翻译: 公开了用于同时测量井眼附近的井眼流体​​和地层的热中子寿命以及地层孔隙度的方法。 使用谐波强度调制的快中子源,以三种不同的强度调制频率对具有快中子的地层进行照射。 在三个调制频率的每一个处,通过双重间隔的检测器检测热中子的强度调制云,并且在每个检测器处在三个调制频率的每一个处确定热中子相对于快中子的相对相移。 然后将这些测量结合起来同时确定井眼流体的热中子衰减时间,周围地层介质的热中子衰减时间和地层介质的孔隙度。

    Multiphase fluid flow meter (D#76,244)
    6.
    发明授权
    Multiphase fluid flow meter (D#76,244) 失效
    多相流体流量计(D#76,244)

    公开(公告)号:US4282760A

    公开(公告)日:1981-08-11

    申请号:US114482

    申请日:1980-01-23

    IPC分类号: G01F1/74 G01F1/88 G01N9/30

    CPC分类号: G01N9/30 G01F1/74 G01F1/88

    摘要: An improved multiphase fluid flow meter for fluid which contains gas. It has a full circle loop to subject the flowing fluid to centrifugal force, and it can measure the pressure differentials between the center and the outside and inside radii of the loop. Also it can measure the density of the average fluid flowing, plus the density of a continuous sampling of the gas and of the liquid constituent of the fluid.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于包含气体的流体的改进的多相流体流量计。 它有一个完整的回路,使流体流体离心力,并可以测量中心与环路的外部和内部半径之间的压力差。 此外,它还可以测量平均流体流动的密度,以及气体和流体的液体成分的连续取样的密度。

    Method and apparatus for measuring underground fluid flow characteristics
    7.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for measuring underground fluid flow characteristics 失效
    测量地下流体流动特性的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US4228350A

    公开(公告)日:1980-10-14

    申请号:US859357

    申请日:1977-12-12

    摘要: An underground logging tool is equipped with a gamma ray detector encircled by a rotatable shield featuring a collimator slot. After the fluid in a formation is activated by a neutron source, the detector is used to obtain radiation count information as a function of horizontal direction as the shield is rotated. Comparison of count rate data as a function of the shield slot orientation gives information concerning the direction of the formation fluid flow. Measurements at different time intervals following the activation of the fluid, made with the shield retracted from the detector, may also be interpreted in terms of speed of horizontal fluid flow past the tool.

    摘要翻译: 一个地下测井工具配有一个伽马射线探测器,该伽马射线探测器由一个具有准直器槽的可旋转护罩环绕。 在地层中的流体被中子源激活之后,当屏蔽旋转时,检测器用于获得作为水平方向的函数的辐射计数信息。 作为屏蔽槽方向的函数的计数率数据的比较给出了关于地层流体流动方向的信息。 使用从检测器退出的护罩制成的流体激活后的不同时间间隔的测量也可以根据水平流体流过工具的速度来解释。

    Behind casing water volume flow rate measurement using concentric gamma
ray detectors
    8.
    发明授权
    Behind casing water volume flow rate measurement using concentric gamma ray detectors 失效
    使用集中的伽马射线探测器进行水箱体积流量测量

    公开(公告)号:US4032779A

    公开(公告)日:1977-06-28

    申请号:US628170

    申请日:1975-11-03

    摘要: Measurement of the distance from a gamma ray detector to a gamma ray source for location of a channel of undesired behind casing water flow in a producing well is provided. Coaxially aligned dual cylindrical gamma ray detector crystals are used at one or more longitudinally spaced locations in the borehole to detect the characteristic gamma rays from the decay of radioactive nitrogen 16 produced by the activation of elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of undesired water flow. The ratio of counts at the outer coaxial detector to those at the inner coaxial detector is then interpreted in terms of R, the distance from the detector to the water flow channel. This distance information may then be combined with the linear flow velocity of such undesired water flow to derive an indication of the volume flow rate V of such flow.

    Method of measuring horizontal fluid flow in cased off subsurface
formations with manganese compensation
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of measuring horizontal fluid flow in cased off subsurface formations with manganese compensation 失效
    用锰补偿法测量地下地层水平流体流量的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4137452A

    公开(公告)日:1979-01-30

    申请号:US808422

    申请日:1977-06-20

    摘要: Fluid in permeable earth formations adjacent well casing is irradiated with neutrons to form radioactive tracer isotopes in the chemical elements comprising the fluid, typically sodium 24 in saline subsurface formation water, which decays by emission of gamma rays. By measuring the rate of decay of the radioactive isotope, a measure of horizontal fluid flow in the formation is obtained. Manganese, present in the steel well casing, has been found to also respond to the neutron irradiation by forming the isotope manganese 56 which emits gamma rays which interfere with the gamma radiation measurements of the trace element indicative of water flow. A method of measuring horizontal fluid flow while compensating for the presence of manganese 56 gamma rays is disclosed.

    摘要翻译: 用中子照射渗透性地层中的流体,以在包含流体的化学元素中形成放射性示踪剂同位素,通常是通过发射γ射线而衰减的盐水地下地层水中的钠24。 通过测量放射性同位素的衰减速率,可以获得地层中水平流体流量的量度。 已经发现存在于钢壳套管中的锰也通过形成同时发生γ射线的同位素锰56来响应中子辐射,这些γ射线干扰了表示水流的微量元素的γ辐射测量。 公开了一种在补偿锰56伽马射线的存在的同时测量水平流体流动的方法。

    Behind casing fluid flow detection in producing wells using gas lift
    10.
    发明授权
    Behind casing fluid flow detection in producing wells using gas lift 失效
    使用气举在生产井中的套管流体流量检测后面

    公开(公告)号:US4057720A

    公开(公告)日:1977-11-08

    申请号:US628171

    申请日:1975-11-03

    摘要: Methods are provided for locating and measuring the linear flow velocity and volume flow rate of undesired water production behind casing in a producing well operating on gas lift while the well remains in a producing configuration. A well logging tool sized and adapted for passing through production tubing is lowered through the tubing string into the producing zone. The tool contains a source of 14 MEV neutrons and two longitudinally spaced gamma ray detectors. The detector may be placed alternately above or below the neutron source on the tool while maintaining the same source to detector spacing. With the well on production under gas lift the earth formations behind the casing are irradiated with 14 MEV neutrons, either continuously or in bursts, to activate elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of the undesired water flow. The decay of unstable isotope nitrogen 16 produced thereby is detected by the detection of its characteristic gamma rays at the dual spaced detectors. These measurements may then be interpreted in terms of the linear flow rate and volume flow rate of the undesired water flow.

    摘要翻译: 提供了用于定位和测量在气井保持在生产结构中的在气举中生产井中的不期望的水分产生线性流速和体积流量的方法。 测井工具尺寸适合通过生产管道,通过管柱降低到生产区域。 该工具包含14个MEV中子和两个纵向间隔的伽马射线探测器的源。 检测器可以交替地放置在工具上方或下方的中子源上,同时保持与检测器间隔相同的源。 随着在气举下的生产井,套管后面的地层以连续或爆裂的14个MEV中子照射,以激活包含不需要的水流的分子结构的元素氧核。 由此产生的不稳定同位素氮16的衰变通过在双间隔检测器处检测其特征的γ射线来检测。 然后可以根据不需要的水流的线性流速和体积流量来解释这些测量。