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公开(公告)号：US4436996A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-13
申请号：US265736
申请日：1981-05-21
CPC分类号： G01V5/06
摘要： A method of logging earth formations to ascertain relative elemental abundancies of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (T) is disclosed. A natural gamma ray spectrum of an unknown borehole is compared with individual standard gamma ray spectra of potassium, uranium and thorium in at least four energy ranges or bands. Decay peaks of the three elements are encompassed by three of the energy bands and at least one other energy band is used to monitor the changes in shape of the unknown spectrum caused by borehole conditions differing from that of the standard or calibration boreholes. A function derived from the gamma ray count rates in the four bands is used to compensate the elemental abundancies of the three elements to be detected in the unknown spectrum for the effects of differing borehole conditions in the unknown borehole from the standard borehole conditions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种记录地层以确定钾（K），铀（U）和钍（T）的相对丰度的方法。 将未知钻孔的天然伽马射线谱与至少四个能量范围或频带中的钾，铀和钍的单个标准伽马射线光谱进行比较。 三个元素的衰减峰由三个能带包围，并且至少一个其他能带用于监测由不同于标准或校准钻孔的井眼条件引起的未知光谱的形状变化。 来自四个波段的伽马射线计数率的函数用于补偿未知光谱中待检测的三个元素的元素丰度，以了解来自标准钻孔条件的未知钻孔中不同钻孔条件的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US4493998A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US364837
申请日：1982-04-02
CPC分类号： G01V5/04
摘要： In the preferred and illustrated embodiment taught herein, method steps for monitoring of raw materials to be used in drilling mud are disclosed. The materials are monitored for radioactivity. Procedures for taking such measurements are disclosed, and the extent of gamma radioactivity in the raw materials used in drilling mud is determined. This is correlated to the increased radiation attributable to mud made from these materials and the effect the mud would have on gamma ray measuring logs. An alternate procedure for testing drilling mud, typically at the well site, is also disclosed. The method detects mud radioactivity from any additives including barite, potassium chloride, well cuttings or others. Excessive background levels due to mud gamma radioactivity in a well may very well mask the data obtained by various logging procedures dependent on gamma radiation. Procedures are also described for either rejecting mud which is too radioactive or correcting the log measurements for mud effects.
摘要翻译： 在本文教导的优选和示出的实施例中，公开了用于监测用于钻井泥浆中的原料的方法步骤。 监测材料的放射性。 公开了进行这种测量的程序，确定了钻井泥浆中使用的原料中的γ放射性的程度。 这与由这些材料制成的泥浆的增加的辐射以及泥浆对伽马射线测量测井的影响相关。 还公开了通常在井场测试钻井泥浆的替代方法。 该方法从任何添加剂检测泥浆放射性，包括重晶石，氯化钾，扦插等。 由于井中的泥浆伽马放射性，过多的背景水平可能非常好地掩盖了取决于伽马辐射的各种测井程序获得的数据。 还描述了排除过度放射性污泥或校正泥浆影响的对数测量的泥浆的程序。
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公开(公告)号：US4002904A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US534987
申请日：1974-12-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/108
摘要： A system for logging earth formations traversed by a borehole wherein a high energy pulsed neutron source (14 MeV) repetitively irradiates earth formations. Two time gates operated after each neutron pulse are provided for detecting count rates from which the decay time and the macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. can be determined. Background gate means are also provided to eliminate the effects of background and detector radiation. In the detection system, output pulses whose voltage level is proportional to the energy detected are produced. A cut-off voltage level is set at approximately 0.8 MeV, which is above the energy of gamma rays produced following neutron capture by the element Boron and below the energy of most gamma rays produced following capture by all other significant formation elements. By comparison of the count rates (obtained by summing these voltage pulses) in a Boron containing formation with macroscopic capture cross-section .SIGMA. to the count rate in an unborated formation having the same .SIGMA. value, the concentration of boron can be determined and plotted as a function of depth.
摘要翻译： 用于记录由钻孔穿过的地层的系统，其中高能脉冲中子源（14MeV）重复地照射地层。 在提供每个中子脉冲之后操作的两个时间门用于检测可以确定衰减时间和宏观捕获截面SIGMA的计数速率。 还提供背景门装置以消除背景和检测器辐射的影响。 在检测系统中，产生其电压电平与检测到的能量成比例的输出脉冲。 截止电压电平设定为约0.8MeV，高于元素硼中子俘获后产生的伽马射线的能量，并低于所有其他显着形成元素捕获后产生的大多数γ射线的能量。 通过将具有宏观捕获截面SIGMA的含硼地层中的计数率（通过将这些电压脉冲求和获得）与具有相同SIGMA值的未硼化地层中的计数速率进行比较，可以确定硼的浓度并绘制为 深度的功能。
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4.发明授权Behind casing water volume flow rate measurement using gamma ray spectral degradation 失效使用伽马射线光谱降解进行水箱体积流量测量
公开(公告)号：US4032778A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-28
申请号：US628169
申请日：1975-11-03
CPC分类号： G01F1/7042 , E21B47/1015 , G01F1/64 , G01V5/101
摘要： Measurement of the distance from a gamma ray detector to a gamma ray source for locating of a channel of undesired behind casing water flow in a producing well is provided. A relationship is given for the count rate ratio at a detector in two distinct energy regions of the gamma ray spectrum as a function of the distance from the gamma ray source. When counts of characteristic gamma rays due to the decay of radioactive nitrogen 16 produced by the activation of elemental oxygen nuclei comprising the molecular structure of undesired water flow are made then the distance R to such flow may be determined by means of the above relationship. This may then be interpreted in terms of the volume flow rate V of the undesired water flow.
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公开(公告)号：US4409481A
公开(公告)日：1983-10-11
申请号：US383680
申请日：1982-06-01
IPC分类号： G01N23/222 , G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/102 , G01N23/222 , G01N2223/074 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/1063 , G01N2223/1066 , G01N2223/204 , G01N2223/616
摘要： A method is disclosed for simultaneous determination of borehole and formation thermal neutron decay time components. The methods employ pulsed high energy neutron sources and time gated dual spaced detectors. Exponential decay curves are assumed for each of the components and iterative least squares fitting employing rapid convergence techniques are utilized.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于同时测定钻孔和地层热中子衰变时间分量的方法。 该方法采用脉冲高能中子源和时间门控双间隔探测器。 假定每个分量的指数衰减曲线和使用快速收敛技术的迭代最小二乘拟合。
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6.发明授权Earth formation pulsed neutron porosity logging system utilizing epithermal neutron and inelastic scattering gamma ray detectors 失效利用超热中子和非弹性散射γ射线探测器的地球脉冲中子孔隙度测井系统
公开(公告)号：US4122339A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US789057
申请日：1977-04-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/105
摘要： An improved pulsed neutron porosity logging system is provided in the present invention. A logging tool provided with a 14 MEV pulsed neutron source, an epithermal neutron detector and an inelastic scattering gamma ray detector is moved through a borehole. The detection of inelastic gamma rays provides a measure of the fast neutron population in the vicinity of the detector. Repetitive bursts of neutrons irradiate the earth formation and, during the bursts, inelastic gamma rays representative of the fast neutron population is sampled. During the interval between bursts the epithermal neutron population is sampled along with background gamma radiation due to lingering thermal neutrons. The fast and epithermal neutron population measurements are combined to provide a measurement of formation porosity.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种改进的脉冲中子孔隙测井系统。 设有14 MEV脉冲中子源，超热中子探测器和非弹性散射伽马射线探测器的测井工具通过钻孔移动。 非弹性γ射线的检测提供了检测器附近的快中子群的量度。 中子的重复爆发照射地球，并且在爆发期间，对代表快中子群体的非弹性γ射线进行采样。 在爆发间隔期间，由于滞留的热中子，超热中子群与背景伽马辐射一起被采样。 将快速和超热中子群体测量结合起来以提供地层孔隙度的测量。
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7.发明授权Nuclear well logging with neutron source and separate spaced radiation detectors to determine silicon/oxygen ratio 失效用中子源和分开的间隔辐射探测器进行核测井，以确定硅/氧比
公开(公告)号：US4380701A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-19
申请号：US192967
申请日：1980-10-02
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Earth formations surrounding a well borehole are bombarded with high energy neutrons which react with chemical elements in the formation components, giving rise to gamma radiation. The gamma radiation is detected by two separate, spaced detectors from which well logs are obtained indicating a ratio of the relative presence of silicon to oxygen in the formations.
摘要翻译： 围绕井眼的地层被高能中子轰击，其与地层成分中的化学元素反应，产生γ辐射。 伽马辐射由两个分开的间隔检测器检测，从中获得的测井指示了地层中硅与氧的相对存在的比率。
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公开(公告)号：US4122340A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-24
申请号：US789059
申请日：1977-04-20
CPC分类号： G01V5/105
摘要： An improved pulsed neutron porosity logging system is provided in the present invention. A logging tool provided with a 14 MEV pulsed neutron source, an epithermal neutron detector, and a fast neutron detector is moved through a borehole. Repetitive bursts of neutrons irradiate the earth formations and, during the bursts, the fast neutron population is sampled. During the interval between bursts the epithermal neutron population is sampled along with background gamma radiation due to lingering thermal neutrons. The fast and epithermal neutron population measurements are combined to provide a measurement of formation porosity.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种改进的脉冲中子孔隙测井系统。 设有14 MEV脉冲中子源，超热中子检测器和快中子检测器的测井工具通过钻孔移动。 重复爆发的中子照射到地层，并在爆发期间对快中子群进行采样。 在爆发间隔期间，由于滞留的热中子，超热中子群与背景伽马辐射一起被采样。 将快速和超热中子群体测量结合起来以提供地层孔隙度的测量。
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9.发明授权Pulsed neutron logging system for inelastic scattering gamma rays with gain compensation 失效用于具有增益补偿的非弹性散射γ射线的脉冲中子测井系统
公开(公告)号：US3939343A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-17
申请号：US447593
申请日：1974-03-04
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： An illustrative embodiment of the invention includes methods for linearizing the gain of borehole gamma ray energy measurement apparatus. A known energy peak (or peaks) which is prominent in the gamma ray energy spectra of borehole measurements is monitored and any drift in its apparent location in the energy spectrum is used to generate an error voltage. The error voltage is applied in an inverse feedback manner to control the gain of system amplifiers to cancel the drift.
摘要翻译： 本发明的说明性实施例包括用于线性化井眼γ射线能量测量装置的增益的方法。 监测在井眼测量的伽马射线能谱中突出的已知能量峰（或峰），并且使用能谱中其表观位置的任何漂移来产生误差电压。 以反向反馈方式施加误差电压，以控制系统放大器的增益来消除漂移。
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10.发明授权Borehole compensation method and apparatus using variations in relative borehole components 失效井眼补偿方法和使用相对井眼部件变化的装置
公开(公告)号：US4691102A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-01
申请号：US745723
申请日：1985-06-17
CPC分类号： G01V5/125
摘要： Compensation of photoelectric absorption measurements for borehole effects during nuclear logging of downhole earth formations is accomplished by detecting low energy gamma radiations entering two detectors in the logging tool along paths having substantially constant formation components but varying borehole components.
摘要翻译： 通过检测在测井工具中沿着具有基本上恒定的地层构件但具有变化的钻孔构件的路径进入两个检测器的低能伽马辐射来实现对井下地层地层岩心效应的光电吸收测量的补偿。
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