公开(公告)号：US20050127908A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

申请号：US10963482

申请日：2004-10-12

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

公开(公告)号：US20050007106A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10853009

申请日：2004-05-24

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US20070114993A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-24

申请号：US11292146

申请日：2005-11-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料特性的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US20070227255A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-04

申请号：US11698296

申请日：2007-01-25

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01L1/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

公开(公告)号：US20050083032A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10937105

申请日：2004-09-08

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Christopher Craven ,  Christopher Root ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Volker Weiss

IPC分类号： G01N27/00 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/24 ,  G01N27/904 ,  G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/9053

摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

摘要翻译： 通过修改组分材料以包括自我监测材料或通过加工测试材料以改变表面性质，可以增强损伤前体，损坏和使用状态或事件发生的可观察性。 使用电磁传感器监测自我监测材料的特性，例如磁导率或电导率，并且与原始组件材料相比，可提供比组件条件更大的性能变化。 处理包括喷丸硬化或激光焊接。

公开(公告)号：US20050088172A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-28

申请号：US10934103

申请日：2004-09-03

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Quasistatic sensor responses may be converted into multiple model parameters to characterize hidden properties of a material. Methods of conversion use databases of responses and, in some cases, databases that include derivatives of the responses, to estimate at least three unknown model parameters, such as the electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and/or layer thickness. These parameter responses are then used to obtain a quantitative estimate of a property of a hidden feature, such as corrosion loss layer thicknesses, inclusion size and depth, or stress variation. The sensors can be single element sensors or sensor arrays and impose an interrogation electric, magnetic, or thermal field.

摘要翻译： 准静态传感器响应可以转换成多个模型参数来表征材料的隐藏属性。 转换方法使用响应数据库，在某些情况下，包括响应的衍生物的数据库，估计至少三个未知模型参数，如电导率，磁导率，介电常数，导热系数和/或层厚度 。 然后使用这些参数响应来获得隐藏特征的性质的定量估计，例如腐蚀损失层厚度，夹杂物尺寸和深度或应力变化。 这些传感器可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列，并且会产生询问电磁场或热场。

公开(公告)号：US20050171703A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20060186880A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-24

申请号：US11408290

申请日：2006-04-20

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9033 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/904

摘要： An automated drawing tool and a method for drawing a sensor layout. A sensor is drawn by selecting a sensor family, each sensor of the sensor family having at least one drive element to impose a magnetic field in a test material when driven by an electric signal, and at least one sense element for sensing a response of the test material. A set of layout rules are associated with the sensor family and are used in determining a sensor-layout. The automated drawing tool processes input information and the layout rules, for the sensor family, to automatically draw the sensor.

摘要翻译： 自动绘图工具和绘制传感器布局的方法。 通过选择传感器系列来绘制传感器，传感器系列的每个传感器具有至少一个驱动元件，以在由电信号驱动时在测试材料中施加磁场，以及至少一个感测元件，用于感测 测试材料。 一组布局规则与传感器系列相关联，并用于确定传感器布局。 自动绘图工具处理输入信息和传感器系列的布局规则，自动绘制传感器。

公开(公告)号：US20060076952A9

公开(公告)日：2006-04-13

申请号：US11056334

申请日：2005-02-11

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/904

摘要： Apparatus and methods are described for assessing material condition through magnetic field measurements that provide material property information at multiple depths into the material. The measurements are obtained from sense elements located at different distances from an excitation drive winding, with the area of each sense element adjusted so that the flux of magnetic field through each sense element is approximately the same when over a reference material. These sense element responses can be combined, for example by subtraction, to enhance sensitivity to hidden features, such as cracks beneath fastener heads, while reducing the influence from variable effects, such as fastener material type and placement. Measurement responses can also be converted into effective material properties, using a model that accounts for known properties of the sensor and test material, which are then correlated with the size of the surface breaking or hidden features.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于通过磁场测量来评估材料状况的装置和方法，其在材料的多个深度处提供材料属性信息。 测量是从位于与激励驱动绕组不同距离的感测元件获得的，每个感测元件的面积被调节，使得当超过参考材料时，通过每个感测元件的磁场通量大致相同。 这些感应元件响应可以例如通过减法来组合，以增强对诸如紧固件头部下方的裂纹的隐藏特征的敏感性，同时减少诸如紧固件材料类型和放置的可变效应的影响。 也可以使用考虑传感器和测试材料的已知特性的模型将测量响应转换为有效的材料性质，然后将其与表面破裂或隐藏特征的大小相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20050248339A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-10

申请号：US11056334

申请日：2005-02-11

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90

CPC分类号： G01N27/904

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。 这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。 每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。 某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。 这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。 在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。 当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。 当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。