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    Magnetic field characterization of stresses and properties in materials
    1.
    发明申请
    Magnetic field characterization of stresses and properties in materials 审中-公开
    材料应力和性能的磁场表征

    公开(公告)号：US20070114993A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-05-24

    申请号：US11292146

    申请日：2005-11-30

    申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    IPC分类号： G01R33/12

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

    摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料特性的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

    Absolute property measurements using electromagnetic sensors
    2.
    发明申请
    Absolute property measurements using electromagnetic sensors 有权
    使用电磁传感器的绝对属性测量

    公开(公告)号：US20050127908A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

    申请号：US10963482

    申请日：2004-10-12

    申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

    发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

    IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/82

    CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

    摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

    摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

    Hybrid wound/etched winding constructs for scanning and monitoring
    3.
    发明申请
    Hybrid wound/etched winding constructs for scanning and monitoring 审中-公开
    用于扫描和监测的混合伤口/蚀刻绕组结构

    公开(公告)号：US20050007106A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

    申请号：US10853009

    申请日：2004-05-24

    申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

    IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

    摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

    摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

    Material condition monitoring with multiple sensing modes
    4.
    发明申请
    Material condition monitoring with multiple sensing modes 有权
    物料状态监测与多种感应模式

    公开(公告)号：US20050171703A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

    申请号：US11036780

    申请日：2005-01-14

    申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

    发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

    IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G06F19/00

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

    摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

    摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

    Hidden feature characterization using eddy current sensors and arrays
    6.
    发明申请
    Hidden feature characterization using eddy current sensors and arrays 有权
    使用涡流传感器和阵列的隐藏特征表征

    公开(公告)号：US20050088172A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-04-28

    申请号：US10934103

    申请日：2004-09-03

    申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Andrew Washabaugh

    发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  David Grundy ,  Ian Shay ,  Robert Lyons ,  Andrew Washabaugh

    IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

    摘要： Quasistatic sensor responses may be converted into multiple model parameters to characterize hidden properties of a material. Methods of conversion use databases of responses and, in some cases, databases that include derivatives of the responses, to estimate at least three unknown model parameters, such as the electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and/or layer thickness. These parameter responses are then used to obtain a quantitative estimate of a property of a hidden feature, such as corrosion loss layer thicknesses, inclusion size and depth, or stress variation. The sensors can be single element sensors or sensor arrays and impose an interrogation electric, magnetic, or thermal field.

    摘要翻译： 准静态传感器响应可以转换成多个模型参数来表征材料的隐藏属性。 转换方法使用响应数据库，在某些情况下，包括响应的衍生物的数据库，估计至少三个未知模型参数，如电导率，磁导率，介电常数，导热系数和/或层厚度 。 然后使用这些参数响应来获得隐藏特征的性质的定量估计，例如腐蚀损失层厚度，夹杂物尺寸和深度或应力变化。 这些传感器可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列，并且会产生询问电磁场或热场。

    Material condition assessment with eddy current sensors
    8.
    发明申请
    Material condition assessment with eddy current sensors 审中-公开
    用涡流传感器进行材料状态评估

    公开(公告)号：US20060244443A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

    申请号：US11343741

    申请日：2006-01-30

    申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

    发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

    IPC分类号： G01N27/72

    CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

    摘要： Eddy current sensors and sensor arrays are used for process quality and material condition assessment of conducting materials. In an embodiment, changes in spatially registered high resolution images taken before and after cold work processing reflect the quality of the process, such as intensity and coverage. These images also permit the suppression or removal of local outlier variations. Anisotropy in a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, can be intentionally introduced and used to assess material condition resulting from an operation, such as a cold work or heat treatment. The anisotropy is determined by sensors that provide directional property measurements. The sensor directionality arises from constructs that use a linear conducting drive segment to impose the magnetic field in a test material. Maintaining the orientation of this drive segment, and associated sense elements, relative to a material edge provides enhanced sensitivity for crack detection at edges.

    摘要翻译： 涡流传感器和传感器阵列用于导电材料的工艺质量和材料状况评估。 在一个实施例中，在冷加工处理之前和之后拍摄的空间注册的高分辨率图像的变化反映了过程的质量，例如强度和覆盖。 这些图像还允许抑制或去除局部异常值变化。 可以有意地引入材料性质的各向异性，例如磁导率或电导率，以用于评估由诸如冷加工或热处理的操作引起的材料状况。 各向异性由提供定向性质测量的传感器确定。 传感器方向性来自使用线性传导驱动段将磁场施加在测试材料中的结构。 维持该驱动段和相关感测元件相对于材料边缘的方向为边缘处的裂纹检测提供了增强的灵敏度。

    Fluid supports for sensors
    9.
    发明申请
    Fluid supports for sensors 审中-公开
    用于传感器的流体支架

    公开(公告)号：US20050083050A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

    申请号：US10935037

    申请日：2004-09-07

    申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

    发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

    IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01M17/02

    CPC分类号： G01N27/82

    摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.

    摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。