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    Three-dimensional spiral echo volume imaging
    1.
    发明授权
    Three-dimensional spiral echo volume imaging 失效
    三维螺旋回波体积成像

    公开(公告)号：US5532595A

    公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

    申请号：US228661

    申请日：1994-04-18

    申请人： David A. Lampman ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： David A. Lampman ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01R33/561 ,  G01R33/44

    CPC分类号： G01R33/446 ,  G01R33/4824 ,  G01R33/561

    摘要： Magnetic resonance imaging data of a volume of interest is collected by applying a radio frequency pulse (70, 96) and following the pulse with gradients applied along three axes (x,y,z). The gradients along x and y-axes are generally sinusoidal, which sinusoids increase and decrease in magnitude to define beat patterns of a common period. The period of the first and second gradients is an integer multiple of the gradient along the z-axis. In the embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the beats of the first and second gradients increase linearly and the third gradient oscillates in a linearly expanding generally sinusoidal pattern such that k-space is traversed by a trajectory that spirals around a series of spheres (50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60) of progressively smaller radius. Blips or spikes (78) are preferably applied between each half cycle of the third gradient to step the trajectory to the radius of the next concentric sphere. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3A and 3B, the magnitude of the beats of the first and second gradients remain substantially constant and the gradient pulses along the third axis are applied generally between and at the mid-point of each beat such that the trajectory through k-space follows a series of parallel spirals lying along a cylinder. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4-4D, the beat patterns again increase linearly and the third gradient alternates polarity with each half beat such that the trajectory through k-space spirals around a series of concentric cones.

    摘要翻译： 通过施加射频脉冲（70,96）并沿着沿着三个轴（x，y，z）施加的梯度跟随脉冲来收集感兴趣体积的磁共振成像数据。 沿x轴和y轴的梯度通常是正弦曲线，其正弦曲线的幅度增加和减小以定义公共周期的拍子图案。 第一和第二梯度的周期是沿着z轴的梯度的整数倍。 在图1和图2的实施例中 如图2A和2B所示，第一和第二梯度的节拍线性增加，第三梯度以线性扩大的大致正弦图案振荡，使得k空间被围绕一系列球体（50,52,54， 56，58，60）。 优选地，在第三梯度的每个半周期之间施加一个或多个突起（78），以将轨迹移动到下一个同心球的半径。 在图1和图2的实施例中 如图3A和3B所示，第一和第二梯度的节拍幅度保持基本恒定，并且沿着第三轴的梯度脉冲通常施加在每个节拍的中点之间并且在每个节拍的中点处，使得通过k空间的轨迹遵循一系列 沿着圆柱体平行的螺旋线。 在图1和图2的实施例中 如图4-4D所示，节拍图案再次线性地增加，并且第三梯度与每个半节拍交替极性，使得通过k空间的轨迹围绕一系列同心锥螺旋。

    Polymer and method for using the polymer for solubilizing nanotubes
    4.
    发明授权
    Polymer and method for using the polymer for solubilizing nanotubes 有权
    聚合物和使用聚合物溶解纳米管的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07544415B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-06-09

    申请号：US11775633

    申请日：2007-07-10

    申请人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： B32B9/04

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/174 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/122 ,  C08G61/124 ,  C08G61/126 ,  Y10T428/2918 ,  Y10T428/2975 ,  Y10T428/30

    摘要： A new, non-wrapping approach to solubilize nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes, in organic and inorganic solvents is provided. In accordance with certain embodiments, carbon nanotube surfaces are functionalized in a non-wrapping fashion by functional conjugated polymers that include functional groups for solubilizing such nanotubes. Various embodiments provide polymers that noncovalently bond with carbon nanotubes in a non-wrapping fashion. For example, various embodiments of polymers are provided that comprise a relatively rigid backbone that is suitable for noncovalently bonding with a carbon nanotube substantially along the nanotube's length, as opposed to about its diameter. In preferred polymers, the major interaction between the polymer backbone and the nanotube surface is parallel π-stacking. The polymers further comprise at least one functional extension from the backbone that are any of various desired functional groups that are suitable for solubilizing a carbon nanotube.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种在有机和无机溶剂中溶解纳米管（例如碳纳米管）的新的非包裹方法。 根据某些实施方案，碳纳米管表面通过包括用于溶解这种纳米管的官能团的官能共轭聚合物以非包裹形式进行官能化。 各种实施方案提供以非包装方式非共价结合碳纳米管的聚合物。 例如，提供聚合物的各种实施方案，其包含相对于其直径相反的适于与碳纳米管基本上沿着纳米管长度非共价键合的相对刚性的主链。 在优选的聚合物中，聚合物主链和纳米管表面之间的主要相互作用是平行的π-堆叠。 聚合物还包含至少一个来自主链的功能性延伸，其为适于溶解碳纳米管的各种所需官能团中的任何一种。

    POLYMER AND METHOD FOR USING THE POLYMER FOR SOLUBILIZING NANOTUBES
    6.
    发明申请
    POLYMER AND METHOD FOR USING THE POLYMER FOR SOLUBILIZING NANOTUBES 有权
    聚合物和使用聚合物溶解纳米颗粒的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20080194737A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-08-14

    申请号：US11775633

    申请日：2007-07-10

    申请人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： C08L1/00

    CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/174 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/122 ,  C08G61/124 ,  C08G61/126 ,  Y10T428/2918 ,  Y10T428/2975 ,  Y10T428/30

    摘要： A new, non-wrapping approach to solubilize nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes, in organic and inorganic solvents is provided. In accordance with certain embodiments, carbon nanotube surfaces are functionalized in a non-wrapping fashion by functional conjugated polymers that include functional groups for solubilizing such nanotubes. Various embodiments provide polymers that noncovalently bond with carbon nanotubes in a non-wrapping fashion. For example, various embodiments of polymers are provided that comprise a relatively rigid backbone that is suitable for noncovalently bonding with a carbon nanotube substantially along the nanotube's length, as opposed to about its diameter. In preferred polymers, the major interaction between the polymer backbone and the nanotube surface is parallel π-stacking. The polymers further comprise at least one functional extension from the backbone that are any of various desired functional groups that are suitable for solubilizing a carbon nanotube.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种在有机和无机溶剂中溶解纳米管（例如碳纳米管）的新的非包裹方法。 根据某些实施方案，碳纳米管表面通过包括用于溶解这种纳米管的官能团的官能共轭聚合物以非包裹形式进行官能化。 各种实施方案提供以非包装方式非共价结合碳纳米管的聚合物。 例如，提供聚合物的各种实施方案，其包含相对于其直径相反的适于与碳纳米管基本上沿着纳米管长度非共价键合的相对刚性的主链。 在优选的聚合物中，聚合物主链和纳米管表面之间的主要相互作用是平行的π-堆叠。 聚合物还包含至少一个来自主链的功能性延伸，其为适于溶解碳纳米管的各种所需官能团中的任何一种。

    Polymer and method for using the polymer for noncovalently functionalizing nanotubes
    8.
    发明授权
    Polymer and method for using the polymer for noncovalently functionalizing nanotubes 有权
    聚合物和使用聚合物非共价官能化纳米管的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07241496B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-07-10

    申请号：US10894738

    申请日：2004-07-20

    申请人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： Jian Chen ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： B32B9/00

    CPC分类号： D01F11/14 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/174 ,  C01B2202/02 ,  C01B2202/28 ,  C08G61/02 ,  C08G61/122 ,  C08G61/124 ,  C08G61/126 ,  Y10S977/737 ,  Y10S977/847 ,  Y10T428/2918 ,  Y10T428/2975 ,  Y10T428/30

    摘要： A new, non-wrapping approach to functionalizing nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes, in organic and inorganic solvents is provided. In accordance with certain embodiments, carbon nanotube surfaces are functionalized in a non-wrapping fashion by functional conjugated polymers that include functional groups. Various embodiments provide polymers that noncovalently bond with carbon nanotubes in a non-wrapping fashion. For example, various embodiments of polymers are provided that comprise a relatively rigid backbone that is suitable for noncovalently bonding with a carbon nanotube substantially along the nanotube's length, as opposed to about its diameter. In preferred polymers, the major interaction between the polymer backbone and the nanotube surface is parallel π-stacking. In certain implementations, the polymers further comprise at least one functional extension from the backbone that are any of various desired functional groups for functionalizing a carbon nanotube.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种在有机和无机溶剂中对纳米管（如碳纳米管）进行功能化的新的非包装方法。 根据某些实施方案，碳纳米管表面通过包括官能团的官能共轭聚合物以非包裹的方式被官能化。 各种实施方案提供以非包装方式非共价结合碳纳米管的聚合物。 例如，提供聚合物的各种实施方案，其包含相对于其直径相反的适于与碳纳米管基本上沿着纳米管长度非共价键合的相对刚性的主链。 在优选的聚合物中，聚合物主链和纳米管表面之间的主要相互作用是平行的π-堆叠。 在某些实施方案中，聚合物还包含至少一个来自主链的功能性延伸，其为用于官能化碳纳米管的各种所需官能团中的任何一种。

    Multiple quadrature volume coils for magnetic resonance imaging
    9.
    发明授权
    Multiple quadrature volume coils for magnetic resonance imaging 失效
    用于磁共振成像的多个正交体积线圈

    公开(公告)号：US5543711A

    公开(公告)日：1996-08-06

    申请号：US343635

    申请日：1994-11-22

    申请人： Ravi Srinivasan ,  Robert A. Elek ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： Ravi Srinivasan ,  Robert A. Elek ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： G01R33/34 ,  G01V3/00

    CPC分类号： G01R33/34046

    摘要： A birdcage coil (42) and a quadrature coil pair which are disposed in a partially overlapping but electrically isolated relationship within a static magnetic field generated by a main field magnet (10). The birdcage coil preferably has twelve legs, has eight-fold symmetry, and is tuned to have two linear modes aligned with first and second orthogonal axes. The quadrature coil includes a first or upper coil portion (90) having an even-number of legs and a mode aligned with a third axis. A second or bottom quadrature coil (92) has an odd-number of legs and has a mode which is aligned with a fourth axis, preferably orthogonal to the third axis. Received resonance signals of the two modes of the birdcage coil are combined (66) and digitized (64); resonance signals received in the first and second modes of the quadrature coil pair are combined (66) and digitized (64). The digitized magnetic resonance signals are reconstructed (72) into an image representation, selective portions of which are displayed on a video monitor (52). Biasing voltages (106) are selectively applied to the birdcage and quadrature coils in order to deactivate one of the coils such that only the other coil receives resonance signals.

    摘要翻译： 在由主磁场磁体（10）产生的静态磁场内以部分重叠但电隔离的关系设置的鸟笼线圈（42）和正交线圈对。 鸟笼线圈优选地具有十二个腿部，具有八对称性，并被调谐为具有与第一和第二正交轴对准的两个线性模式。 正交线圈包括具有偶数个腿的第一或上部线圈部分（90）和与第三轴对齐的模式。 第二或下部正交线圈（92）具有奇数个腿部，并且具有与第四轴线对准的模式，优选地与第三轴线正交。 鸟笼线圈的两种模式的接收共振信号被组合（66）并数字化（64）; 在正交线圈对的第一和第二模式中接收的谐振信号被组合（66）并数字化（64）。 将数字化的磁共振信号重建（72）成图像表示，其选择性部分显示在视频监视器（52）上。 偏置电压（106）被选择性地施加到鸟笼和正交线圈，以便去激活线圈中的一个，使得只有另一个线圈接收到谐振信号。

    Digital combination and correction of quadrature magnetic resonance receiver coils
    10.
    发明授权
    Digital combination and correction of quadrature magnetic resonance receiver coils 失效
    正交磁共振接收线圈的数字组合和校正

    公开(公告)号：US5510711A

    公开(公告)日：1996-04-23

    申请号：US286758

    申请日：1994-08-05

    申请人： David A. Molyneaux ,  Haiying Liu

    发明人： David A. Molyneaux ,  Haiying Liu

    IPC分类号： G01R33/32 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/34 ,  G01R33/565 ,  G01R33/48

    CPC分类号： G01R33/3678 ,  G01R33/5659

    摘要： Magnetic resonance is excited in selected portions of a subject disposed within a temporally uniform magnetic field of a magnetic resonance imaging system. A quadrature coil assembly (30) receives radio frequency magnetic resonance signals from the subject. Commonly, the quadrature coil fails to receive signals in true quadrature over the entire examination region. Resonance signals from a first coil (32) and a second, orthogonal coil (34) are received (40, 42), digitized (44, 46), and Fourier transformed (50, 52) into complex images. Each complex image includes an array or grid of vector data values having a magnitude and a direction or phase angle. If the quadrature coil was truly quadrature over the entire region of interest, the data values of both complex images would be a unit vectors. The vector of one image would be offset by 90.degree. from the vectors of the other. A phase correction board (54) sets the phase angle of the corresponding data values of the first and second complex images to a common vector direction or phase angle. A magnitude correction board (56) adjusts the magnitude of each corresponding data value of the first and second complex images. The phase angle and magnitude corrected complex data images are summed (58) and the real or magnitude image is stored in an image memory (62).

    摘要翻译： 在设置在磁共振成像系统的时间均匀磁场内的被摄体的选定部分激发磁共振。 正交线圈组件（30）从主体接收射频磁共振信号。 通常，正交线圈不能在整个检查区域接收真正正交信号。 来自第一线圈（32）和第二正交线圈（34）的共振信号被接收（40,42），数字化（44,46）和傅里叶变换（50,52）成复数图像。 每个复合图像包括具有幅度和方向或相位角的矢量数据值的阵列或网格。 如果正交线圈在感兴趣的整个区域上是真正的正交的，则两个复数图像的数据值将是单位向量。 一个图像的向量将从另一个图像的向量偏移90°。 相位校正板（54）将第一和第二复合图像的相应数据值的相位角设置为公共矢量方向或相位角。 幅度校正板（56）调整第一和第二复合图像的每个相应数据值的大小。 将相位角和幅度校正的复数数据图像求和（58），并将实际或幅度图像存储在图像存储器（62）中。