公开(公告)号：US5340655A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

申请号：US819308

申请日：1992-01-09

申请人： David K. Creber ,  William B. Johnson ,  Marc S. Newkirk

发明人： David K. Creber ,  William B. Johnson ,  Marc S. Newkirk

IPC分类号： C04B35/65 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C04B35/80 ,  B32B9/04

CPC分类号： C04B35/652 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C04B35/80 ,  Y10T428/12007

摘要： In the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a self-supporting ceramic or ceramic composite body by the oxidation of a parent metal to form a polycrystalline ceramic material comprising the oxidation reaction product of said parent metal with an oxidant, including a vapor-phase oxidant, and optionally one or more metallic constituents dispersed throughout the polycrystalline ceramic material. The method comprises the steps of providing at least a portion of said parent metal with a barrier means at least partially spaced from said parent metal for establishing at least one surface of the ceramic body, and heating said parent metal to a temperature above its melting point but below the melting point of the oxidation reaction product to form a body of molten metal. At that temperature, the molten metal is reacted with the oxidant, thus forming the oxidation reaction product. At least a portion of the oxidation reaction product is maintained in contact with and between the molten metal and oxidant to transport the molten metal through the oxidation reaction product toward the barrier means and into contact with the oxidant so that fresh oxidation reaction product continues to form at an interface between the oxidant and previously formed oxidation reaction product. The reaction is continued until the oxidation reaction product contacts the barrier means to produce a ceramic body having the surface established by the barrier means. A shaped ceramic composite is formed by superimposing a barrier means onto either a loose mass of filler material or a self-supporting preform, and infiltrating the mass of filler or preform with the polycrystalline ceramic matrix, which grows until it contacts the barrier means.

摘要翻译： 在本发明中，提供了一种通过母体金属的氧化制造自支撑陶瓷或陶瓷复合体的方法，以形成多晶陶瓷材料，该多晶陶瓷材料包括所述母体金属的氧化反应产物与氧化剂，包括蒸汽 相氧化剂和任选的一种或多种分散在整个多晶陶瓷材料中的金属成分。 该方法包括以下步骤：使所述母体金属的至少一部分具有与所述母体金属至少部分间隔开的阻挡装置，用于建立陶瓷体的至少一个表面，并将所述母体金属加热到高于其熔点的温度 但低于氧化反应产物的熔点以形成熔融金属体。 在该温度下，熔融金属与氧化剂反应，形成氧化反应产物。 氧化反应产物的至少一部分保持与熔融金属和氧化剂接触并且在熔融金属和氧化剂之间输送熔融金属通过氧化反应产物朝向阻挡装置并与氧化剂接触，使得新鲜的氧化反应产物继续形成 在氧化剂和预先形成的氧化反应产物之间的界面处。 反应继续进行，直到氧化反应产物与阻挡装置接触以产生具有通过阻挡装置建立的表面的陶瓷体。 通过将隔离装置叠加在松散的填充材料或自支撑预成型件上，并将多孔陶瓷基体浸入填料或预成型体中，形成成形的陶瓷复合材料，该多晶陶瓷基体生长直至与阻挡装置接触。

公开(公告)号：US5356720A

公开(公告)日：1994-10-18

申请号：US68567

申请日：1993-05-28

申请人： David K. Creber ,  William B. Johnson ,  Marc S. Newkirk

发明人： David K. Creber ,  William B. Johnson ,  Marc S. Newkirk

IPC分类号： C04B35/65 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C04B35/80

CPC分类号： C04B35/652 ,  C04B35/71 ,  C04B35/80 ,  Y10T428/12007

摘要： The present invention relates to self-supporting ceramics or ceramic composite bodies which include a polycrystalline ceramic material comprising the oxidation reaction product of a silicon parent metal with a nitrogenous oxidant, including a nitrogenous vapor-phase oxidant, and optionally, one or more metallic constituents dispersed throughout the polycrystalline ceramic material. A barrier means comprising, for example, at least one of titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, aluminum nitride and boron nitride or a barrier means that has undergone chemical changes or alterations may be removably attached to the self-supporting ceramics or ceramic composite bodies of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及自支撑陶瓷或陶瓷复合体，其包括多晶陶瓷材料，其包含硅母体金属与含氮氧化剂的氧化反应产物，其包含含氮气相氧化剂，以及任选的一种或多种金属组分 分散在整个多晶陶瓷材料中。 包括例如氮化钛，氮化锆，氮化铝和氮化硼中的至少一种或经历化学变化或变化的阻挡装置的阻挡装置可以可移除地附接到自支撑陶瓷或陶瓷复合体 本发明。

公开(公告)号：US06337008B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-08

申请号：US09591408

申请日：2000-06-12

申请人： Jorgen Christensen ,  David K. Creber ,  George C. Holywell

发明人： Jorgen Christensen ,  David K. Creber ,  George C. Holywell

IPC分类号： C25B100

CPC分类号： C25C7/005

摘要： An electrolysis cell for recovery of metals that are lighter than the electrolyte used in the cell. The cell makes use of multiple electrode assemblies, and each assembly is provided with an individual hood at the top forming a gas collection chamber. The hood of each assembly collects gas generated by the assembly and isolates the gas thus generated from gas generated by other assemblies and from metal collecting in the cell outside the hoods. The invention also relates to an integrated unit made up of an electrode assembly and an associated hood for use in a cell of the above kind, and a method of recovering metal by operating a cell of the above kind.

摘要翻译： 用于回收比电池中使用的电解质轻的金属的电解槽。 电池使用多个电极组件，并且每个组件在顶部设置有单独的罩，形成气体收集室。 每个组件的罩收集由组件产生的气体，并且将由此产生的气体与由其他组件产生的气体和从罩内的电池中收集的金属隔离开。 本发明还涉及由上述类型的电池中使用的电极组件和相关罩组成的集成单元，以及通过操作上述类型的电池来回收金属的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20100200420A1

公开(公告)日：2010-08-12

申请号：US12677599

申请日：2008-09-03

申请人： Adam J. Gesing ,  David K. Creber

发明人： Adam J. Gesing ,  David K. Creber

IPC分类号： C25C3/00

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  C25C3/02 ,  C25C3/04 ,  C25C3/06 ,  C25C7/005 ,  C25C7/04

摘要： The invention relates to a multi-polar reduction cell for production of a light metal by electrolysis. The cell has an anode, a cathode, and at least one current-conducting multi-polar electrode interposed between the anode and the cathode. The cell has a molten electrolyte containing a metal salt to be electrolyzed held within the cell and preferably has means to maintain an upper surface of the electrolyte at a predetermined level within the cell. The level is preferably maintained above the upper end of the multi-polar electrode(s), at least in use of the cell. The multi-polar electrode has an electrically insulating surface at its upper end that minimizes or eliminates by-pass current between the anode and cathode when the cell is operated. The invention also relates to the method of minimizing or eliminating the by-pass current.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过电解生产轻金属的多极还原电池。 电池具有阳极，阴极和置于阳极和阴极之间的至少一个导电多极电极。 该电池具有含有待电解的金属盐的熔融电解质，并且优选具有将电解液的上表面保持在电池内预定水平的装置。 该电平优选至少在电池的使用中保持在多极电极的上端上方。 多极电极在其上端具有电绝缘表面，以在电池工作时使阳极和阴极之间的旁路电流最小化或消除。 本发明还涉及使旁路电流最小化或消除的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4981632A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US168285

申请日：1988-03-15

申请人： Terry D. Claar ,  Steven D. Poste ,  Adam J. Gesing ,  Marek J. Sobczyk ,  Narasimha S. Raghavan ,  David K. Creber ,  Alan S. Nagelberg

发明人： Terry D. Claar ,  Steven D. Poste ,  Adam J. Gesing ,  Marek J. Sobczyk ,  Narasimha S. Raghavan ,  David K. Creber ,  Alan S. Nagelberg

IPC分类号： C04B35/65 ,  C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/50 ,  C04B41/87 ,  C22C1/10

CPC分类号： C22C1/1036 ,  C04B35/652 ,  C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/5025 ,  C04B41/87 ,  C22C2001/1063

摘要： A method of producing a composite comprising a self-supporting polycrystalline material obtained by oxidation reaction of a molten parent metal with a vapor-phase oxidant comprising infiltrating a filler exhibiting inter-particle pore volume with a parent metal under conditions which control the respective rates of said metal infiltration and said oxidation reaction.

摘要翻译： 一种制备复合材料的方法，该方法包括通过熔融母体金属与气相氧化剂的氧化反应获得的自支撑多晶材料，该气相氧化剂包括在控制各自的速率的条件下将母体金属渗透到表现出颗粒间孔隙体积的填料 所述金属渗透和所述氧化反应。

公开(公告)号：US06579438B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

申请号：US09720248

申请日：2001-06-12

申请人： David K. Creber ,  Jorgen Christensen ,  Meine Vandermeulen ,  Pasquale Ficara ,  George C. Holywell

发明人： David K. Creber ,  Jorgen Christensen ,  Meine Vandermeulen ,  Pasquale Ficara ,  George C. Holywell

IPC分类号： C25C308

CPC分类号： C25C3/04 ,  C25C7/005

摘要： An electrolysis cell (10) for producing a molten metal having a density less than a density of a molten electrolyte used for producing the metal in the cell. The cell includes a section (14) for the electrolysis of a salt of the the metal contained in a molten electrolyte to form droplets of the metal in molten form contained in the electroylte; electrodes (18) within the electrolysis section for effecting the electrolysis; a metal recovery section (15) for separation of the metal from the electrolyte to form a molten metal layer, having an upper suface, floating on an upper surface of the molten electrolyte; a tapping device for periodically removing molten metal from the cell; and a reservoir (25) for withdrawal and temporary holding of molten metal separated from the electrolyte in the metal recovery section. The reservoir has a means to remove liquid from the reservoir without permanently removing the liquid from the cell. The reservoir has a top, sides and bottom and has one or more openings in the top or sides of the container communicating with the metal recovery section. At least part of the opening(s) is maintained below the upper surface (71) of the metal layer during at least part of normal cell operations, and all of the opening(s) is kept above the upper surface of the electrolyte in the metal recovery section for at least part of the normal cell operation. The sides and bottom are otherwise closed to prevent metal or electrolyte from freely flowing between the metal recovery section and the reservoir. The cell containing such a reservoir may accommodate high rates of metal production without unduly increasing cell size or requiring high heating requirements.

摘要翻译： 一种用于生产密度小于用于在电池中制造金属的熔融电解质的密度的熔融金属的电解槽（10）。 电池包括用于电解包含在熔融电解质中的金属的盐的部分（14），以形成包含在电极中的熔融形式的金属液滴; 用于进行电解的电解部分内的电极（18）; 金属回收部分（15），用于将金属与电解质分离以形成熔融金属层，具有漂浮在熔融电解质的上表面上的上表面; 用于周期性地从电池中去除熔融金属的攻丝装置; 以及用于在金属回收部分中从电解质分离的熔融金属的取出和临时保持的储存器（25）。 储存器具有从储存器中移除液体而不永久地从池中去除液体的装置。 储存器具有顶部，侧面和底部，并且在容器的顶部或侧面中具有与金属回收部分连通的一个或多个开口。 在正常电池操作的至少部分期间，至少部分开口保持在金属层的上表面（71）的下方，并且所有开口都保持在电解质的上表面之上 金属回收部分用于正常电池操作的至少一部分。 侧面和底部以其他方式封闭，以防止金属或电解质在金属回收部分和储存器之间自由流动。 包含这种储存器的电池可以容纳高速率的金属生产，而不会不适当地增加电池尺寸或需要高的加热要求。