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公开(公告)号：US4508116A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-02
申请号：US454036
申请日：1982-12-28
IPC分类号： A61M16/00
CPC分类号： A61M16/0045 , Y10S128/914
摘要： A rebreather apparatus for negating temporary hearing threshold shifts due to noise exposure and other physiological conditions related to CO.sub.2 concentration. The rebreather is formed with three chambers. A mouthpiece communicates with a first chamber and this chamber has limited access to the second chamber sandwiched thereto. A third chamber is sandwiched to the second chamber and has limited communication with the second chamber. The third chamber has limited communication therefrom to the atmosphere thus providing an elongated air pathway from the atmosphere to the mouthpiece. This elongated pathway with the restrictions of the openings between chambers achieves an accumulation of carbon dioxide from a user's breath. Accordingly, air inhaled from the rebreather elevates the carbon dioxide content in the lungs of a user and thus in the blood stream of the user. This elevated carbon dioxide content has been shown to negate and/or prevent temporary hearing threshold shifts due to excessive noise exposure. In one embodiment the outer (third) chamber is collapsible during nonuse so that the rebreather may be carried in the pocket of the user and the second and third chambers have two portions symetrically positioned on opposite surfaces of the first chamber. In another embodiment at least the second and third chambers are collapsible. The device is made from inexpensive materials so that, if desired, it may be disposed of after use.
摘要翻译： 一种用于由于噪声暴露和与CO2浓度相关的其他生理条件而消除临时听觉阈值偏移的循环呼吸器。 呼吸器由三个腔室组成。 接口与第一室连通，该室具有限制的进入夹在其中的第二室。 第三室被夹在第二室中并且与第二室有连通的限制。 第三室具有有限的通信到大气，从而提供从大气到吸嘴的细长的空气通路。 这种具有室之间的开口限制的细长路径实现了用户呼吸中二氧化碳的积聚。 因此，从呼吸器吸入的空气提高了使用者的肺中的二氧化碳含量，从而提高了使用者的血流。 已经显示这种升高的二氧化碳含量否定和/或防止由于过度的噪声暴露引起的临时听觉阈值偏移。 在一个实施例中，外（第三）室在不使用期间可折叠，使得循环呼吸器可以被携带在使用者的口袋中，并且第二和第三腔室具有对称地定位在第一腔室的相对表面上的两个部分。 在另一个实施例中，至少第二和第三腔室是可折叠的。 该装置由便宜的材料制成，使得如果需要，它可以在使用后处理。
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公开(公告)号：US4628926A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-16
申请号：US676516
申请日：1984-11-29
IPC分类号： A61M16/00
CPC分类号： A61M16/0045 , Y10S128/914
摘要： A rebreather apparatus for negating temporary hearing threshold shifts due to noise exposure and other physiological conditions related to CO.sub.2 concentration. One embodiment of rebreather is formed with three chambers. A mouthpiece communicates with a first chamber and this chamber has limited access to the second chamber sandwiched thereto. A third chamber is sandwiched to the second chamber and has limited communication with the second chamber. The third chamber has limited communication therefrom to the atmosphere thus providing an elongated air pathway from the atmosphere to the mouthpiece. This elongated pathway with the restrictions of the openings between chambers achieves an accumulation of carbon dioxide from a user's breath. Accordingly, air inhaled from the rebreather elevates the carbon dioxide content in the lungs of a user and thus in the blood stream of the user. In another embodiment, the outer (third) chamber is collapsible during nonuse so that the rebreather may be carried in the pocket of the user and the second and third chambers have two portions symmetrically positioned on opposite surfaces of the first chamber. In another embodiment, at least the second and third chambers are collapsible. In a further embodiment, the rebreathing device comprises two collapsible chambers. The device is made from inexpensive materials so that, if desired, it may be disposed of after use.
摘要翻译： 一种用于由于噪声暴露和与CO2浓度相关的其他生理条件而消除临时听觉阈值偏移的循环呼吸器。 循环呼吸器的一个实施例由三个腔室形成。 接口与第一室连通，该室具有限制的进入夹在其中的第二室。 第三室被夹在第二室中并且与第二室有连通的限制。 第三室具有有限的通信到大气，从而提供从大气到吸嘴的细长的空气通路。 这种具有室之间的开口限制的细长路径实现了用户呼吸中二氧化碳的积聚。 因此，从呼吸器吸入的空气提高了使用者的肺中的二氧化碳含量，从而提高了使用者的血流。 在另一个实施例中，外部（第三）室在不使用期间是可折叠的，使得循环呼吸器可以被携带在使用者的口袋中，并且第二和第三腔室具有对称地位于第一腔室的相对表面上的两个部分。 在另一实施例中，至少第二和第三腔室是可折叠的。 在又一实施例中，再呼吸装置包括两个可折叠室。 该装置由便宜的材料制成，使得如果需要，它可以在使用后处理。
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公开(公告)号：US07157014B1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-02
申请号：US10693116
申请日：2003-10-24
IPC分类号： B29D11/00
CPC分类号： B29D11/0074 , G01T1/202
摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e. the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling scintillator bars rather than single crystals when gluing on an optical film as well as polishing the scintillator. Namely, a scintillator boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these scintillator bars can then be glued together with sheets of optical film between each bar (coating the scintillator disks and optical film with an adhesive of a selected index of refraction). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new scintillator-optical film bars are polished. Finally, a selected number, M, of these scintillator-optical film bars are glued together with sheets of optical film between each bar; thus creating a polished N×M scintillator-optical film array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual scintillator crystals or small pieces of optical film.
摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充分数的方法，即闪烁体元件之间的距离被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在光学膜上以及抛光闪烁体时处理闪烁体棒而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将闪烁体棒切割成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些闪烁棒的所选数量N与每个条之间的光学膜胶合在一起（用所选择的折射率的粘合剂涂覆闪烁体盘和光学膜）。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切割成棒，并且这些新的闪烁体 - 光学薄膜棒被抛光。 最后，将这些闪烁体 - 光学薄膜条的选定数量M与每个条之间的光学薄膜胶合在一起; 从而产生抛光的NxM闪烁体 - 光学膜阵列（其中M可以或不等于N），而不必处理单个闪烁体晶体或小片光学膜。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08578262B2
公开(公告)日：2013-11-05
申请号：US11736376
申请日：2007-04-17
CPC分类号： G06F17/212 , G06F17/5004 , G06F2217/04
摘要： An automated system for assisting the architectural process on an open-network. The system includes a data entry means for user-selected project attributes, at least one catalog database from which the user-selected attribute is identified, a filter for providing a graphical user interface with filtered data associated with a user-selected attribute, at least one user database which stores a unique identifier of the user-selected attribute, automated selection means for incorporating data associated with the user-selected attribute into at least one document, and generation means for creating an architectural document, such as a Specification, Drawing, or Schedule. The system may include at least one remote attribute information storage means from which the user-selected attribute is identified. The system of the present invention may further include means for tracking the architectural process. The system may also include searching means for querying a user database or a group of user databases. The aspect created by the generation means may include Industry Foundation Class or XML tags for industry compatibility for searching.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在开放网络上协助架构流程的自动化系统。 该系统包括用于用户选择的项目属性的数据输入装置，至少一个目标数据库，用户选择的属性从其中被识别;至少一个目的数据库，用于向图形用户界面提供与用户选择的属性相关联的过滤数据，至少 一个用户数据库，其存储用户选择的属性的唯一标识符;自动选择装置，用于将与用户选择的属性相关联的数据合并到至少一个文档中;以及生成装置，用于创建诸如规范，绘图等的建筑文档， 或附表。 系统可以包括至少一个远程属性信息存储装置，用户选择的属性从该远程属性信息存储装置被识别。 本发明的系统还可以包括用于跟踪建筑过程的装置。 该系统还可以包括用于查询用户数据库或一组用户数据库的搜索装置。 由生成手段创建的方面可能包括行业基础类或XML标签，用于搜索行业兼容性。
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公开(公告)号：US07244942B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-17
申请号：US10867616
申请日：2004-06-15
IPC分类号： G01T1/24
CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 , G01T1/202
摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e., the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling LSO bars rather than single crystals when gluing on the Lumirror® as well as etching the LSO. Namely, an LSO boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these LSO bars can then be glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar (coating the LSO disks and Lumirror® sheets with Epotek 301-2). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new LSO-Lumirror® bars are etched. Finally, a selected number, M, of these LSO-Lumirror® bars are glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar; thus creating an etched N×M LSO-Lumirror® array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual LSO crystals or small Lumirror® pieces.
摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充率，即闪烁体元件之间的距离的方法被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在Lumirror上以及蚀刻LSO时，通过处理LSO条而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将LSO毛坯切成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些LSO条的所选数量N，与每个条之间的Lumirror（Epotek 301-2涂覆LSO盘和Lumirror纸）粘合在一起。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切成杆，并且蚀刻这些新的LSO-Lumirror（R）棒。 最后，将这些LSO-Lumirror（R）棒的选定数量M与在每个条之间的Lumirror胶合在一起; 从而产生蚀刻的NxM LSO-Lumirror阵列（其中M可以或可以不等于N），而不必处理单独的LSO晶体或小的Lumirror（R）片。
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公开(公告)号：US07019297B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-28
申请号：US10441681
申请日：2003-05-20
IPC分类号： G01T1/202
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , B33Y70/00 , B33Y80/00 , G01T1/2002
摘要： A method for fabricating an array adapted to receive a plurality of scintillators for use in association with an imaging device. The method allows the creation of a detector array such that location of the impingement of radiation upon an individual scintillator detector is accurately determinable. The array incorporates an air gap between all the scintillator elements. Certain scintillators may have varying height reflective light partitions to control the amount of light sharing which occurs between elements. Light transmission is additionally optimized by varying the optical transmission properties of the reflective light partition, such as by varying the thickness and optical density of the light partitions. In certain locations, no light partitions exist, thereby defining an air gap between those elements. The air gap allows a large increase in the packing fraction and therefore the overall sensitivity of the array.
摘要翻译： 一种用于制造适于接收与成像装置相关联使用的多个闪烁体的阵列的方法。 该方法允许创建检测器阵列，使得能够精确地确定单个闪烁体检测器上的辐射冲击位置。 该阵列包括所有闪烁体元件之间的气隙。 某些闪烁体可以具有变化的高度反射光分区，以控制在元件之间发生的光共享的量。 通过改变反射光分区的光传输特性，例如通过改变光分区的厚度和光密度来另外优化透光。 在某些位置，不存在光分区，从而在这些元件之间限定气隙。 空气间隙允许包装分数大幅度增加，因此阵列的整体灵敏度增加。
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公开(公告)号：US07164136B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-16
申请号：US10680015
申请日：2003-10-07
申请人： Mehmet Aykac , Matthias J. Schmand , Niraj K. Doshi , Mark S. Andreaco , Lars A. Eriksson , Charles W. Williams , Ronald Nutt
发明人： Mehmet Aykac , Matthias J. Schmand , Niraj K. Doshi , Mark S. Andreaco , Lars A. Eriksson , Charles W. Williams , Ronald Nutt
IPC分类号： G01T3/06
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/2928
摘要： A detector for use in imaging applications includes at least one detector array, an array of photodetectors, and a continuous light guide disposed between the detectors and the photodetectors. The light guide is continuous over the entire area of the photodetectors and detectors. The thickness of the light guide is optimized based on the shape of the photodetector array. Each detector array includes a plurality of scintillator elements disposed in an M×N array, where “M” and “N” are independently selectable and are each at least one. A mechanism for maintaining the relative positions of the individual scintillator elements with respect to each other is provided. The retainer is further provided to enhance the separation between the individual detector arrays to define distinct boundaries between the position profiles of the scintillator arrays.
摘要翻译： 用于成像应用的检测器包括至少一个检测器阵列，光电检测器阵列，以及设置在检测器和光电探测器之间的连续光导。 导光体在光电检测器和检测器的整个区域上是连续的。 基于光电检测器阵列的形状优化光导的厚度。 每个检测器阵列包括设置在MxN阵列中的多个闪烁体元件，其中“M”和“N”可独立选择并且各自至少一个。 提供了用于保持各个闪烁体元件相对于彼此的相对位置的机构。 进一步提供保持器以增强各个检测器阵列之间的间隔，以限定闪烁体阵列的位置分布之间的不同边界。
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8.发明授权Scintillation detector array for encoding the energy, position, and time coordinates of gamma ray interactions 有权闪烁探测器阵列，用于编码伽马射线相互作用的能量，位置和时间坐标公开(公告)号：US06362479B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09272228
申请日：1999-03-18
IPC分类号： G01T120
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A scintillation detector which includes a plurality of discrete scintillators composed of one or more scintillator materials. The discrete scintillators interact with incident radiation to produce a quantifiable number of photons with characteristic emission wavelength and decay time. A light guide is operatively associated with the scintillation crystals and may be either active or non-active and segmented or non-segmented depending upon the embodiment of the design. Photodetectors are provided to sense and quantify the scintillation light emissions. The process and system embodying various features of the present invention can be utilized in various applications such as SPECT, PET imaging and simultaneous PET systems. In accordance with the present invention, the detector array of the present invention incorporates either a single scintillator layer of discrete scintillators or discrete scintillators composed of two stacked different layers that can be the same scintillator material or of two different scintillator materials. In either case the different layers are composed of materials that have distinctly different decay times. The variants in these figures are the types of optical detectors which are used, i.e. photomultipliers and/or photodiodes, whether or not a segmented optical light guide is used, and whether the light guide is active or non-active. If a segmented optical light guide is used then the variant is whether the configuration is inverted or non-inverted.
摘要翻译： 闪烁检测器，其包括由一个或多个闪烁体材料组成的多个分立的闪烁体。 离散的闪烁体与入射辐射相互作用以产生具有特征发射波长和衰减时间的可量化数量的光子。 光引导件与闪烁晶体可操作地相关联，并且可以是有源的或非有效的，并且根据设计的实施例是分段的或非分段的。 提供光电检测器来感测和量化闪烁光发射。 体现本发明各种特征的方法和系统可以用于诸如SPECT，PET成像和同时PET系统的各种应用中。 根据本发明，本发明的检测器阵列包括单个闪烁体层的离散闪烁体或由两层不同层组成的分立闪烁体，其可以是相同的闪烁体材料或两种不同的闪烁体材料。 在任一情况下，不同的层由具有截然不同的衰变时间的材料组成。 这些图中的变型是使用的光学检测器的类型，即光电倍增管和/或光电二极管，是否使用分段的光学光导，以及光导是活动的还是非活动的。 如果使用分段光学光导，则该变体是配置是倒置还是非反转。
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公开(公告)号：US06749761B1
公开(公告)日：2004-06-15
申请号：US09972339
申请日：2001-10-05
IPC分类号： B29D1100
CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 , G01T1/202
摘要： A method for producing a high resolution detector array so as to provide very high packing fraction, i.e. the distance between scintillator elements is minimized so the detector efficiency will be higher than is currently achievable. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fabrication methodology is enhanced by handling LSO bars rather than single crystals when gluing on the Lumirror® as well as etching the LSO. Namely, an LSO boule is cut into wide bars of a selected dimension, for example 30 mm, which are then acid etched or mechanically polished. A selected number, N, of these LSO bars can then be glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar (coating the LSO disks and Lumirror® sheets with Epotek 301-2). The glued bar block is then cut again into bars in a perpendicular direction, and these new LSO-Lumirror® bars are etched. Finally, a selected number, M, of these LSO-Lumirror® bars are glued together with Lumirror® sheets between each bar; thus creating an etched N×M LSO-Lumirror® array, (where M may or may not be equal to N), without having to handle individual LSO crystals or small Lumirror® pieces.
摘要翻译： 用于产生高分辨率检测器阵列以提供非常高的填充分数的方法，即闪烁体元件之间的距离被最小化，因此检测器效率将高于目前可实现的。 在本发明的优选实施例中，通过在胶合在Lumirror上以及蚀刻LSO时，通过处理LSO条而不是单晶来增强制造方法。 也就是说，将LSO毛坯切成选定尺寸的宽条，例如30mm，然后进行酸蚀或机械抛光。 然后可以将这些LSO条的所选数量N，与每个条之间的Lumirror（Epotek 301-2涂覆LSO盘和Lumirror纸）粘合在一起。 然后将胶合棒块沿垂直方向再次切成杆，并且蚀刻这些新的LSO-Lumirror（R）棒。 最后，将这些LSO-Lumirror（R）棒的选定数量M与在每个条之间的Lumirror胶合在一起; 从而产生蚀刻的NxM LSO-Lumirror阵列（其中M可以或可以不等于N），而不必处理单独的LSO晶体或小的Lumirror（R）片。
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10.发明授权Depth of interaction detector block for high resolution positron emission tomography 有权用于高分辨率正电子发射断层扫描的相互作用探测器块的深度公开(公告)号：US06288399B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US09190661
申请日：1998-11-12
IPC分类号： G01T1164
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/171 , G01T1/2008
摘要： A depth of interaction detector block for improving the spatial resolution and uniformity in modern high resolution PET systems over an entire FOV. An LSO crystal layer, a GSO crystal layer, and a light guide are stacked on each other and mounted on a 2×2 PMT set, so that the corners of the phoswich are positioned over the PMT centers. The crystal phoswich is cut into a matrix of discrete crystals. The separation of the LSO and the GSO layers by pulse shape discrimination allows discrete DOI information to be obtained. The block design provides an external light guide used to share the scintillation light in four PMTs. The 4 PMT signals Si are connected to an amplifier box which offers a 4 pole semi-Gaussian shaping for each of the four PMT signals, a sample clock for triggering the ADC cards and a fast sum signal &Sgr;iSi of the four PMT signals Si for pulse shape discrimination. A CFD provides a START signal for the time to pulse height converter. The fast sum signal is in addition differentiated and integrated with a fast filter amplifier and connected to a CFD, which provides a STOP signal for the TAC. The outputs of the shaped PMT signals and the TAC are connected to two ADC cards running under computer control.
摘要翻译： 相互作用探测器块的深度，用于改善现代高分辨率PET系统在整个FOV中的空间分辨率和均匀性。 将LSO晶体层，GSO晶体层和导光体彼此堆叠并安装在2x2PMT组上，使得phoswich的角部位于PMT中心上方。 将晶体切片切割成离散晶体的矩阵。 通过脉冲形状识别分离LSO和GSO层可以获得离散的DOI信息。 块设计提供了一个用于在四个PMT中共享闪烁灯的外部光导。 4个PMT信号Si连接到放大器盒，该放大器盒为四个PMT信号中的每一个提供4极半高斯整形，用于触发ADC卡的采样时钟和用于脉冲的四个PMT信号Si的快速和信号SIGMAiSi 形状辨别。 CFD为脉冲高度转换器提供START信号。 快速和信号另外区分并与快速滤波放大器集成，并连接到CFD，为CF提供STOP信号。 成形PMT信号和TAC的输出连接到在计算机控制下运行的两个ADC卡。
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