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1.发明授权In-situ formation of polyvalent metal ions for crosslinking polymers within carbonate rock-containing reservoirs 失效在含碳酸盐岩储层中交联聚合物的多价金属离子的原位形成
公开(公告)号：US4630678A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US740447
申请日：1985-06-03
IPC分类号： C09K8/88 , E21B43/26 , E21B33/138
CPC分类号： C09K8/887 , E21B43/261
摘要： A water permeability contrast correction process to improve the sweep efficiency of waterflooding in carbonate-bearing strata which involves a sequential injection of (1) an optional aqueous preflush slug to adjust connate water salinity, (2) a slug of aqueous polymer gelable with polyvalent metal cations, such as an polyacrylamide, (3) an acidic aqueous solution effective to dissolve some of the carbonate and at least therefrom polyvalent metal cations specifically calcium or magnesium or both effective to gel said polymer, wherein said aqueous polymer and acidic solution can be injected together in a single slug, followed by (4) an additional aqueous polymer solution injection, wherein the acidic solution provides polyvalent metal cations in-situ for gelation of said polymer slug to preferentially decrease water permeability in highly permeable thief zones, and (5) an aqueous drive fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种透水性对比度校正方法，用于提高碳酸盐岩地层注水的扫掠效率，其中包括连续注入（1）任选的含水预冲洗块以调节原生水盐度，（2）可与多价金属胶凝的水分聚合物 阳离子，例如聚丙烯酰胺，（3）有效地溶解一些碳酸盐的酸性水溶液，以及至少有效地使所述聚合物凝胶化的所述聚合物，其中所述水性聚合物和酸性溶液可以被注入 （4）另外注入聚合物水溶液，其中酸性溶液原位提供多价金属阳离子以凝胶化所述聚合物块，以优先降低高渗透性小偷区域的透水性;（5） 水驱动流体。
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2.发明授权CO.sub.2 -induced in-situ gelation of polymeric viscosifiers for permeability contrast correction 失效二氧化碳诱导的聚合物增粘剂的原位凝胶化用于渗透性对比度校正
公开(公告)号：US4657944A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US805519
申请日：1985-12-06
申请人： Donald D. Bruning , Donald R. Weir
发明人： Donald D. Bruning , Donald R. Weir
CPC分类号： C09K8/60 , C09K8/50 , E21B43/164 , Y02P90/70
摘要： A water permeability contrast correction process to improve the sweep efficiency of waterflooding which involves the sequential injection of (1) an optional aqueous preflush slug to adjust connate water salinity, (2) an aqueous thickened slug comprising a sequestered polyvalent metal cation such as aluminum citrate and a gelable polymeric viscosifier such as polyacrylamide, (3) carbon dioxide to decrease the pH of the polymer slug which triggers the delayed in-situ gelation of said thickened slug to preferentially decrease water permeability in highly permeable thief zones, and (4) an aqueous drive fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种水渗透性对比度校正方法，用于提高注水的扫掠效率，其包括顺序注入（1）任选的含水预冲洗块以调节原生水盐度，（2）包含螯合的多价金属阳离子的水性增稠块，例如柠檬酸铝 和可凝胶聚合物增粘剂如聚丙烯酰胺，（3）二氧化碳，以降低聚合物块的pH，其引发所述增稠团块的延迟原位凝胶化，以优先降低高渗透性小偷区域中的透水性，以及（4） 水驱动液。
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公开(公告)号：US5251732A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US893614
申请日：1992-06-05
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A composite continuous surface rail is constructed by combining a load-bearing support rail divided into segments to allow for thermal expansion with a continuous surface rail that slideably engages the support rail and spans any number of support rail segments. The continuous top or surface rail includes a running rail and an expansion rail. The expansion rail is provided to absorb thermal expansion of the running rail while continuing to provide a continuous composite rail surface. The surface rail and/or support rail may be electrified. An electrified running rail and expansion rail will provide an electrified composite rail with electrical continuity.
摘要翻译： 复合连续表面轨道是通过将分成多个段的承载支撑轨道组合以允许与可滑动地接合支撑轨道且跨越任何数量的支撑轨道段的连续表面轨道进行热膨胀而构成的。 连续的顶部或表面轨道包括行驶轨道和扩展轨道。 提供了扩展轨道以吸收行驶轨道的热膨胀，同时继续提供连续的复合导轨表面。 表面轨道和/或支撑轨道可能通电。 电气化的运行轨道和扩展轨道将提供具有电气连续性的带电复合轨道。
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公开(公告)号：US5267634A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-07
申请号：US893872
申请日：1992-06-05
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A composite continuous surface rail is constructed by combining a load-bearing support rail divided into segments to allow for thermal expansion with a continuous surface rail that slideably engages the support rail and spans any number of support rail segments. The continuous top or surface rail includes a running rail and an expansion rail. The expansion rail is provided to absorb thermal expansion of the running rail while continuing to provide a continuous composite rail surface. The surface rail and/or support rail may be electrified. An electrified running rail and expansion rail will provide an electrified composite rail with electrical continuity.
摘要翻译： 复合连续表面轨道是通过将分成多个段的承载支撑轨道组合以允许与可滑动地接合支撑轨道且跨越任何数量的支撑轨道段的连续表面轨道进行热膨胀而构成的。 连续的顶部或表面轨道包括行驶轨道和扩展轨道。 提供了扩展轨道以吸收行驶轨道的热膨胀，同时继续提供连续的复合导轨表面。 表面轨道和/或支撑轨道可能通电。 电气化的运行轨道和扩展轨道将提供具有电气连续性的带电复合轨道。
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5.发明授权Selective plugging of highly permeable subterranean strata by in situ _gelation of polymer solutions 失效通过聚合物溶液的原位凝胶化选择性堵塞高渗透性地下层
公开(公告)号：US4498539A
公开(公告)日：1985-02-12
申请号：US552558
申请日：1983-11-16
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
IPC分类号： C09K8/512 , E21B43/22 , E21B33/138 , E21B43/20
CPC分类号： C09K8/512
摘要： A water permeability correction process, and composition therefor, to improve the sweep efficiency of waterflooding which involves the sequential injection of (1) an optional aqueous preflush slug to adjust connate water salinity, (2) an aqueous thickened slug comprising a sequestered polyvalent metal cation such as aluminum citrate, a gelable polymeric viscosifier such as polyacrylamide, and a hydrolyzable-pH-adjusting ester effective for delayed decreasing of the pH of the polymer slug which triggers in situ gelation to preferentially decrease water permeability in highly permeable thief zones, and, preferably, (3) an aqueous drive fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种水渗透性校正方法及其组合，以提高注水的扫掠效率，其涉及顺序注入（1）任选的含水预冲洗块以调节原生水盐度，（2）包含螯合的多价金属阳离子的水性增稠块 如柠檬酸铝，可聚合增粘剂如聚丙烯酰胺，以及可水解的pH调节酯，可有效延缓降低聚合物团块的pH值，引发原位凝胶化，从而优先降低高渗透性小偷区域的透水性， 优选地，（3）水性驱动流体。
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公开(公告)号：US5849674A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-15
申请号：US732570
申请日：1996-10-15
CPC分类号： C09K8/24 , C09K8/206 , Y10S507/903
摘要： A composition and a process for treating a subterranean formation are disclosed. The process comprises injecting into the subterranean formation a composition which comprises a polymer, a crosslinking agent, a liquid, optionally a clay, and further optionally a weighting agent wherein the polymer forms a gel in the formation, in the presence of the crosslinking agent.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种处理地下地层的组合物和方法。 该方法包括将含有聚合物，交联剂，液体，任选的粘土以及进一步任选的增重剂的组合物注入到地层中，其中聚合物在交联剂存在下在地层中形成凝胶。
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公开(公告)号：US5449116A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-12
申请号：US296622
申请日：1994-08-26
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A tie plate with posts is designed for easy insertion of the foot of the rail cooperates with pins through the posts to rigidly affix the rail to the tie plate and to railroad ties or roadbed. The posts may be made of flexible material in which case the rails are snapped into the tie plate. Alternatively the posts may be fabricated from hard plastics, ceramics, or metals, in which case the rails slide into the tie plates. The posts restrain the rail from lifting out of the tie plate or shifting laterally in the tie plate. Pins with fluted, or otherwise textured, surfaces are driven through guiding holes in the posts of the tie plate past the edge of the foot of the rail. The fluted edges of the pin serve to grip the rail. The pins are made of rigid or hard materials so that the pin will provide rigidity to the posts and also slightly deform the edge of the foot of the rail and thereby grip or engage the foot.
摘要翻译： 带柱的连接板设计用于容易地插入轨道的脚，通过柱与销配合，以将轨道刚性地固定到连接板和铁路连接件或路基上。 柱可以由柔性材料制成，在这种情况下，轨道被卡扣到连接板中。 或者，柱可以由硬塑料，陶瓷或金属制成，在这种情况下，导轨滑入连接板。 柱子限制轨道从连接板上拉出或者在连接板中横向移动。 具有槽纹或其他织构的表面的销通过连接板的柱的导孔穿过轨道的脚的边缘而被驱动。 销的槽纹边缘用于抓住导轨。 销由刚性或硬质材料制成，使得销向柱提供刚性，并且还使轨道的脚的边缘略微变形，从而夹紧或接合脚。
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公开(公告)号：US5249654A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US894385
申请日：1992-06-05
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A composite continuous surface rail is constructed by combining a load-bearing support rail divided into segments to allow for thermal expansion with a continuous surface rail that slideably engages the support rail and spans any number of support rail segments. The continuous top or surface rail includes a running rail and an expansion rail. The expansion rail is provided to absorb thermal expansion of the running rail while continuing to provide a continuous composite rail surface. The surface rail and/or support rail may be electrified. An electrified running rail and expansion rail will provide an electrified composite rail with electrical continuity.
摘要翻译： 复合连续表面轨道是通过将分成多个段的承载支撑轨道组合以允许与可滑动地接合支撑轨道且跨越任何数量的支撑轨道段的连续表面轨道进行热膨胀而构成的。 连续的顶部或表面轨道包括行驶轨道和扩展轨道。 提供了扩展轨道以吸收行驶轨道的热膨胀，同时继续提供连续的复合导轨表面。 表面轨道和/或支撑轨道可能通电。 电气化的运行轨道和扩展轨道将提供具有电气连续性的带电复合轨道。
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公开(公告)号：US5154346A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-13
申请号：US760658
申请日：1991-09-16
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A composite minimum-joint electrified rail is constructed by combining a non-conductive support rail divided into easily installed segments with a continuous conductive rail that mounts on the support rail and spans any number of support rail segments. The conductive rail may be attached to the non-conductive rail by a tongue and groove arrangement. Multiple conductive rails or strips may be attached to different portions of the same support rail. In addition spring clips are shown for attaching the support rail to railroad ties or roadbed, and fish plates are shown for attaching abutted support rails.
摘要翻译： 复合的最小关节带电轨道是通过将分为易于安装的段的非导电支撑轨道与安装在支撑轨道上并跨越任何数量的支撑轨道段的连续导电轨道组合而构成的。 导电轨可以通过舌和槽布置附接到非导电轨道。 多个导电轨或条可以附接到相同支撑轨的不同部分。 另外还示出了用于将支撑轨连接到铁路连接件或路基的弹簧夹，并且示出了用于附接抵靠的支撑轨的鱼板。
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公开(公告)号：US5120910A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US569104
申请日：1990-08-17
申请人： Donald D. Bruning
发明人： Donald D. Bruning
摘要： A composite minimum-joint electrified rail is constructed by combining a non-conductive support rail divided into easily installed segments with a continuous conductive rail that mounts on the support rail and spans any number of support rail segments. The conductive rail may be attached to the non-conductive rail by a tongue and groove arrangement. Multiple conductive rails or strips may be attached to different portions of the same support rail. In addition spring clips are shown for attaching the support rail to railroad ties or roadbed, and fish plates are shown for attaching abutted support rails.
摘要翻译： 复合的最小关节带电轨道是通过将分为易于安装的段的非导电支撑轨道与安装在支撑轨道上并跨越任何数量的支撑轨道段的连续导电轨道组合而构成的。 导电轨可以通过舌和槽布置附接到非导电轨道。 多个导电轨或条可以附接到相同支撑轨的不同部分。 另外还示出了用于将支撑轨连接到铁路连接件或路基的弹簧夹，并且示出了用于附接抵靠的支撑轨的鱼板。
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