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1.发明授权Application-specific conflict detection for weakly consistent replicated databases 失效针对弱一致的复制数据库的特定于应用程序的冲突检测
公开(公告)号：US5671407A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-23
申请号：US351841
申请日：1994-12-07
申请人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
发明人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99952 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： Write operations for weakly consistent replicated database systems have application-specific embedded dependency queries and related descriptions of the results that are expected to be returned when the respective dependency queries are run against the database. The dependency queries are arbitrary queries that are provided by the application to satisfy the requirements of the application. Write operations that conflict with the current state of any given instance of such a database are detected by comparing (a) the results that are returned when the dependency queries for those writes are run against the given instance of the database with (b) the results that are expected to be returned.
摘要翻译： 针对弱一致的复制数据库系统的写入操作具有应用程序特定的嵌入式依赖性查询和对相应的依赖性查询针对数据库运行时预期返回的结果的相关描述。 依赖关系查询是由应用程序提供以满足应用程序需求的任意查询。 通过比较（a）当针对这些写入的依赖性查询针对数据库的给定实例运行时返回的结果（b）结果，检测到与这种数据库的任何给定实例的当前状态冲突的写入操作 预计将退回。
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公开(公告)号：US5581754A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-03
申请号：US352012
申请日：1994-12-07
申请人： Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Brent B. Welch
发明人： Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Brent B. Welch
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99939
摘要： Write operations for weakly consistent replicated database systems have embedded conflict detection and conflict resolution procedures for identifying and resolving, respectively conflicts between such write operations and the current state of any given instance of such a database. These write operations are committed to a firm execution order by the host for one instance of such a database, and this execution order propagates to the other instances of the database. Accordingly, a write log distinguishes between the writes that are known to be committed to a firm execution order (the "tentative writes") is maintained for each instance of the database, thereby enabling the user to explicitly identifying the stable data and the potentially unstable data in any given instance of the database. Furthermore, provision is made for enabling users to select from a set of predefined consistency guarantees across all instances of such a database for any given session.
摘要翻译： 用于弱一致复制数据库系统的写入操作具有嵌入式冲突检测和冲突解决程序，用于识别和解决这种写入操作与此类数据库的任何给定实例的当前状态之间的冲突。 这些写入操作由主机对这种数据库的一个实例进行强制执行，并且该执行顺序传播到数据库的其他实例。 因此，写入日志区分已知被提交到坚定的执行顺序的写入（“暂时写入”）被维护用于数据库的每个实例，从而使得用户可以明确地识别稳定数据和潜在的不稳定 任何给定的数据库实例中的数据。 此外，还提供了允许用户从任何给定会话的这种数据库的所有实例的一组预定义的一致性保证中进行选择。
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公开(公告)号：US5581753A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-03
申请号：US314971
申请日：1994-09-28
申请人： Douglas B. Terry , Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
发明人： Douglas B. Terry , Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
CPC分类号： G06F17/30371 , G06F11/1402 , Y10S707/99952
摘要： The present invention provides client-selected consistency guarantees to clients of a weakly consistent replicated database on a per "session" basis. The clients have access to utilities which allow the clients to, individually or collectively, define a "session" over which the selected guarantees are enforced. A "session" is broadly defined as a sequence of logically related Reads and Writes to the database. Sessions are initiated and terminated substantially independently of other sessions which may exist concurrently. Clients are allowed, however, to clone sessions and/or merge sessions with other clients. Clients select a minimum relevant subset of guarantees from among a set of pre-defined consistency guarantees, where "relevancy" is a client determined factor. At any given time, the system may be enforcing a number of different combinations of consistency guarantees. The guarantees ensure that all clients participating in a particular session view the database as having certain conditions of data consistency--the consistency of which is only provided with respect to the participants' Read and Write requests. Clients are allowed to downgrade their selected guarantees during the course of their sessions. One implementation of the present invention permits the selection of any one of four consistency guarantees.
摘要翻译： 本发明在每个“会话”的基础上向弱一致的复制数据库的客户端提供客户选择的一致性保证。 客户可以访问实用程序，这些实用程序允许客户单独或集体定义执行所选保证的“会话”。 “会话”被广泛地定义为数据库的逻辑相关的读取和写入序列。 会话的启动和终止基本上独立于可能同时存在的其他会话。 但是，允许客户端克隆会话和/或与其他客户端合并会话。 客户从一组预定义的一致性保证中选择最小相关的担保子集，其中“相关性”是客户确定的因素。 在任何给定的时间，系统可能会执行许多不一致性保证的组合。 保证确保参与特定会话的所有客户都将数据库视为具有某些数据一致性的条件 - 其一致性仅针对参与者的读取和写入请求提供。 允许客户在会议过程中降级其选定的担保。 本发明的一个实现允许选择四个一致性保证中的任何一个。
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4.发明授权Identification of stable writes in weakly consistent replicated databases while providing access to all writes in such a database 失效在弱一致的复制数据库中识别稳定的写入，同时提供对这样的数据库中的所有写入的访问
公开(公告)号：US5577240A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-19
申请号：US352013
申请日：1994-12-07
申请人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
发明人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938 , Y10S707/99939
摘要： A write log that distinguishes between write operations that are known to be in a stable write order ("committed writes") and write operations that still are in a potentially unstable write order ("tentative writes") are maintained for each instance of a weakly consistent replicated database so that the stable and the potentially unstable data in any given instance of such a database can be explicitly identified.
摘要翻译： 写入日志可以区分已知处于稳定写入顺序（“已提交写入”）的写入操作和仍然处于潜在不稳定写入顺序（“暂时写入”）的写入操作。 一致的复制数据库，使得可以明确地识别这种数据库的任何给定实例中的稳定和可能不稳定的数据。
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5.发明授权Application-specific conflict resolution for weakly consistent replicated databases 失效对于弱一致的复制数据库，应用程序特定的冲突解决方案
公开(公告)号：US5603026A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US352014
申请日：1994-12-07
申请人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
发明人： Alan J. Demers , Karin Petersen , Michael J. Spreitzer , Douglas B. Terry , Marvin M. Theimer , Brent B. Welch
CPC分类号： G06F17/30356 , G06F17/30377 , Y10S707/99938
摘要： Write operations for weakly consistent replicated database systems have embedded application-specific merge procedures that are invoked for resolving conflicts whenever it is found that the related write operation conflicts with the current state of a given instance of such a database. The effect of executing such a merge procedure is deterministic for any state of the given instance of the database happens to be in when the merge procedure is executed.
摘要翻译： 针对弱一致的复制数据库系统的写入操作具有嵌入的特定于应用程序的合并过程，用于在发现相关写操作与此类数据库的给定实例的当前状态冲突时调用以解决冲突。 执行这样的合并过程的效果是确定性的，当执行合并过程时，数据库的给定实例的任何状态恰好处于。
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公开(公告)号：US5857023A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US758200
申请日：1996-11-25
CPC分类号： G06Q20/02 , G06Q20/023 , G06Q20/04 , G06Q20/0855 , G06Q20/10 , G06Q20/3829 , G07F7/1016
摘要： A method of redeeming for a seller electronic payments generated by and received from a customer using a master key unknown to the seller. In anticipation of making electronic payments, a customer sends a bank the master key that he will use to generate electronic payments. The bank stores the master key. Later, the bank receives from the seller a redemption request including a seller identifier, a first value of a payment index, and an electronic payment associated with the first value of the payment index. The bank authenticates the electronic payment by comparing the electronic payment to a hash of a string including the master key, the seller identifier, and the first value of the payment index. If the electronic payment is authenticated, the bank determines an amount due to the seller and credits that amount to the seller.
摘要翻译： 卖方使用卖方未知的主密钥为卖方兑换由客户生成和从客户接收的电子付款的方法。 在预计进行电子支付时，客户向银行发送他将用于生成电子支付的主密钥。 银行存储主密钥。 之后，银行从卖方收到包括卖方标识符，支付指数的第一值以及与支付指数的第一值相关联的电子支付的兑换请求。 银行通过将电子支付与包括主密钥，卖方标识符和支付指数的第一值的字符串的散列进行比较来认证电子支付。 如果电子支付被认证，银行将确定卖方应付的金额和卖方的金额。
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公开(公告)号：US5952638A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-14
申请号：US756130
申请日：1996-11-25
CPC分类号： G06Q20/04 , G06Q20/085 , G06Q20/12 , G06Q20/367
摘要： A method of space efficient electronic payments. A customer initiates an electronic transaction by transmitting a request for payment information to a seller. In response, the customer receives from the seller the payment information needed to generate an electronic payment. The customer determines the reliability of the payment information by authenticating it. If the payment information is authenticated, then the customer generates an electronic payment using the payment information and a master key unknown to the seller. Finally, the customer transmits the electronic payment to the seller along with a request for desired goods and/or services.
摘要翻译： 一种空间有效的电子支付方法。 客户通过向卖方发送支付信息请求来发起电子交易。 作为回应，客户从卖方收到产生电子支付所需的支付信息。 客户通过认证来确定付款信息的可靠性。 如果支付信息被认证，则客户使用付款信息和卖方未知的主密钥生成电子支付。 最后，客户将电子支付发送给卖家以及所需商品和/或服务的请求。
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公开(公告)号：US20100198914A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-05
申请号：US12668697
申请日：2008-07-11
IPC分类号： G06F15/16
CPC分类号： G06F9/466 , G06F17/30351 , G06F17/30371
摘要： A system and method for enabling distributed transaction processing by moving all application logic away from the server and into the client by using an optimistic concurrency control framework with client-side transaction validation including virtual full replication under a transactional programming model with full Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID) properties.
摘要翻译： 通过使用具有客户端事务验证的乐观并发控制框架，将所有应用程序逻辑远离服务器并进入客户端来实现分布式事务处理的系统和方法，包括具有完整原子性，一致性的事务编程模型下的虚拟完全复制， 隔离和耐久性（ACID）属性。
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公开(公告)号：US07162689B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-09
申请号：US09321594
申请日：1999-05-28
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G06F17/30297 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： Schema evolution involves defining flavored object groups. Specifically, related collections of replicated tables and other database objects, which are defined as belonging to an object group, are given different “flavors.” A flavor describes different subsets of the objects and even different subsets of the columns in the master tables. In one embodiment, when one site in a distributed database system propagates changes to a replicated database object, the current flavor for the site is also transmitted, so that the destination site can make the necessary adjustments in the uploaded changes by dropping the values for obsolete columns and using default values for new columns.
摘要翻译： 模式演进涉及定义风味对象组。 具体来说，定义为属于对象组的复制表和其他数据库对象的相关集合被赋予不同的“风格”。 风味描述对象的不同子集，甚至主表中的列的不同子集。 在一个实施例中，当分布式数据库系统中的一个站点将更改传播到复制的数据库对象时，还会发送站点的当前风味，以便目标站点可以通过删除已过时的值对上传的更改进行必要的调整 列并使用新列的默认值。
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公开(公告)号：US06980988B1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US10260547
申请日：2002-10-01
IPC分类号： G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F11/2064 , G06F11/2071 , G06F11/2082 , G06F2201/855 , Y10S707/99938
摘要： A method for applying changes to a standby system is described in which multiple apply tasks or “slaves” are scheduled to changes from redo logs, especially those changes in large transactions, in parallel and as soon as they are encountered in the logs. To foster data convergence, a partial ordering may be imposed on the transactions so that those transactions that actually depend on others are forced to wait on the transactions they are dependent upon commit. To foster read consistency, synchronization points may be periodically established, at which points a read consistent state of the standby database system can be obtained-all without adversely impact the throughput of the system.
摘要翻译： 描述了对备用系统应用更改的方法，其中多个应用任务或“从属”被调度为从重做日志中更改，特别是大事务中的这些更改并行并且一旦在日志中遇到即可。 为了促进数据收敛，可能会对事务施加部分排序，以使实际上依赖于其他事务的事务被迫等待其依赖于提交的事务。 为了促进读取一致性，可以周期性地建立同步点，从而可以获得备用数据库系统的读取一致状态，而不会对系统的吞吐量产生不利影响。
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