Abstract:
Provided is a method for detecting the presence of bacterial spores by measuring adenosine diphosphate (ATP) production over time. Spores are detected by converting adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to ATP.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for preserving recycled fiber by using biocides and a method for manufacturing paper using recycled fiber. The method for manufacturing paper, using recycled fiber as a raw material, comprises pulping procedure: pulping the raw material containing recycled fiber, and papermaking procedure: producing the paper with the pulp slurry obtained in the pulping procedure; wherein the total starch content of recycled fiber is measured before recycled fiber is pulped, and when the total starch content of recycled fiber is higher than a predetermined value, one or more biocides are added during the pulping procedure.
Abstract:
This disclosure relates to a combination for inhibiting or removing biofouling and a method for inhibiting biofouling growth or removing biofouling. This disclosure also relates to a combination including halogen-type oxidizers, sulfur-containing compounds, and ammonium salts and/or urea. Also disclosed are methods for inhibiting the biofouling growth in a reverse osmosis membrane separation device or nanofiltration membrane separation device or removing the biofouling in a reverse osmosis membrane separation device or nanofiltration membrane separation device.