Abstract:
The present invention provides a use of an inorganic salt or acid capable of producing free phosphate or fluoride ion in reducing the hardness and/or alkalinity of a water system containing residual antiscalant. In the lab test, it is found that the addition of a suitable amount of sodium phosphate or sodium fluoride may induce alkalinity reduction as well as hardness reduction. The production efficiency can be enhanced since the scaling was relieved and heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Meanwhile, lower scaling stress also means lower antiscalant dosage and cost, and thus the total operation cost can be reduced.
Abstract:
Methods, processes, and compositions for improving sizing efficiency in a paper-making process are provided. Pulp slurry is treated by using alkenyl succinic anhydride that is emulsified with a polymer emulsifier. The emulsified alkeny succinic anhydride is used in conjunction with paper-making filler particles that are modified with hydroxyl-containing hydrocarbon natural polymer polysaccharide.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to colloidal silicas having a low S-value and a high solids content, the preparation thereof, and the use thereof in the production of paper. When used in the production of paper, the colloidal silicas of the invention exhibit good retention and drainage performance so that they can be used in lower amounts compared to conventional colloidal silicas. The present invention also relates to an apparatus and a method for producing such activated colloidal silicas.