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公开(公告)号：US4357802A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-09
申请号：US132407
申请日：1980-03-21
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , F24J3/085 , Y02E10/14 , Y02P20/123
摘要： Process for recovery of energy from geothermal fluids such as geothermal brine in a geothermal formation by injecting a water immiscible working fluid, preferably organic, typically a hydrocarbon, e.g. isobutane, into the geothermal formation containing a geothermal fluid such as hot brine, wherein the hydrocarbon working fluid is heated by direct heat exchange contact with the hot geothermal fluid in the formation, and employing the hot working fluid to drive a heat engine or turbine to produce work or electrical energy or to provide heat energy to a chemical process (e.g., alcohol manufacture). The cooled working fluid discharged from the turbine is reinjected into the geothermal formation. The working fluid preferably has a density which changes substantially with temperature to provide a substantial pressure difference for causing flow of heated working fluid up the production well. The density difference can be due to phase transfer from liquid to gas.
摘要翻译： 通过注入与水不混溶的工作流体，优选有机的，通常为烃，例如烃的方法，从地热流体如地热盐水中回收能量的方法。 异丁烷进入包含地热液体如热盐水的地热层，其中烃工作流体通过与地层中的热地热流体的直接热交换接触加热，并且使用热工作流体驱动热机或涡轮机 产生工作或电能或为化学过程（例如酒精制造）提供热能。 从涡轮机排出的冷却的工作流体被重新注入地热层。 工作流体优选地具有随温度基本上变化的密度，以提供显着的压力差，用于使加热的工作流体在生产井上流动。 密度差可能是由于从液体到气体的相转移。
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公开(公告)号：US4276748A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US83112
申请日：1979-10-05
摘要： Process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other hot water sources, by direct contact heat exchange between the brine or hot water, and an immiscible working fluid, e.g. a hydrocarbon such as isobutane, in a heat exchange column, the brine or hot water therein flowing countercurrent to the flow of the working fluid. The column can be operated at subcritical, critical or above the critical pressure of the working fluid. Preferably, the column is provided with a plurality of sieve plates, and the heat exchange process and column, e.g. with respect to the design of such plates, number of plates employed, spacing between plates, area thereof, column diameter, and the like, are designed to achieve maximum throughput of brine or hot water and reduction in temperature differential at the respective stages or plates between the brine or hot water and the working fluid, and so minimize lost work and maximize efficiency, and minimize scale deposition from hot water containing fluid including salts, such as brine. Maximum throughput approximates minimum cost of electricity which can be produced by conversion of the recovered thermal energy to electrical energy.
摘要翻译： 通过盐水或热水之间的直接接触热交换，以及不混溶的工作流体，例如水和/或其他热水源的回收能量的方法和系统。 烃类如异丁烷，在热交换塔中，其中的盐水或热水与工作流体的流动逆流。 该柱可以在亚临界，临界或高于工作流体的临界压力下运行。 优选地，柱设置有多个筛板，并且热交换过程和塔，例如， 对于这种板的设计，所使用的板数，板之间的间距，面积，柱直径等被设计成实现盐水或热水的最大产量并降低各阶段或板的温度差 在盐水或热水和工作流体之间，并且因此最小化损失的工作并最大限度地提高效率，并且使包含盐（例如盐水）的热水含水流体的水垢沉积最小化。 最大吞吐量近似于通过将回收的热能转换为电能而产生的最小电力成本。
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公开(公告)号：US4167099A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-11
申请号：US873264
申请日：1978-01-30
摘要： Recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other hot water sources by direct contact heat exchange with a working fluid, such as a hydrocarbon working fluid, e.g. isobutane. The process and system consists of a plurality of stages, each stage including mixing and settling units. In the first stage, hot brine and arm working fluid are intimately mixed and passed into a settler wherein the brine settles to the bottom of the settler and the hot working fluid rises to the top. The hot working fluid is passed to a heat engine or turbine to produce work and the working fluid is then recycled back into the system. The system is comprised of a series of stages each containing a settler and mixer, and wherein the working fluid and the brine flow in a countercurrent manner through the stages to recover the heat from the brine in increments and raise the temperature of the working fluid in increments.
摘要翻译： {PG，1通过与工作流体例如烃工作流体的直接接触热交换来回收来自地热盐水和其它热水源的能量，例如， 异丁烷 该过程和系统由多个阶段组成，每个阶段包括混合和沉降单元。 在第一阶段，将热盐水和臂工作流体紧密地混合并进入沉淀器，其中盐水沉降到沉降器的底部，热的工作流体升至顶部。 热工作流体被传递到热机或涡轮机以产生作业，然后将工作流体再循环回到系统中。 该系统包括一系列阶段，每个阶段均包含沉降器和混合器，并且其中工作流体和盐水以逆流的方式流过该阶段以递增地从盐水中回收热量，并将工作流体的温度升高 增量。
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4.发明授权Process and system for recovery of working fluid for direct contact heat exchange 失效用于直接接触热交换的工作流体回收的工艺和系统
公开(公告)号：US4272960A
公开(公告)日：1981-06-16
申请号：US875213
申请日：1978-02-06
申请人： Edward F. Wahl, III
发明人： Edward F. Wahl, III
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S203/21
摘要： In the recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other water containing or hot water sources, such brine or hot water under pressure is introduced into direct heat exchange contact with a working fluid such as isobutane, the resulting hot isobutane is expanded in a turbine to produce work, the turbine discharge is condensed and returned to the heat exchanger and the cooled brine is withdrawn from the column. The present invention is directed to recovery of working fluid dissolved and/or entrained in the spent geothermal brine or water withdrawn from the direct contact heat exchanger, including the steps of settling the brine in a settling tank to recover some of the isobutane, flashing the remaining brine to flash off additional isobutane and steam stripping the spent brine to drive off further isobutane, the recovered isobutane in each of the steps being recycled to the direct contact heat exchanger.
摘要翻译： 在从地热盐水和其他含水或热水源回收能量时，将这种盐水或压力下的热水引入与诸如异丁烷的工作流体的直接热交换接触，所得热异丁烷在涡轮机中膨胀以产生 涡轮排出物被冷凝并返回到热交换器，并且将冷却的盐水从塔中取出。 本发明涉及回收在直接接触式热交换器中排出的废地热盐水或水中溶解和/或夹带的工作流体，包括将盐水沉淀在沉淀池中以回收一些异丁烷，闪烁 剩余的盐水闪蒸另外的异丁烷，并蒸汽除去废盐水以驱除另外的异丁烷，在每个步骤中回收的异丁烷被再循环到直接接触热交换器。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4375153A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-01
申请号：US247898
申请日：1981-03-26
申请人： Edward F. Wahl, III
发明人： Edward F. Wahl, III
摘要： Method and apparatus for transmitting a two-phase fluid of water and steam from a geothermal well head to a thermal energy use plant. A pipeline with substantially no flow restrictions and a decoupling tank, with the pipeline directly feeding the tank, and the tank feeding the energy use plant. Several embodiments of a decoupling tank including one with separate steam and water outlets, one with an outlet tube within the tank and an outlet slot in the tube at the water level of the tank, and one with a dumbbell-shaped outlet slot with a narrow central portion at the water level.
摘要翻译： 将水和蒸汽的两相流体从地热井头传输到热能使用设备的方法和装置。 一条基本上没有流动限制的管道和一个解耦罐，管道直接供给罐，以及罐供给能量使用设备。 解耦罐的几个实施例包括具有分离的蒸汽和水出口的一个，一个具有在罐内的出口管和在罐的水位处的管中的出口狭槽，以及具有窄的出口槽 水位中央部分。
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公开(公告)号：US4357801A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-09
申请号：US114386
申请日：1980-01-22
申请人： Edward F. Wahl, III
发明人： Edward F. Wahl, III
CPC分类号： F03G7/04 , B01D53/1475 , B01D53/1493 , Y02C10/06 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A process for removing carbon dioxide in geothermal power generating processes employing a geothermal fluid such as geothermal brine containing carbon dioxide, to improve the efficiency of geothermal power generation, comprises introducing an aqueous alkaline solution, preferably an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution, into a vapor stream obtained from the brine during power generation, to remove carbon dioxide from the stream. In the case, for example, of power generation by direct contact heat exchange between geothermal brine and a working fluid such as isobutane, where the working fluid is expanded to generate power, aqueous calcium hydroxide can be introduced into a direct contact condenser into contact with the working fluid therein to remove CO.sub.2 present in the working fluid, thereby aiding in reducing loss of working fluid from the system and aiding in reducing pump power. The aqueous alkaline, e.g., calcium hydroxide, solution alternatively can be contacted with the geothermal fluid prior to flashing or prior to direct contact heat exchange with a working fluid, to remove CO.sub.2 from uncondensible gas contained in the fluid.
摘要翻译： 一种使用含有二氧化碳的地热卤水等地热液体的地热发电方法中的二氧化碳去除方法，以提高地热发电的效率，包括将碱性水溶液，优选氢氧化钙水溶液引入蒸气流 在发电期间从盐水获得，以从流中除去二氧化碳。 在这种情况下，例如，通过地热盐水和工作流体例如异丁烷之间的直接接触热交换的发电，其中工作流体被膨胀以产生动力，氢氧化钙水溶液可以被引入到直接接触冷凝器中以与 其中的工作流体以去除存在于工作流体中的CO 2，从而有助于减少来自系统的工作流体的损失并且有助于降低泵功率。 碱性水溶液例如氢氧化钙溶液可替代地在闪蒸之前或在与工作流体直接接触热交换之前与地热流体接触，以从流体中包含的不可渗透气体中除去CO 2。
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公开(公告)号：US4027483A
公开(公告)日：1977-06-07
申请号：US605289
申请日：1975-08-18
申请人： Edward F. Wahl, III
发明人： Edward F. Wahl, III
摘要： Apparatus to convert the internal energy of hot fluids to mechanical work comprising a pair of nozzles, e.g. convergent-divergent nozzles, mounted oppositely on hollow support arms which are in turn mounted on a rotating hollow shaft which is coupled to a conventional electric generator or other device requiring mechanical power. The hot liquid, e.g. hot brine, flows through the hollow shaft and the hollow support arms to the nozzles, where the hot fluid expands and creates a thrust and torque on the shaft, causing it to rotate and create shaft power. The nozzles and rotating shaft are mounted in a closed container from which the exhaust fluid, gases and liquid are removed by conventional means so as to maintain a reduced pressure within the container.
摘要翻译： 将热流体的内部能量转换成包括一对喷嘴的机械作业的装置， 会聚发散喷嘴相对地安装在中空支撑臂上，中空支撑臂又安装在旋转的空心轴上，该空心轴联接到常规发电机或需要机械动力的其它装置。 热液体，例如 热盐水通过空心轴和中空支撑臂流到喷嘴，在那里热流体膨胀并在轴上产生推力和扭矩，使其转动并产生轴功率。 喷嘴和旋转轴安装在密封容器中，排气，气体和液体通过常规方式从中排出，以便在容器内保持减压。
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