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公开(公告)号：US5727621A
公开(公告)日：1998-03-17
申请号：US578327
申请日：1995-12-26
申请人： James R. Hardin
发明人： James R. Hardin
摘要： A geothermal energy installation and system, in which the field of potable water is utilized by a secondary conduit system to route potable water from an inlet in the user's line coming from the potable water field but upstream of the user's meter, through the heat exchanger equipment of a user, and back to the field at a point upstream of the final treatment processing stage of the field. Thus, the thermal energy of the water of the field is utilized without adding the cost of the volume of potable water use by the user, and is re-processed if somehow contaminated in the secondary conduit systems; and although the secondary conduit system delivers water back to the field at a changed temperature, depending upon the heat exchanger effect, the relatively large volume of water of the potable water field assures that the returned water does not even substantially alter the temperature of the potable water field.
摘要翻译： 一种地热能装置和系统，其中饮用水领域由次级管道系统利用，以便从用户线路中的饮用水路线到用户水表上游的饮用水通过热交换器设备 并且在该领域的最终处理处理阶段上游的一个点返回到该领域。 因此，利用现场水的热能，而不会增加使用者饮用水量的成本，并且如果在二次管道系统中受到污染则被重新加工; 并且尽管次级管道系统根据热交换器的作用将水回送到现场，但饮用水场的相对较大体积的水确保返回的水甚至基本上不会改变饮用水的温度 水田
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公开(公告)号：US5384355A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-24
申请号：US169977
申请日：1993-12-17
申请人： William C. Allen
发明人： William C. Allen
CPC分类号： C04B26/04 , C08F12/08 , C04B2111/00482 , F24J3/08 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A polymer concrete pipe liner is formed from a fluidized, but substantially waterless cement containing mixture applied to the pipe interior. The mixture is composed of inorganic cement particles, a liquid styrene mixture and a minor amount of one or more poly-olefinically unsaturated co-monomers. The mixture substantially excludes acrylonitrile and acrylamide. The co-monomers are preferably selected from a group including trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, hexadiene, and polyvinylsiloxanes. Mixing the liquid and solid components forms a slurry which is transferred to a pipe interior. Transfer properties can be controlled by particulate gradation, dissolved polymers, and rheology control additives. The pipe is then spun to centrifugally cast the liner. The composition avoids the need for high temperature curing and toxic reactive unsaturates to co-polymerize and cross-link polystyrene. Like the current polymer concrete materials, the materials embodied in the present invention have adequate strength at geothermal operating temperatures and reduced permeability, but they achieve this result without either a significant loss of broad spectrum chemical resistance to harsh geothermal environments or a large increase in cost. Other embodiments also incorporate the use of pozzolanic solids and high alumina cement to further improve chemical resistance characteristics.
摘要翻译： 聚合物混凝土管衬套由施加到管内部的流化但基本上无水的含水泥混合物形成。 该混合物由无机水泥颗粒，液体苯乙烯混合物和少量一种或多种聚烯烃不饱和共聚单体组成。 该混合物基本上不包括丙烯腈和丙烯酰胺。 共聚单体优选选自三羟甲基丙烷 - 三甲基丙烯酸酯，二乙烯基苯，己二烯和聚乙烯基硅氧烷。 混合液体和固体组分形成浆料，将其转移到管道内部。 转移性能可以通过颗粒分级，溶解的聚合物和流变控制添加剂来控制。 然后将管材旋转以离心浇铸衬里。 该组合物避免了对高温固化和有毒的反应性不饱和物质的共聚聚合和交联聚苯乙烯的需要。 与目前的聚合物混凝土材料一样，本发明中体现的材料在地热操作温度下具有足够的强度和降低的渗透性，但是它们实现了这一结果，而不会对苛刻的地热环境产生广谱耐化学腐蚀性或大量成本增加 。 其他实施方案还包括火山灰固体和高铝水泥的使用以进一步改善耐化学性特征。
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3.发明授权Low-molecular weight acrylate-acrylamide copolymers, their manufacture and use to prevent deposition of salts from aqueous media 失效低分子量丙烯酸酯 - 丙烯酰胺共聚物，它们的制造和用途，用于防止盐从水介质中沉积
公开(公告)号：US5032298A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-16
申请号：US103330
申请日：1987-10-01
申请人： Claude Roque , Alain Ribba
发明人： Claude Roque , Alain Ribba
IPC分类号： C02F5/00 , C02F5/08 , C02F5/10 , C02F5/12 , C08F2/38 , C08F20/52 , C08F220/04 , C08F220/06 , C08F220/56 , C09K8/12
CPC分类号： C02F5/12 , C08F220/06 , C08F220/56 , C09K8/12 , F24J3/08 , F28F19/00 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S507/927
摘要： The invention concerns low molecular weight copolymers of acrylic acid or at least partially salified acrylic acid and acrylamide, their process of manufacture and their use. These copolymers may be used to prevent the formation of deposits on the walls of oil or geothermal equipment from aqueous systems containing dissolved salts. The copolymer is characterized in that it comprises recurrent units deriving from acrylic acid and acrylamide in a proportion by weight from 95:5 to 25:75. Furthermore, the distribution of the molecular weights of the copolymer, as determined by exclusion analytic chromatography, is such that at least 60% of the weight molecular weights are lower than 500.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及丙烯酸或至少部分成盐丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的低分子量共聚物，其制备方法及其用途。 这些共聚物可用于防止在含有溶解盐的含水体系中在油或地热设备的壁上形成沉积物。 该共聚物的特征在于其包含丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺的重复单元，其重量比为95:5至25:75。 此外，通过排除分析色谱法测定的共聚物分子量的分布使得至少60％的重量分子量低于500。
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公开(公告)号：US4276748A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-07
申请号：US83112
申请日：1979-10-05
摘要： Process and system for recovery of energy from geothermal brines and other hot water sources, by direct contact heat exchange between the brine or hot water, and an immiscible working fluid, e.g. a hydrocarbon such as isobutane, in a heat exchange column, the brine or hot water therein flowing countercurrent to the flow of the working fluid. The column can be operated at subcritical, critical or above the critical pressure of the working fluid. Preferably, the column is provided with a plurality of sieve plates, and the heat exchange process and column, e.g. with respect to the design of such plates, number of plates employed, spacing between plates, area thereof, column diameter, and the like, are designed to achieve maximum throughput of brine or hot water and reduction in temperature differential at the respective stages or plates between the brine or hot water and the working fluid, and so minimize lost work and maximize efficiency, and minimize scale deposition from hot water containing fluid including salts, such as brine. Maximum throughput approximates minimum cost of electricity which can be produced by conversion of the recovered thermal energy to electrical energy.
摘要翻译： 通过盐水或热水之间的直接接触热交换，以及不混溶的工作流体，例如水和/或其他热水源的回收能量的方法和系统。 烃类如异丁烷，在热交换塔中，其中的盐水或热水与工作流体的流动逆流。 该柱可以在亚临界，临界或高于工作流体的临界压力下运行。 优选地，柱设置有多个筛板，并且热交换过程和塔，例如， 对于这种板的设计，所使用的板数，板之间的间距，面积，柱直径等被设计成实现盐水或热水的最大产量并降低各阶段或板的温度差 在盐水或热水和工作流体之间，并且因此最小化损失的工作并最大限度地提高效率，并且使包含盐（例如盐水）的热水含水流体的水垢沉积最小化。 最大吞吐量近似于通过将回收的热能转换为电能而产生的最小电力成本。
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公开(公告)号：US4002729A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-11
申请号：US674199
申请日：1976-04-06
摘要： Water is thermochemically decomposed to produce hydrogen by the following sequence of reactions: KI, NH.sub.3, CO.sub. 2 and water in an organic solvent such as ethyl or propyl alcohol are reacted to produce KHCO 3 and NH.sub.4 I. The KHCO.sub.3 is thermally decomposed to K.sub.2 CO.sub.3, H.sub.2 O and CO.sub.2, while the NH.sub.4 I is reacted with Hg to produce HgI.sub.2, NH.sub.3 and H.sub.2. The K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 obtained by calcining KHCO.sub.3 is then reacted with HgI.sub.2 to produce Hg, KI, CO and O.sub.2. All products of the reaction are recycled except hydrogen and oxygen.
摘要翻译： 通过以下反应顺序将水热化学分解产生氢气：使KI，NH 3，CO 2和有机溶剂如乙醇或丙醇中的水反应生成KHCO 3和NH 4。 KHCO 3被热分解成K 2 CO 3，H 2 O和CO 2，而NH 4 I与Hg反应生成HgI 2，NH 3和H 2。 然后通过煅烧KHCO 3获得的K 2 CO 3与HgI 2反应以产生Hg，KI，CO和O 2。 除了氢和氧之外，所有反应产物都被回收。
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公开(公告)号：US3891496A
公开(公告)日：1975-06-24
申请号：US30618372
申请日：1972-11-14
发明人： ERWIN RANSOME W
IPC分类号： B01D1/14 , B01D3/14 , B01D3/34 , B01D19/00 , E21B36/00 , F24J3/08 , F28F19/00 , B01B , B01D1/00 , B01D1/22 , B01D3/00 , F28F13/18
CPC分类号： F24J3/08 , B01D1/14 , B01D3/143 , B01D3/343 , B01D3/346 , B01D19/0047 , E21B36/001 , F28F19/00 , Y02A20/128 , Y02E10/10 , Y10S159/13 , Y10S159/15 , Y10S159/17 , Y10S159/33 , Y10S203/11
摘要： The invention provides an evaporation process and apparatus for an aqueous solution containing dissolved solids, such as mineral salts, without adherence of the solids to any surface contacting the aqueous solution. Heated immiscible oil is used as the heat transfer liquid which makes liquid/liquid contact with the solution, preferably in the form of a highly dispersed mixture of the solution and oil from a cooler part of the system in a mixing chamber whereby the solution droplets are vaporized by intimate contact with the hot oil. The mixture of hot oil and aqueous solution is fed from the mixing chamber into an evaporation chamber wherein all or a portion of remaining aqueous solution is converted to vapor by cascading downward over baffles, and the solids and liquid components of the mixture are separated into strata in the lower portion of the evaporating chamber. The oil stratum is continuously withdrawn, most of it being re-cycled to the heating and evaporation zones. The aqueous solution stratum is continuously withdrawn and re-cycled to the original evaporation step or on to a second stage evaporation step if so desired. The solids slurry is removed separately for separation of solids from liquids in a suitable solids-liquid separator. Apparatus surfaces exposed to the aqueous solution including particularly the mixing chamber, the heating elements in the oil heating chamber, and the evaporation chamber and parts therein are coated with a material which is preferentially oil wettable and zero water adsorbent. The immiscible oil circulating through the mixing chamber and evaporation chamber wets the surfaces therein, preventing adherence of solids and acting as a flushing agent to prevent sedimentation of solids thereon. All contacting apparatus surface is exposed to the aqueous solution should be smooth and free from sharp edges and should, preferably, be preferentially oil wettable. Multiple stage evaporators (details not shown) utilizing the methods herein disclosed may be used in order to conserve heat and selectively separate mineral components where feasible.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种用于含有溶解固体如无机盐的水溶液的蒸发方法和装置，而不将固体粘附到与水溶液接触的任何表面。 加热的不混溶油被用作使液体/液体与溶液接触的传热液体，优选地是在混合室中来自系统的较冷部分的溶液和油的高度分散混合物的形式，由此溶液液滴是 通过与热油紧密接触而蒸发。 热油和水溶液的混合物从混合室进料到蒸发室中，其中将剩余水溶液的全部或一部分通过在挡板上向下层叠而转化为蒸气，并将混合物的固体和液体组分分离成层 在蒸发室的下部。 油层不断抽出，大部分油层重新循环到加热和蒸发区。 如果需要，将水溶液层连续取出并重新循环至原始蒸发步骤或第二阶段蒸发步骤。 单独去除固体浆料，以在合适的固体 - 液体分离器中将固体与液体分离。 暴露于水溶液，特别是混合室，油加热室中的加热元件以及蒸发室及其中的部件的设备表面涂覆有优选油润湿和零吸水剂的材料。 循环通过混合室和蒸发室的不混溶油润湿其中的表面，防止固体粘附并充当冲洗剂以防止固体沉积。
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公开(公告)号：US5564282A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US240000
申请日：1994-05-09
申请人： Glenn A. Kaye
发明人： Glenn A. Kaye
CPC分类号： F25B13/00 , F24J3/08 , F25B30/06 , F25B2313/002 , F25B2313/025 , F25B2313/0314 , F25B2313/0315 , F25B2341/066 , F25B2600/2513 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A "DX" heat pump is provided herein which is based on the principle of providing optimal heat exchange in the heating mode through at least two, but up to five or more parallel ground loops, all but one of which respectively can be cut off from the system and evacuated of refrigerant in the cooling mode, and selectively reintroduced as required in the cooling mode. The loops are designed in terms of volume so that the refrigerant charge is correct in the heating mode when split in the selected number of loops and also correct in the cooling mode when one or more loops are used, whereby it/they contain the full system refrigerant charge. The headers are provided with solenoid valves which can be individually operated to provide a staged cooling system.
摘要翻译： 本文提供了一种“DX”热泵，其基于通过至少两个但至多五个或更多个并联接地回路在加热模式中提供最佳热交换的原理，其中除了一个之外，其中一个可以分别从 该系统在制冷模式下排出制冷剂，并根据冷却模式中的要求选择性地重新引入。 循环是根据体积设计的，使得当在选定数量的回路中分流时，在加热模式中的制冷剂充注是正确的，并且当使用一个或多个回路时在制冷模式下校正，由此它/它们包含完整系统 制冷剂充注 集管设有电磁阀，可以单独操作以提供分级冷却系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5388419A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-14
申请号：US139200
申请日：1993-10-20
申请人： Glen A. Kaye
发明人： Glen A. Kaye
CPC分类号： F25B13/00 , F24J3/08 , F25B30/06 , F25B2313/002 , F25B2313/025 , F25B2313/0314 , F25B2313/0315 , F25B2341/066 , F25B2600/2513 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A "DX" heat pump is provided herein which is based on the principle of providing optimal heat exchange in the heating mode through three parallel ground loops, two of which can be cut off from the system and evacuated of refrigerant in the cooling mode. The loops are designed in terms of volume so that the refrigerant charge is correct in the heating mode when split in three loops and also correct in the cooling mode when only one loop is used, but it contains the full system refrigerant charge. The loops are provided with "TX" metering valves which can be individually operated to provide a staged cooling system.
摘要翻译： 本文提供了一种“DX”热泵，其基于通过三个并联接地回路在加热模式中提供最佳热交换的原理，其中两个可以在系统中被切断并在制冷模式下排出制冷剂。 这些回路根据体积设计，使得制冷剂在加热模式下是正确的，在三回路中分流时，并且在仅使用一个回路时在冷却模式下进行校正，但是它包含全系统制冷剂装料。 这些回路设有“TX”计量阀，可以单独操作以提供分级冷却系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5327734A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-12
申请号：US883443
申请日：1992-05-15
摘要： A thermosyphon for use in frozen or unfrozen soil includes an evaporator tion embedded in the soil, a condenser section exposed to ambient air, an intermediate section connecting the two sections and a heat exchanger connected to a mechanical refrigeration source and operable to cool either the condenser or the intermediate section of the thermosyphon during periods when the ambient temperature is higher than that at which passive thermosyphonic cooling occurs.
摘要翻译： 用于冷冻或未冷冻土壤的热虹吸管包括嵌入土壤中的蒸发器部分，暴露于环境空气的冷凝器部分，连接两部分的中间部分和连接到机械制冷源的热交换器，并可操作以冷却冷凝器 或在环境温度高于发生被动热虹吸冷却时的热虹吸管的中间部分。
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公开(公告)号：US5122554A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-16
申请号：US458998
申请日：1989-12-29
申请人： William C. Allen
发明人： William C. Allen
CPC分类号： C04B26/04 , C08F12/08 , C04B2111/00482 , F24J3/08 , Y02E10/10
摘要： A polymer concrete pipe liner is formed from a fluidized, but substantially waterless cement containing mixture applied to the pipe interior. The mixture is composed of inorganic cement particles, a liquid styrene mixture and a minor amount of one or more poly-olefinically unsaturated co-monomers. The mixture substantially excludes acrylonitrile and acrylamide. The co-monomers are preferable selected from a group including trimethylolpropane-trimethacrylate, divinyl benzene, hexadiene, and polyvinylsiloxanes. Mixing the liquid and solid components forms a slurry which is transferred to a pipe interior. Transfer properties can be controlled by particulate gradation, dissolved polymers, and rheology control additives. The pipe is then spun to centrifugally cast the liner. The composition avoids the need for high temperature curing and toxic reactive unsaturates to co-polymerize and cross-link polystyrene. Like the current polymer concrete materials, the materials embodied in the present invention have adequate strength at geothermal operating temperatures and reduced permeability, but they achieve this result without either a significant loss of broad spectrum chemical resistance to harsh geothermal environments or a large increase in cost. Other embodiments also incorporate the use of pozzolanic solids and high alumina cement to further improve chemical resistance characteristics.
摘要翻译： 聚合物混凝土管衬套由施加到管内部的流化但基本上无水的含水泥混合物形成。 该混合物由无机水泥颗粒，液体苯乙烯混合物和少量一种或多种聚烯烃不饱和共聚单体组成。 该混合物基本上不包括丙烯腈和丙烯酰胺。 共聚单体优选选自包括三羟甲基丙烷 - 三甲基丙烯酸酯，二乙烯基苯，己二烯和聚乙烯基硅氧烷的基团。 混合液体和固体组分形成浆料，将其转移到管道内部。 转移性能可以通过颗粒分级，溶解的聚合物和流变控制添加剂来控制。 然后将管材旋转以离心浇铸衬里。 该组合物避免了对高温固化和有毒的反应性不饱和物质的共聚聚合和交联聚苯乙烯的需要。 与目前的聚合物混凝土材料一样，本发明中体现的材料在地热操作温度下具有足够的强度和降低的渗透性，但是它们实现了这一结果，而不会对苛刻的地热环境产生广谱耐化学腐蚀性或大量成本增加 。 其他实施方案还包括火山灰固体和高铝水泥的使用以进一步改善耐化学性特征。
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