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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4880458A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US191702
申请日：1988-05-09
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143
摘要： Start-up method for an iron ore direct reduction process, where in the steady-state process the reducing gases are produced by steam reformation of natural gas catalyzed within the reducing zone of the reduction vessel by the reduced ore present therein. During established steady-state operation, a process gas stream is circulated in a reducing gas loop comprising the reduction vessel, a gas heater, and units to remove H.sub.2 O and CO from the gas circulating in said loop. Natural gas and water are fed directly to the reducing gas loop as make-up reactants for the reformation. At plant start-up there is a complete absence of metallic iron to catalyze the reformation reaction at any temperature, and a complete absence of H.sub.2 or CO so no effective reduction is possible to produce the needed metallic iron. In a multi-stage start-up, the reduction vessel is first charged with iron ore and pressurized by introducing natural gas to said loop. Simultaneously, the temperature is raised to the range of 400.degree. to 600.degree. C. The natural gas cracks, producing a small amount of H.sub.2 and some carbon soot. Second, the temperature is further increased, and injection of water is begun to prevent further carbon deposition, to promote the production of H.sub.2, and to avoid H.sub.2 consumption; until 3% to 8% by volume of H.sub.2 accumulates. Third, at about 750.degree.-820.degree. C., water injection is interrupted favoring the accumulation of hydrogen until a concentration of about 65% is achieved while the temperature of the process gas stream reaches its steady-state value of about 950.degree. C. Fourth, water is again injected to promote the reforming of make-up natural gas within the reduction vessel and all process feeds are adjusted to their steady-state values.
摘要翻译： 用于铁矿石直接还原方法的启动方法，其中在稳态过程中，还原气体是通过在还原容器的还原区内由其中存在的还原矿催化的天然气的蒸汽重整产生的。 在建立的稳态运行期间，工艺气流在包括还原容器，气体加热器和从循环中循环的气体中除去H 2 O和CO的单元的还原气体回路中循环。 将天然气和水直接作为补充反应物进行还原气体循环。 在工厂启动时，完全不存在金属铁以在任何温度下催化重整反应，并且完全不存在H 2或CO，所以没有有效的还原可以产生所需的金属铁。 在多级启动中，还原容器首先装入铁矿石，并通过将天然气引入所述环来加压。 同时，温度升高到400〜600℃。天然气裂缝，产生少量H2和一些碳烟。 二是温度进一步提高，注入水开始防止进一步的碳沉积，促进H2生产，避免H2消耗; 直至H 2的3〜8体积％积存。 第三，在约750°-820℃下，注入氢气有利于氢气的积聚，直到达到约65％的浓度，同时工艺气体流的温度达到约950℃的稳态值。 第四，再次注入水以促进还原容器内化妆天然气的重整，并将所有的工艺进料调整到其稳态值。
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2.发明授权Method for controlling metallization and carburization in the reduction of metal ores to sponge iron 失效用于控制金属化和渗碳的方法，用于将金属矿石还原成海绵铁
公开(公告)号：US4584016A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US668173
申请日：1984-11-02
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A method of operating a vertical moving bed reduction reactor for reducing iron ore to sponge iron and having a reduction zone in the upper portion thereof and a cooling zone in the lower portion thereof to obtain a desired degree of metallization of the reduced ore in said reduction zone and a desired degree of carburization in said cooling zone which comprises supplying to said reactor a predetermined flow of reducing gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and, varying the ratio of reducing gas flow to said reduction zone to the reducing gas flow to said cooling zone to vary at least one of the amount of metallization attained in said reduction zone and the amount of carburization attained in said cooling zone, maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration in said reduction zone at a value which yields the desired degree of metallization therein and maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration in said cooling zone at a value which yields the desired degree of carburization in said cooling zone.
摘要翻译： 一种操作垂直移动床还原反应器的方法，其用于将铁矿石还原成海绵铁并且在其上部具有还原区，并在其下部具有冷却区，以获得所述还原中的还原矿的期望的金属化程度 区域和所述冷却区域中所需的渗碳程度，其包括向所述反应器供应包含一氧化碳和氢气的预定流量的还原气体，并且改变到所述还原区域的还原气体流量与到所述冷却区域的还原气体流量的比率 以改变在所述还原区中获得的金属化量和在所述冷却区中达到的渗碳量中的至少一个，将所述还原区中的二氧化碳浓度保持在其中产生所需程度的金属化并保持碳的值 在所述冷却区中的二氧化物浓度以产生希望的渗碳程度的值 d冷却区。
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3.发明授权Method for the gaseous reduction of metal ores using reducing gas produced by gasification of solid or liquid fossil fuels 失效使用由固体或液体化石燃料气化生产的还原气体气态还原金属矿石的方法
公开(公告)号：US4246024A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-20
申请号：US089902
申请日：1979-10-31
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B13/0073 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A method for the gaseous reduction of particulate ores to metals in a moving bed, vertical shaft reactor using a reducing gas externally supplied from a solid or liquid fossil fuel gasification unit. The reducing gas is reformed in a reforming zone located within the reactor and treated prior to injection into the reduction zone of the reactor. A portion of the reducing gas produced in a coal gasification unit may be used to cool the metal in the cooling zone of the reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种使用从固体或液体化石燃料气化单元外部提供的还原气体的移动床中的颗粒矿石气态还原方法。 在位于反应器内的重整区中将还原气体重整，并在注入反应器的还原区之前进行处理。 在煤气化单元中产生的部分还原气体可用于冷却反应器冷却区中的金属。
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公开(公告)号：US4449671A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-22
申请号：US289998
申请日：1981-08-04
CPC分类号： F27D25/003 , B65D88/66 , C21B13/00 , F27B1/20 , Y02P10/136
摘要： Apparatus for breaking apart agglomerations of particulate matter flowing in a vessel (particularly useful ina pressurized moving-bed vertical-shaft reduction reactor for the production of sponge iron) is exemplified by an externally mounted hydraulic cylinder having access to the interior of said vessel through a probe port, the piston of said hydraulic cylinder being provided with a conical probe positioned so as to be normally retracted out from the interior of said vessel but extendable by said hydraulic cylinder into and across the interior of said vessel, preferably at the narrowed discharge portion thereof, whereby said probe is angled to extend downwardly in the direction of flow of said particulate matter as well as across said flow to engage and break up any agglomerations of particulate matter in its path. When used with a pressurized vessel, the probe may be uniquely adapted to function without reactor pressure loss by a housing for the probe, or alternatively for the entire probe and hydraulic cylinder, with said housing having open communication with said vessel, so as to minimize sealing problems with respect to the moving probe. In a reduction reactor, the probe is preferably mounted near the bottom of the cooling zone adjacent the narrowed discharge outlet so as normally to be retracted to avoid any obstruction of the uniform flow through the reactor, and yet be angled along and across the direction of flow to assist in the discharge and also intercept and break up agglomerations obstructing the narrowed discharge.
摘要翻译： 用于分解在容器中流动的颗粒物质的聚集的装置（在用于生产海绵铁的加压移动床垂直轴还原反应器中特别有用）的例子是外部安装的液压缸，其通过一个 所述液压缸的活塞设置有锥形探针，所述锥形探针定位成正常地从所述容器的内部缩回，但是可由所述液压缸延伸到所述容器的内部并穿过所述容器的内部，优选在所述容器的狭窄排出部分 由此所述探针成角度以在所述颗粒物质的流动方向上向下延伸并且跨过所述流动以接合和分解其路径中的颗粒物质的任何附聚物。 当与加压容器一起使用时，探针可以独特地适于在没有反应堆压力损失的情况下通过用于探针的壳体，或者替代地用于整个探针和液压缸，其中所述壳体与所述容器具有开放连通，以便最小化 关于移动探头的密封问题。 在还原反应器中，探针优选地安装在靠近狭窄排出口的冷却区的底部附近，以便通常被缩回以避免任何阻塞均匀流过反应器的阻塞，并且沿着并横过 流动以帮助排放，并且还拦截和分解堵塞狭窄排放物的团聚体。
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公开(公告)号：US4261734A
公开(公告)日：1981-04-14
申请号：US72412
申请日：1979-09-04
CPC分类号： C21B13/04 , C21B13/0073 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A method for the gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge iron in a vertical moving bed reactor having a reduction zone in the upper portion thereof and a cooling zone in the lower portion thereof which comprises using a coolant gas containing up to about 30% by volume of hydrocarbon, e.g., coke oven gas, and passing a mixture of the hydrocarbon-containing gas and steam through the cooling zone to cause the sponge iron therein to catalyze the conversion of the hydrocarbon/steam mixture to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在其上部具有还原区的垂直移动床反应器中将铁矿石气化还原成海绵铁的方法，其下部的冷却区包括使用含有高达约30体积％ 的烃，例如焦炉煤气，并使含烃气体和蒸汽的混合物通过冷却区，使其中的海绵铁催化烃/蒸汽混合物转化为一氧化碳和氢气。
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公开(公告)号：US4150972A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-24
申请号：US852535
申请日：1977-11-17
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B13/0073 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A method for inhibiting carburization of metal-bearing material in the reduction zone of a vertical shaft, moving bed reactor for the direct gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge iron. Carburization within the reduction zone is decreased by regulating the water vapor content of the reducing gas in any of various ways, e.g., by adding water vapor in the form of steam to the reducing gas either before it enters the reduction zone, while it is within the reduction zone, or after it leaves the reduction zone or by recirculating a portion of the effluent gas from the reactor and cooling the recirculated gas to a predetermined extent.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在垂直轴的还原区域中抑制含金属材料的渗碳的方法，用于将铁矿石直接气态还原成海绵铁的移动床反应器。 通过以各种方式以任何方式调节还原气体的水蒸汽含量来减少还原区内的渗碳，例如通过在进入还原区之前将蒸汽形式的蒸气加入到还原气体中，同时在还原区内 还原区，或者在离开还原区之后，或者通过将来自反应器的一部分流出气体再循环并将再循环气体冷却至预定的程度。
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公开(公告)号：US5110350A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US436307
申请日：1989-11-14
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143 , Y02P10/265 , Y02P10/283
摘要： A process for the gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge in a vertical shaft, moving bed reactor wherein a hot gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide generated by the internal steam reformation of gaseous hydrocarbon(s), preferably methane or natural gas, is used to reduce the ore without the need for any external catalytic reformer. A reducing gas recycle loop is established to which hydrocarbon and reclaimed waste hot water are fed in the proper proportions as the reducing gas make-up source with the sponge iron produced in the reduction reactor being used to catalyze hydrocarbon reformation, and with the carbon content of the recycled gas being maintained low by removing carbon dioxide therefrom. High overall process thermal efficiency and lowered operating and capital costs are achieved by establishing hot water (and optional steam) loops wherein all process hot water/steam requirements are met through the utilization of hot water discharge from the quench cooler and advantageously also the generation of steam by the reclamation of waste heat from spent hot reducing gas leaving the reactor, thereby eliminating the need for importing costly process steam and reducing the size needed for cooling towers and water treatment units.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在垂直轴中将铁矿石气态还原成海绵的方法，移动床反应器，其中使用通过气态烃（优选甲烷或天然气）的内部蒸汽重整产生的氢气和一氧化碳的热气体混合物 以减少矿石，而不需要任何外部催化重整器。 建立了一种还原气循环回路，其中烃和再生废热水以合适的比例供给，作为还原气体补给源，还原反应器中产生的海绵铁用于催化烃改性，并且碳含量 的再循环气体通过从其中除去二氧化碳而保持较低。 通过建立热水（和可选的蒸汽）回路来实现高整体工艺热效率和降低的运行和资本成本，其中通过利用来自骤冷冷却器的热水排放满足所有工艺热水/蒸汽要求，并且有利地也产生 通过从离开反应器的废热还原气体回收废热，从而无需进口昂贵的工艺蒸汽并减少冷却塔和水处理单元所需的尺寸。
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公开(公告)号：US4556417A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-03
申请号：US495422
申请日：1983-05-17
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the production of metallic iron through direct reduction of iron ores and particularly to an optimized process which permits operation at higher reducing temperatures with minimized problems of sinterization and agglomeration of iron ore particles. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a process wherein the required size of the reducing gas generating unit is reduced. Both objects are preferably achieved by means of injecting only natural gas, or a similar methane-containing gas into the cooling loop of the direct reduction process and venting a portion of the cooling gas from the cooling zone to the reducing zone (preferably, on the order of 1% to 2% of the methane content of the cooling gas in relation to the volume flow of the reducing gas).
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过直接还原铁矿石生产金属铁的方法，特别涉及一种优化方法，该方法允许在更高的还原温度下操作，而铁矿石颗粒的烧结和附聚最小化的问题。 本发明的另一个目的是提供一种其中还原气体发生单元所需尺寸减小的方法。 两个目的优选通过仅将天然气或类似的含甲烷气体注入到直接还原过程的冷却回路中并将冷却气体的一部分从冷却区域排出到还原区（优选地，在 相对于还原气体的体积流量，冷却气体的甲烷含量的1〜2％的量级）。
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公开(公告)号：US4253867A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-03
申请号：US084750
申请日：1979-10-15
CPC分类号： C21B13/0073 , C21B13/02 , C21B13/04 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143
摘要： A method of using coke oven gas, and more generally gaseous mixtures containing up to about 30% by volume of methane, for the direct gaseous reduction of iron ore in a vertical shaft, moving bed reactor. In addition to the usual reduction zone and cooling zone, the reactor is provided with an intermediate reforming zone. A hot mixture of coke oven gas and steam is fed to the intermediate zone and reduced ore therein catalyzes the conversion of the methane of the coke oven gas to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The reformed gas flows upwardly into the reduction zone of the reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种使用焦炉煤气的方法，以及含有高达约30体积％甲烷的更通常的气态混合物，用于在垂直轴，移动床反应器中直接气态还原铁矿石。 除了通常的还原区和冷却区之外，反应器设置有中间重整区。 将焦炉煤气和蒸汽的热混合物进料到中间区域，并且其中的还原矿石催化焦炉煤气的甲烷转化为一氧化碳和氢气。 重整气体向上流入反应器的还原区。
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公开(公告)号：US4224057A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US67665
申请日：1979-08-20
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B13/0073 , C21B13/0086 , Y02P10/136
摘要： Sponge iron is carburized in the cooling zone of a vertical shaft iron ore reduction reactor by causing a carbon-containing gas to circulate in a closed loop including the cooling zone of the reactor and an external conduit containing a quench cooler and a pump. Improved control of the carburization of the sponge iron is achieved by measuring the specific gravity of the circulating gas and using the measured specific gravity value as a control variable effectively to regulate the flow of make-up carbon-containing gas to the cooling loop.
摘要翻译： 海绵铁在垂直轴铁矿石还原反应器的冷却区中通过使含碳气体在包括反应器的冷却区和含有骤冷器和泵的外部导管的闭合回路中循环而渗碳。 通过测量循环气体的比重和用测量的比重值作为控制变量有效地调节补充含碳气体到冷却回路的流动，可以改善海绵铁渗碳的控制。
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