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公开(公告)号：US08940076B2
公开(公告)日：2015-01-27
申请号：US13388287
申请日：2010-07-21
申请人： Pablo Enrique Duarte-Escareño , Eugenio Zendejas-Martinez , Andrea Tavano , Alessandro Martinis , Omar Della Gaspera
发明人： Pablo Enrique Duarte-Escareño , Eugenio Zendejas-Martinez , Andrea Tavano , Alessandro Martinis , Omar Della Gaspera
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , B01D53/047 , B01D53/1475 , B01D53/228 , B01D53/75 , B01D2257/502 , B01D2257/702 , C21B13/029 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , C21B2100/22 , C21B2100/28 , C21B2100/282 , Y02C10/06 , Y02C10/08 , Y02C10/10 , Y02C20/20 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143 , Y02P10/216
摘要： Production method and apparatus for direct reduced iron (DRI), a.k.a sponge iron, by contacting iron oxides with recycled and regenerated hot reducing gases containing H2 & CO2. This invention decreases uncontained emission of CO2 to the atmosphere from combustion of carbon-bearing fuels in the reducing-gas heater by substituting, at least partially, a gas mainly comprising hydrogen in lieu of the usual carbon-bearing fuels. The hydrogen fuel stream, depleted of CO2 by means of a physical gas separation unit (which can be a PSA/VPSA type adsorption unit, a gas separation membrane unit or a combination of both such units) is derived from at least a portion of regenerated reducing gases being recycled to the reduction reactor. The derived hydrogen fuel stream is combusted in the reducing gas heater and/or other thermal equipment in the reduction plant, thus decreasing the CO2 emissions directly to the atmosphere.
摘要翻译： 通过使铁氧化物与再循环和再生的含有H2和CO2的热还原气体接触，直接还原铁（DRI），a.k.a海绵铁的生产方法和设备。 本发明通过至少部分替代主要包含氢的气体代替通常的含碳燃料，从而减少了在还原气体加热器中的含碳燃料的燃烧中CO 2的未被排放的CO 2。 通过物理气体分离单元（其可以是PSA / VPSA型吸附单元，气体分离膜单元或两个这样的单元的组合）耗尽CO 2的氢燃料流从至少一部分再生的 还原气体被再循环到还原反应器中。 衍生的氢燃料流在还原气体加热器和/或还原装置中的其他热设备中燃烧，从而将CO 2排放直接减少到大气中。
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2.发明申请METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE DIRECT REDUCTION OF IRON ORES UTILIZING SYNGAS 审中-公开直接还原铁矿石利用方法和装置的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US20100162852A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-01
申请号：US12601984
申请日：2008-05-14
IPC分类号： C21B13/00
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B13/0073 , C21B2100/24 , C21B2100/282 , C21B2100/42 , C21B2100/64 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A direct reduction plant for the production of a metallized product (DRI) by the reduction of iron ores in lump or pellet form, wherein the reducing gas utilized in the DRI reactor contains acid gases such as sulphur compounds and carbon dioxide. The make-up reducing gases are typically produced by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons (syngas) at a high pressure while the DRI reactor is usually operated at a lower pressure. The pressure level of the reducing gas effluent from the DRI reactor (top gas), after cooling and dewatering, is increased to the pressure level of the syngas and the resulting recycle reducing gas is then combined with the make-up syngas and treated in a single acid-gas absorption unit forming a combined stream of clean upgraded reducing gas which thereafter is expanded in a turbine for lowering combined reducing gas pressure to the pressure level of the DRI reactor and is then heated to a temperature preferably above 950° C. and used in the DRI reactor for producing said DRI. The compressor for raising the pressure of the initially cool recycle gas uses energy from the expansion turbine (used for lowering the pressure of the high-pressure combined reducing gas).
摘要翻译： 用于通过还原块状或丸状铁矿石生产金属化产品（DRI）的直接还原装置，其中在DRI反应器中使用的还原气体含有酸性气体如硫化合物和二氧化碳。 补充还原气体通常通过在高压下烃（合成气）的部分氧化产生，而DRI反应器通常在较低压力下操作。 来自DRI反应器（顶部气体）的还原性气体流出物在冷却和脱水后的压力水平增加到合成气的压力水平，然后将所得的再循环还原气体与补充合成气合并，并在 单一酸性气体吸收单元形成清洁升级还原气体的组合流，其后在涡轮机中膨胀，以将组合的还原气体压力降低至DRI反应器的压力水平，然后被加热至优选高于950℃的温度， 用于生产DRI的DRI反应器。 用于提高初始冷却循环气体的压力的压缩机使用来自膨胀涡轮机的能量（用于降低高压组合还原气体的压力）。
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3.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090211401A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-27
申请号：US12160180
申请日：2007-01-05
IPC分类号： C22B5/14
CPC分类号： C22B5/12 , C21B13/0073 , C21B13/02 , C21B13/029 , C21B2100/22 , C21B2100/64 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143
摘要： A process for reducing iron ore particles in a moving bed reduction reactor comprising an upper reduction zone and a lower discharge zone, wherein the coke oven gas, preferably forming all the make-up for the reducing gas circulating through and reacting in said reduction zone, is first fed to said discharge (cooling) zone and thereafter said coke oven gas, conditioned by the DRI in the lower zone, is withdrawn from the reactor and fed preferably into the recycled reducing gas for injection into the reduction zone of the reactor. Heavy hydrocarbons and other components of coke oven gas which may otherwise cause fouling, corrosion, or deposits in the direct reduction plant are removed from coke oven gas by catalytic and/or adsorptive action of the DRI present in said lower zone, before being externally transferred to the reduction zone of the reduction reactor.
摘要翻译： 一种用于还原移动床还原反应器中的铁矿石颗粒的方法，其包括上部还原区和下部排出区，其中焦炉气体优选地形成循环通过并在所述还原区中反应的还原气体的所有补充， 首先进料到所述排出（冷却）区，然后将由下部区域中的DRI调节的所述焦炉气体从反应器中排出并优选进料到再循环的还原气体中，以将其注入到反应器的还原区中。 在外部转移之前，可能通过在所述下部区域中存在的DRI的催化和/或吸附作用从焦炉气体中除去可能导致直接还原装置中的结垢，腐蚀或沉积的焦炉气体的重质烃和其它组分 到还原反应器的还原区。
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4.发明申请Method and apparatus for producing clean reducing gases from coke oven gas 审中-公开从焦炉煤气生产清洁还原气体的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US20060027043A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-09
申请号：US11194578
申请日：2005-08-02
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C10J3/66 , B01D53/48 , C01B3/36 , C01B3/50 , C01B13/0248 , C01B2203/0255 , C01B2203/04 , C01B2203/0485 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/84 , C01B2210/0046 , C10J2300/1671 , C10K1/00 , C21B13/0073 , C21B13/02 , C21B2100/282 , C21B2100/42 , C21B2100/60 , C21B2100/62 , C21B2100/66 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A process and system for producing reducing gases are disclosed, wherein volatile components derived from coal are transformed into reducing gases suitable for utilization as synthesis gas, as a reducing agent for the direct reduction of iron ores and/or as a clean fuel.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于生产还原气体的方法和系统，其中源自煤的挥发性组分转化为适合作为合成气利用的还原气体，作为直接还原铁矿石和/或作为清洁燃料的还原剂。
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公开(公告)号：US5110350A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US436307
申请日：1989-11-14
IPC分类号： C21B13/02
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143 , Y02P10/265 , Y02P10/283
摘要： A process for the gaseous reduction of iron ore to sponge in a vertical shaft, moving bed reactor wherein a hot gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide generated by the internal steam reformation of gaseous hydrocarbon(s), preferably methane or natural gas, is used to reduce the ore without the need for any external catalytic reformer. A reducing gas recycle loop is established to which hydrocarbon and reclaimed waste hot water are fed in the proper proportions as the reducing gas make-up source with the sponge iron produced in the reduction reactor being used to catalyze hydrocarbon reformation, and with the carbon content of the recycled gas being maintained low by removing carbon dioxide therefrom. High overall process thermal efficiency and lowered operating and capital costs are achieved by establishing hot water (and optional steam) loops wherein all process hot water/steam requirements are met through the utilization of hot water discharge from the quench cooler and advantageously also the generation of steam by the reclamation of waste heat from spent hot reducing gas leaving the reactor, thereby eliminating the need for importing costly process steam and reducing the size needed for cooling towers and water treatment units.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在垂直轴中将铁矿石气态还原成海绵的方法，移动床反应器，其中使用通过气态烃（优选甲烷或天然气）的内部蒸汽重整产生的氢气和一氧化碳的热气体混合物 以减少矿石，而不需要任何外部催化重整器。 建立了一种还原气循环回路，其中烃和再生废热水以合适的比例供给，作为还原气体补给源，还原反应器中产生的海绵铁用于催化烃改性，并且碳含量 的再循环气体通过从其中除去二氧化碳而保持较低。 通过建立热水（和可选的蒸汽）回路来实现高整体工艺热效率和降低的运行和资本成本，其中通过利用来自骤冷冷却器的热水排放满足所有工艺热水/蒸汽要求，并且有利地也产生 通过从离开反应器的废热还原气体回收废热，从而无需进口昂贵的工艺蒸汽并减少冷却塔和水处理单元所需的尺寸。
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6.发明授权Process for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) utilizing gases derived from coal 有权使用来自煤的气体生产直接还原铁（DRI）的方法公开(公告)号：US09546409B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-17
申请号：US14240013
申请日：2011-08-20
CPC分类号： C22B1/11 , C10K1/004 , C21B11/02 , C21B13/0033 , C21B13/0073 , C21B13/02 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , C22B3/02 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A process for producing DRI from iron ores, utilizing a gas produced from fossil fuels, containing sulfur compounds and BTX, heating said gas in a heater, preferably a regenerator, wherein heat is transferred from a previously-heated solid material to the gas. Flowing the hot gas through a bed of DRI particles, iron oxides or other equivalent material, outside of the reduction reactor, where said material adsorbs sulfur compounds and destroys BTX. The resulting gas, free from sulfur compounds and BTX, is combined with a reducing gas stream from the reduction reactor after H2O and CO2 is at least partially removed for regenerating its reducing potential, with or without undergoing previous cleaning, is used for producing DRI. One inventive embodiment comprises producing DRI at high temperature giving advantageously higher productivity and energy savings when using hot DRI in an electric arc furnace lowering the capital and operational costs of steelmaking.
摘要翻译： 利用由化石燃料产生的含有硫化合物和BTX的铁矿石从铁矿石生产DRI的方法，在加热器，优选再生器中加热所述气体，其中热量从预先加热的固体材料转移到气体中。 将热气体流过还原反应器外部的DRI颗粒，氧化铁或其他等效材料床，其中所述材料吸附硫化合物并破坏BTX。 在H 2 O和CO 2至少部分除去以后再生其还原电位，在或不经历之前的清洁的情况下，将所得到的气体，不含硫化合物和BTX与来自还原反应器的还原气流合并用于生产DRI。 一个创新实施例包括在高温下生产DRI，当在电弧炉中使用热DRI以降低炼钢的资本和操作成本时，可有利地提高生产率和节能。
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公开(公告)号：US20070245855A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-25
申请号：US11379943
申请日：2006-04-24
CPC分类号： C21B13/02 , C21B13/0086 , C21B13/029 , C21B2100/22 , C21B2100/44 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/143
摘要： A direct reduction process for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) in a reduction reactor having a reduction zone for reducing iron-oxides-containing particles, such as iron ore pellets, to DRI by reaction of said iron oxides with a high temperature reducing gas, and a cooling zone for lowering the temperature of the DRI produced in said reduction zone, wherein a stream of cooling gas, usually natural gas, is circulated through said cooling zone, a portion of said cooling gas is withdrawn from the cooling zone, cooled and cleaned in a gas cooler and a portion of the cooled gas is recycled to said reduction zone by means of an ejector utilizing the high-pressure natural gas make-up feed as the ejector's motive fluid. Using an ejector for recycling the cooling gas instead of using a mechanical compressor provides significant savings in electricity and in capital, operational and maintenance costs. A direct reduction plant having a DRI cooling zone which uses at least one ejector in recycling at least a portion of cooling gas to the cooling zone.
摘要翻译： 在具有通过所述铁氧化物与高温还原气体的反应的具有还原区域的还原反应器中生产直接还原铁（DRI）的直接还原方法，所述还原区用于将含铁氧化物的颗粒例如铁矿石颗粒还原成DRI， 以及用于降低在所述还原区中产生的DRI的温度的冷却区，其中通过所述冷却区循环冷却气体（通常是天然气）的一部分，所述冷却气体的一部分从所述冷却区域排出，冷却并且 在气体冷却器中清洁，并且通过使用高压天然气补充进料作为喷射器的运动流体的喷射器将一部分冷却的气体再循环到所述还原区。 使用喷射器回收冷却气体而不是使用机械压缩机可大大节省电力以及资金，运营和维护成本。 具有DRI冷却区的直接还原装置，其使用至少一个喷射器将至少一部分冷却气体再循环到冷却区。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for improved use of primary energy sources in integrated steel plants 有权一体化钢铁厂改善一次能源利用的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06986800B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-17
申请号：US10846508
申请日：2004-05-17
IPC分类号： C21B5/06
CPC分类号： C21B5/008 , C21B13/143 , C21B2100/24 , C21B2100/282 , C21B2100/60 , C21B2100/66 , C21C5/285 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A method and an integrated steel plant wherein, instead of using coke oven gases, converter gases and blast furnace top gases available as fuel for power generation or other heating purposes, these gases are more efficiently utilized as chemical agents for direct reduction of iron ores producing DRI.DRI is charged to blast furnaces increasing production of crude steel without increasing the capacities of the coke oven plant and blast furnaces and without changes in the quality of the crude steel, or, if production rate is maintained, the fossil fuels specific consumption is significantly reduced.Utilisation of primary fossil energy according to the invention also reduces the specific CO2 emissions per ton of crude steel. The specific CO2 emission in conventional integrated mills is about 1.6 tons of CO2 per ton of crude steel.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和综合钢铁厂，其中，代替使用焦炉煤气，转炉气体和高炉顶部气体作为用于发电或其他加热目的的燃料，这些气体被更有效地用作直接还原铁矿石生产的化学试剂 DRI。 在不增加焦炉厂和高炉的能力，粗钢质量不变的情况下，DRI将用于提高粗钢产量的高炉，或者如果维持生产率，则化石燃料的特定消耗量显着降低 。 根据本发明的初级化石能源的利用也降低了每吨粗钢的特定CO 2排放量。 在常规的综合磨机中，特定CO 2排放量为每吨粗钢约1.6吨CO 2。
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9.发明申请PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DIRECT REDUCED IRON (DRI) UTILIZING GASES DERIVED FROM COAL 有权生产直接还原铁（DRI）使用煤炭气体的方法公开(公告)号：US20140260803A1
公开(公告)日：2014-09-18
申请号：US14240013
申请日：2011-08-20
CPC分类号： C22B1/11 , C10K1/004 , C21B11/02 , C21B13/0033 , C21B13/0073 , C21B13/02 , C21B2100/02 , C21B2100/04 , C22B3/02 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136
摘要： A process for producing direct reduced iron (DRI) from iron ores, utilizing a gas produced from fossil fuels, particularly coal, containing sulfur compounds and BTX, wherein said gas is heated in a gas heater, preferably of the regenerative type, wherein heat is transferred from a previously-heated solid material to the gas produced from coal. The hot gas is caused to flow through a bed of DRI particles, iron oxides or other equivalent material, outside of the reduction reactor, where said material adsorbs sulfur compounds and the BTX are destroyed. The gas resulting from this treatment, free from sulfur compounds and BTX, is combined with a reducing gas stream withdrawn from the reduction reactor after H2O and CO2 have at least partially have been removed for regenerating its reducing potential, with or without undergoing a previous cleaning treatment, is used for producing DRI. One of the embodiments of the invention comprises producing DRI at high temperature with the advantage of higher productivity and energy savings when using said hot DRI in an electric arc furnace for steelmaking lowering the capital and operation costs of steelmaking.
摘要翻译： 一种从铁矿石生产直接还原铁（DRI）的方法，利用由含有硫化合物和BTX的化石燃料特别是煤制成的气体，其中所述气体在优选为再生型的气体加热器中加热，其中热量为 从预先加热的固体材料转移到由煤产生的气体。 使热气体流过还原反应器外部的DRI颗粒，氧化铁或其他等效材料床，其中所述材料吸附硫化合物并且BTX被破坏。 由这种处理产生的气体，不含硫化合物和BTX，与从还原反应器中排出的还原气流合并，H 2 O和CO 2至少部分地被除去以再生其还原电位，有或没有经过先前的清洗 治疗，用于生产DRI。 本发明的一个实施例包括在高温下生产DRI，当在用于炼钢的电弧炉中使用所述热DRI以降低炼钢的资本和操作成本时，具有较高的生产率和节能的优点。
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10.发明申请METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING DIRECT REDUCED IRON UTILIZING A SOURCE OF REDUCING GAS COMPRISING HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE 有权用于生产直接还原铁的方法和装置，其利用包含氢和一氧化碳的气体的还原源公开(公告)号：US20130305883A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13824648
申请日：2011-09-28
申请人： Alessandro Martinis , Michele Condosta , Eugenio Zendejas Martinez , Pablo Enrique Duarte Escareno
发明人： Alessandro Martinis , Michele Condosta , Eugenio Zendejas Martinez , Pablo Enrique Duarte Escareno
IPC分类号： C21B13/00
CPC分类号： C21B13/0073 , B01D53/1475 , B01D53/75 , C21B13/02 , C21B13/029 , C21B2100/282 , C21B2100/44 , C21B2100/64 , C21B2100/66 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/128 , Y02P10/136 , Y02P10/265 , Y02P10/283
摘要： The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus for producing DRI (Direct Reduced Iron) utilizing a high-oxidation reducing gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, derived directly or indirectly from the gasification of hydrocarbons or coal, with a high content of oxidants (H2O and CO2). The invention provides a more efficient method and plant comprising a reactor in which particulate material of iron ore comes into contact with a high temperature reducing gas to produce DRI, with lower investment and operating costs, avoiding the need for a fired heater for the reducing gas fed into the reduction reactor. The reducing gas is heated to a temperature above 700° C. in two steps, a first step at a temperature below about 400° C. to prevent the phenomenon of metal dusting, by exchange of sensible heat supplied by the stream of hot spent gas removed from the reduction reactor; and a second step by means of partial or total combustion with oxygen, maintaining the temperature of the combustion gas below the limits established by the construction materials of the combustion chamber.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种使用含有一氧化碳和氢的高氧化还原气体直接或间接地衍生自烃或煤气化的高氧化物（H 2 O）的DRI（直接还原铁）的方法和设备。 和CO2）。 本发明提供了一种更有效的方法和设备，其包括反应器，其中铁矿石的颗粒材料与高温还原气体接触以产生DRI，具有较低的投资和操作成本，避免了对于还原气体的燃烧加热器的需要 进入还原反应器。 将还原气体分两步加热至高于700℃的温度，第一步骤在低于约400℃的温度下，通过交换热废气流提供的显热来防止金属粉尘现象 从还原反应器中取出; 和通过部分或全部燃烧氧气的第二步骤，将燃烧气体的温度维持在燃烧室的建筑材料所建立的限度以下。
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